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Results for “Social Behavior Disorders”

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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Problem behaviour, caregiver reactions, and impact among caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Problem behaviours that occur during Alzheimer's disease (AD) can have major impact on caregivers. How caregivers react to these behaviours may determine the total impact experienced from caregiving. PURPOSE: This study examined the relationships between problematic behaviours and caregiving impact in 30 primary caregivers of persons with AD. The first question explored the relationship between frequency of problem behaviour and impact; the second explored the relationship between caregiver reactions to problem behaviours and impact from caregiving. METHODS: The frequency of problem behaviour and the caregiver reaction was measured using The Revised Memory and Behaviour Problem Checklist (Teri et al. 1992). The impact from caregiving was operationalized using the Cost of Care Index developed by Kosberg and Cairl (1986). RESULTS: Significant associations were found for 11 of the 20 subscales that measured the association between the frequency of problem behaviour in the client and the impact from caregiving experienced by the caregiver. In comparison, the association between caregiver's reaction to problem behaviours and impact from caregiving was even more significant in value with 15 subscales of 20 being significant. Female caregivers experienced a greater reaction to disruptive and depressive behaviour when compared with male caregivers even though both genders reported similar frequencies of problem behaviours. In regard to findings about the impact from caregiving, four of the six indicators were higher for women than for men. CONCLUSIONS: Caregiver reaction to problem behaviours was more highly associated with impact from caregiving than the actual frequency of the behaviours. These findings have great implications for intervention programs. Caregivers, especially females, need to receive individualized, specific education/training on how to understand and manage disruptive and depressive behaviour in persons with AD.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Predictors for attacks on people after deinstitutionalization.

BACKGROUND: The deinstitutionalization movement is presently spreading in Europe, but studies evaluating the effects of deinstitutionalization on behaviour disturbances among people with intellectual disability (ID) are inconclusive. The prevalence of aggressive behaviour among people with ID is high in both institutions and in community. Aggression and attacks on people are a significant problem for people with ID in both institutions and society. In the present paper, the authors focus on individuals who started attacking people after deinstitutionalization. METHOD: The authors studied individual and environmental characteristics before and after deinstitutionalization to look for individual and environmental predictors for the development of aggression with the hope that some could be possible intervention points for preventive action. In an institution for people with ID, all who did not attack people before deinstitutionalization were included. The individuals who started attacking others after deinstitutionalization (n = 22) were the study group (group A) and those who did not (n = 42) comprised the control group (group B). The population was examined before and after deinstitutionalization. As far as possible the same methods were used at both occasions. The covariates included individual ones, such as mental health, behaviour disturbances and behaviour deficits, and environmental ones, such as caretaker education, caretaker:patient ratio, housing and leisure activities. Psychiatric disorders were identified in 1987 and 1995 with the Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults (PIMRA), which was filled in by the caretakers. RESULTS: Group A showed significantly more self-injurious behaviour (SIB) than group B in 1987. The sum of behaviour disturbances shown in the past year, attacks on property, SIB and other disruptive behaviours were also significantly higher in group A than in group B. The soundness scores on the PIMRA for the people in group A were lower than for the people in group B. Group A contained significantly fewer people without behavioural problems in the past year. The authors could not find any differences on other individual characteristics such as aetiologies of ID and behaviour deficits in 1987. The caretakers' evaluations of the clients need for help, based on behaviour disturbances and mental health problems, were significantly higher in group A. The people in this study differed in age, gender and degree of ID from those in most other studies on ID and challenging behaviour. CONCLUSION: The individual predictors for starting to attack others after deinstitutionalization were SIB, a slight load of other behaviour problems and a low soundness score on the PIMRA. The only environmental predictor was the caretakers' evaluation of the subjects' need for help caused by behaviour problems and mental illness. The authors could not identify possible preventive intervention points, neither individual or environmental, and therefore, further studies are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Neuropsychological profile of persons with anoxic brain injury: differences regarding physiopathological mechanism.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To determine the neuropsychological profile of persons with anoxic brain injury. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A retrospective study on a population of persons with anoxic brain injury admitted to a Brain Injury Unit (Institut Guttmann, Spain) from 1995-2003. The sample was divided according to physiopathological mechanisms in two sub-groups: ischemic anoxia (21 cases) and hypoxemic anoxia (11 cases). Functions assessed included orientation, attention, language, visuo-perceptive and visuo-constructive processing and verbal memory. RESULTS: Neuropsychological assessment showed diffuse cognitive impairment in all assessed functions. Episodes of ischemic anoxia caused more severe verbal memory and learning problems than episodes of hypoxemic anoxia. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that memory problems are the most prominent and relevant impairment, although all other cognitive functions are also impaired, affecting both memory itself and general behaviour. Statistical analysis also provides preliminary evidence on the different profile of memory impairment whether cerebral anoxia had hypoxic or ischemic origin.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Use of drugs by Old Age Psychiatrists in the treatment of psychotic and behavioural symptoms in patients with dementia.

The objective was to elicit the prescribing practises of Old Age Psychiatrists in the UK in the treatment of psychotic and behavioural symptoms in patients with dementia. A structured questionnaire was sent to all Old Age Psychiatrists in the United Kingdom. Respondents were questioned regarding their use of both typical and atypical antipsychotics and the most common dosages prescribed. Information was sought about usage of depot medication and dosages; use of alternative or adjunctive medications to antipsychotics and use of parenteral medication for acute management of agitation. The most commonly used antipsychotic to treat psychotic symptoms was haloperidol, and thioridazine to treat behavioural symptoms. A wide range of dosages was used. Use of depot medication was common, with flupenthixol decanoate being the most frequently used. Most respondents use at least one of the atypical antipsychotics, risperidone being most popular. Use of other psychotropic medication used as alternatives to antipsychotics or adjunctives in the treatment of behavioural symptoms was common, the most popular being trazodone. Of the respondents, 62.7% use parenteral medication for the acute management of agitation, the most popular drug being haloperidol. The typical antipsychotics are still the most commonly used despite the reputed better safety profile of the atypicals. There was wide variation in the dosages prescribed. Use of psychotropics other than phenothiazines was common. More research is needed into the use of psychotropic medication for dementia and there is need for consensus in this area. Forming an expert group may be the best way to create uniformity of prescription.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Childhood adversities and psychosocial disorders.

Adverse childhood experiences--especially inadequacies in early parental care--are associated with elevated rates of both acute and chronic psychosocial disorders in adult life. In most instances, adverse outcomes are confined to a minority of children exposed; variations in the severity or pervasiveness of early risk, individual differences in susceptibility, and interactions with later stressors are all thus likely to be important in mediating effects. At present, knowledge of intervening processes is limited, and dependent on retrospective studies of adult samples or short-term longitudinal findings in childhood. We review current evidence on the long-term outcomes of prenatal divorce, childhood maltreatment, and institutional rearing, and on the early antecedents of depression and antisocial behaviour in adult life, to highlight possible interviewing mechanisms. Most long-term sequelae seem likely to depend on a series of shorter-term links, some running through elevated risks of continued environmental adversity, others through psychological vulnerabilities and problems in social relationships.

Adult↗