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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Epidemiologic and environmental investigation of a recreational water outbreak caused by two genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in Ohio in 2000.

In August 2000, the Ohio Department of Health requested assistance to investigate a cryptosporidiosis outbreak with more than 700 clinical case-patients. An epidemiologic and environmental investigation was conducted. Stool specimens, pool water, and sand filter samples were analyzed. A community-based case-control study showed that the main risk factor was swimming in pool A (odds ratio [OR] = 42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.3-144.9). This was supported by results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, which showed the presence of both the human and bovine genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in case-patients and samples from the filter of pool A. A pool-based case-control study indicated that the highest risk was related to exposure to pool water via the mouth (OR = 5.1, 95% CI = 2.1-12.5) or to pool sprinklers (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.3-4.7). Fecal accidents at the pool were documented. Records indicated that the pool met local health regulations. The outbreak, caused by co-infection with two C. parvum genotypes (human and bovine), underscores the need for concerted action to improve public health policies for recreational water facilities and enhanced education regarding the potential for disease transmission through pools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Legionella pneumophila in pool water].

We investigated 87 samples of pool water for the presence of Legionella. The samples were from cold water pools (< 28 degrees C) and from hot water pools (> 32 degrees C). Sampling was furthermore done on normal water samples, on water from the bottom of pools and of water from departure from the activated carbon filters. Legionella was not detected in any of the samples from cold water pools, whereas in the hot water pools 10% of the pool water samples and 80% of the water from the filters were infected with Legionella pneumophila. The highest concentrations of Legionella were found in the filter samples, whereas the concentrations in the pool water (10-100 cfu/liter) were not alarming. This investigation demonstrates the potential risk of presence of Legionella in hot water pools with activated carbon filters being the site with best growth potential. It should be stressed that a high level of disinfection (at least 1.0 mg free chlorine/liter and pH 7.2) is essential for the prevention of Legionella in pool water at higher temperatures.

Disinfection↗
PubMed2005

[Oral conditions in swimmers].

Swimmers, for several hours a week in contact with pool-water, may develop two different types of pool-water related oral conditions: dental erosion and dental staining. Dental erosion may occur when the acidity of the pool-water is below a pH-value of 5, dental staining when the pH-value of the pool-water is above 6.5. Of the two conditions mentioned, dental erosion is the most harmful, because it involves an irreversible process. The clinical significance is clarified by a few case-reports. In Dutch pools, the pH-value of the pool-water has to be checked daily. Therefore, among Dutch swimmers there is only a slight possibility of arising oral conditions caused by pool-water.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1980

Will fenced pools save lives? A 10-year study from Mulgrave Shire, Queensland.

No community has measured baseline child-drowning rates, introduced protective safety legislation, and then assessed its effectiveness. One unique community in Northern Australia, Mulgrave Shire, has implemented rigidly-policed pool safety legislation since 1960; a study of the child drowning profiles therein is reported here to given an estimate of the efficacy of safety legislation. No child has drowned in a fenced pool either in Cairns or in Mulgrave Shires over the 10-year period of the survey. For Mulgrave Shire, no child has drowned during 9200 pool-years. Comparative studies of two neighbouring Shires, with different safety legislation policies (both in absolute safety regulations, and the spirit with which they are prosecuted), indicate that fatal and near-fatal pool accidents can be cut by at least half if safety legislation is effective. Special dangers apply to pools in caravan parks and multiunit dwellings.

Accident Prevention↗