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The feasibility of spectrophotometric measurements of arterial oxygen saturation from the fetal scalp utilizing noninvasive skin-reflectance pulse oximetry.

In in-vivo animal experiments, the authors evaluated the feasibility of measuring arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) noninvasively during simulated delivery conditions with a skin-reflectance pulse oximeter sensor attached to the fetal scalp. The optical reflectance sensor consisted of three pairs of red and infrared light-emitting diodes and a concentric array of six identical photodiodes. Two prototype sensor assemblies, incorporating different means of attachment to the scalp, were evaluated. Each sensor was interfaced to a commercial Datascope ACCUSTAT transmittance pulse oximeter, adapted to perform as a reflectance pulse oximeter. This method, once successfully developed, could potentially be used in combination with other fetal monitoring techniques to elucidate the role of noninvasive pulse oximetry in reducing fetal morbidity and mortality.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Scalping incidents involving hay balers--New York.

In August 1991, the Agricultural Health Nurse Program (AHNP) of New York received a report of a woman who was scalped (i.e., traumatic avulsing of the scalp) when her hair became entangled in a hay baler. Subsequent investigations by the AHNP identified three similar incidents. One was identified through a rehabilitation service and one by a machinery dealer; one of these women identified the third person. In all four cases, the injuries resulted from entanglements with rotating secondary drivelines, shielded from above by three-sided guards, on hay-baling equipment. This report summarizes the four incidents and discusses strategies for prevention of similar incidents related to operation of farm machinery.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

Scalp as a donor site for grafts to facial and neck burns in children.

In facial and neck burns, attention to cosmetic details, in addition to preservation of function, is crucial. The authors describe use of the scalp as a graft donor site for such burns. The advantages include excellent colour match of the graft and minimal morbidity at the donor site. The technique for graft harvest is outlined, and the potential pitfalls are described. Based on their experience with this technique, the authors believe the scalp should be considered as a donor graft site during the acute phase of facial and neck burns.

Burns↗
PubMed1992

Reconstruction of children's scalp defects with the Orticochea flap.

From January 1985 to February 1990, 4 children with scalp defects were selected for use of the Orticochea flap technique for reconstruction. The ages ranged from 15 months (the youngest in the literature) to 7 years. The defects ranged from 6 x 7 to 11 x 13 cm. Three defects were traumatic and 1 was acute lymphocytic leukemia septic emboli in cause. All these children got satisfactory results with follow-up periods ranging from 5 months to more than 5 years. With these preliminary experiences, we have verified that the Orticochea flap scalp reconstruction surgery described 20 years ago can be performed safely even in children, especially when tissue expansion is not suitable or readily available.

Child↗
PubMed2005

[Observation on therapeutic effect of pulse magnetic acupuncture at scalp acupoints on acute cerebral infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To apply pulse magnetic acupuncture at scalp acupoints to treat acute cerebral infarction and to explore the mechanism. METHODS: A pulse magnetic acupuncture group, a routine acupuncture group and a static magnetic acupuncture group were set up, 30 cases in each group. Their clinical therapeutic effects were observed. RESULTS: The cured-markedly effective rate was 80.0% in the pulse magnetic acupuncture group and 70.3% in the routine acupuncture group with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), which were significant difference with 36.6% in the static magnetic acupuncture group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Pulse magnetic acupuncture and routine acupuncture at scalp acupoints have same therapeutic effect on acute cerebral infarction, which is superior to that of static magnetic acupuncture.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed2005

[Lin Xue-Jian's experience on treatment of a part of cerebral diseases with scalp acupuncture].

LIN Xue-Jian adopts Chinese traditional acupuncture and moxibustion manipulation methods to stimulate the special area of scalp to treat a part of brain-derived diseases, such as infantile cerebral palsy, nerve deafness, cerebellar ataxia, lacunar cerebral infarction, senile dementia, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, insomnia and central constipation, and so on. Scalp acupuncture can improve ability of blood and oxygen supply for general blood vessels; stimulation of corresponding acupoint area according to symptoms and signs can control condition of disease; and can repair, activate and regenerate the injured, dormancy and aging neurons, so as to dredge nerve network in the brain, hence better therapeutic effect.

Acupuncture↗
PubMed2005

Angiosarcoma of scalp: a case report.

Cutaneous angiosarcomas are rare and constitute less than 1% of all malignant mesenchymal tumours. Most angiosarcomas of skin arise in the following clinical settings: 1. face and scalp of elderly 2. following lymphoedema and 3. post radiation. We present a case of an elderly man presenting with scalp lesion of 18 months duration. Histological examination of the biopsy revealed features of an angiosarcoma, which showed imunohistochemical positivity for factor VIII related antigen.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Calcipotriol solution in scalp psoriasis.

Psoriasis is characterized by three main pathogenic features: abnormal differentiation, keratinocyte hyperproliferation and inflammation. The lesions may disappear spontaneously or as a result of therapy, but recurrences are almost certain. Twenty-seven patients with scalp psoriasis were treated with calcipotriol solution 50 g/ml as twice-daily application for 8 weeks. The assessment was based on the mean sign scores (erythema, thickness and scaliness) at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The results indicated that five patients were excluded from the study (four because of irregularity and one because of irritation), and 22 patients had completed the treatment course. There was a marked reduction in the total mean scores of erythema, thickness and scaling from 2.8, 2.7 and 2.7 to 0.3, 0.34 and 0.4, respectively. Fifteen patients (68.2%) showed complete clearance of their psoriasis, and most of the lesions cleared by week 6 of treatment. Two patients (9.1%) had marked improvement and four (18.2%) patients showed moderate improvement. No response to calcipotriol solution was seen in only one patient. No adverse effects occurred except severe irritation in one patient, who was excluded from this study. In conclusion, calcipotriol could be a valid choice for the treatment of scalp psoriasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Proliferating trichilemmal cysts of the scalp on CT.

Proliferating trichilemmal cysts, also known as pilar tumors, are slow-growing lobulated masses most commonly found on the scalp of elderly women. We present the case of a 69-year-old woman with a 25-year history of multiple enlarging scalp masses. The patient was evaluated for surgical consultation after the dominant mass presented with malignant degeneration. A CT of the head revealed multiple large, subcutaneous, cystic masses with calcifications.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Controlled observation on effects of different needle retaining time in scalp acupuncture on motor function in the infant of cerebral palsy].

OBJECTIVE: To compare therapeutic effects of different needle retaining time in scalp acupuncture on motor function in the infant of cerebral palsy. METHODS: Randomized controlled design and Jin three needle therapy were used, and the therapeutic effects of needle retaining time of 1 h and 30 min on cerebral palsy were compared. RESULTS: After treatment for 2 months, the improvement of motor function in the group of retaining needle of lh was better than that in the 30 min group. CONCLUSION: Prolonging the retaining needle time for sufficient stimulation amountis an important factor for achieving a better therapeutic effect in scalp acupuncture treatment of infant cerebral palsy.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2006

Effects of CT-localized scalp round-needling on the blood rheology, NO and NOS of patients with multiple infarctional dementia.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the short-term therapeutic effects of CT-localized scalp round-needling on the blood rheology, nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) of patients with multiple infarctional dementia. METHODS: 89 cases of multiple infarctional dementia were randomly divided into an electro-round-needling group (57 cases), and a western medication group (32 cases). The therapeutic effects, including the effects on the blood rheology, NO and NOS, were observed. RESULTS: After receiving same courses of treatment, both the electro-round-needling group and the western medication group showed significant differences in the various kinds of indexes (P < 0.05-0.01). CONCLUSION: The CT-localized scalp round-needling is an effective therapy for multiple infarctional dementia.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical observation on point-through-point therapy of scalp electroacupuncture for treatment of facial spasm].

OBJECTIVE: To search for the best method of increasing clinical therapeutic effect of facial spasm. METHODS: One hundred and twenty cases of facial spasm were selected and divided randomly into a scalp point-through-point electroacupuncture group (EA treatment group), an electroacupuncture control group (EA control group) and a carbamazepine control group, 40 cases in each group. Baihui (GV 20)-through-Qubin (GB 7), Shenting (GV 24)-through-Hanyan (GB 4), Touwei (ST 8)-through-Xuanli (GB 6), Benshen (GB 13)-through-Shuaigu (GB 8) were selected in the EA treatment group, and Baihui (GV 20), Yangbai (GB 14), Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Yifeng (TE 17), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected in the EA control group, and the EA treatment was given once each day, for 30 days. The carbamazepine control group were treated with carbamazepine 0.1 g, twice each day, for 30 days. Their therapeutic effects were evaluated by changes of grading of facial spasm strength and frequency, and myoelectric activity. RESULTS: The strength and frequency of facial spasm significantly decreased in the EA treatment group with very significant differences as compared with other two groups (P<0.01), and there was a significant difference in the electrophysiologic indexes as the EA treatment group compared with other two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Scalp point-through-point electroacupuncture can increase therapeutic effect on facial spasm and it is a better therapy for this disease.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1992

Infection of fetal scalp electrode monitoring sites.

Complications caused by placement of a fetal scalp electrode include trauma, hemorrhage and infection. Infections are usually localized and self-limited, but they can occasionally lead to serious complications, such as osteomyelitis, sepsis and death. The recommended treatment for a scalp abscess is incision and drainage, followed by appropriate antibiotic therapy. If a serious infection is suspected, the infant should be hospitalized, blood cultures obtained and intravenous antibiotic therapy initiated.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Electronic monitoring of fetal heart rate and determination of fetal scalp blood pH in prediction of intrapartum fetal distress.

A prospective study on consecutive fetal monitoring in 559 deliveries was carried out. The difference between the first 30-minute and the last 30-minute monitoring was compared. Abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern in the last 30 minutes combined with abnormal fetal scalp blood pH has a good predictability of 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores. The correlation of fetal heart rate-uterine contraction (FHR-UC) monitoring (525 cases) and fetal scalp blood pH determinations (FSB-pH) (79 cases) with the fetal condition was assessed. It is indicated that the first 30-minute FHR tracing can reflect the fetal status in labor, and FHR-UC monitoring assessment is evidently superior to FSB-pH in the prediction of a vigorous fetus. Whereas, FSB-pH is superior to FHR-UC monitoring in the prediction of a compromised fetus.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1991

[Repair of widely infected scalp defect and osteomyelitis with free radial forearm flap: a case report].

A 60-year-old female was admitted with large frontal scalp defect associated with osteomyelitis due to chronic infection. Debridement of the infected scalp and frontal bone and the transplantation of the free radial forearm flap with vascular anastomosis was carried out. The wound cured uneventfully. Cranioplasty was performed ten months after the first operation. Transplantation of free radial forearm flap was first reported in 1982 by Song in China and has proved to be a very effective operative method, especially for the repair of large infected wounds. This is because good blood supply results from the anastomosis of larger vessels, and its cleansing effects can eradicate infections and prompt rapid wound healing.

Female↗
PubMed1991

The surgical anatomy of the scalp.

Cadaveric dissections and surgical observations have led to the description and clarification of the boundaries. blood supply, and nomenclature of the layers of the scalp. Special attention was directed to the layer of "loose connective tissue" that lies beneath the entire galea and above the cranial periosteum centrally, and the temporalis fascia laterally. It has been named the subgaleal fascia (SGF). The subgaleal fascia is a trilaminar structure with unusual potential in reconstructive surgery. Histologic study reveals the subgaleal fascia to be composed of a central dense collagenous layer surrounded by vascularized areolar tissue. It is readily dissected from surrounding galeal and periosteal layers. The subgaleal fascia was probably included in previously described "pericranial flaps," which were often based beyond the periosteum. The blood supply of the subgaleal fascia originates from the proximal portion of the peripheral vessels of the scalp and continues within the areolar lamina. The subgaleal fascia is an exceptionally thin, malleable, and well-vascularized flap useful for facial reconstruction.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1991

[Determining aging changes of melanin granules of human scalp hairs by image analyser].

Using electron micrographs of human hairs, we measured the minor axis and density of hair melanin granules in a 0 year old infant, 20-30 year old adult and 60-70 year old adult by an image analyser for the purpose of determining the aging changes of melanin granules of human scalp hairs. The melanin density of the outer hair cortex was higher than that of the inner hair cortex. There were no differences between the 0 year old infant and the 20-30 year old adult in the minor axis and density of melanin granules, but significant differences were evident in the minor axis between the 60-70 year old adult and the other generations. Significant differences were noted in the density of melanin granules of the inner hair cortex between the 60-70 year old adult and the other generations. As a result of the quantitative analyses, it was proved that the melanin granules of human scalp hair increase in size and decrease in number by age.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Complete avulsion of the scalp. Apropos of a case].

The authors present a case about a traumatic totally avulsed scalp, realizing a loss of substance of 1,000 cm2. After the unsuccessful treatment with classical methods by skin grafting, a mixed myocutaneous Latissimus Dorsi and cutaneous parascapular flap allow the coverage of 25 centimetres of the scalp in his larger axis. The remaining surface is covered with full-thickness skin grafts. Though unperfect according to the esthetic aspect, the result is stable 6 months after the operation.

Female↗