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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Complexity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis: combined results from esterase electrophoresis and rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

Esterase electrophoretic typing and restriction fragment length polymorphism of ribosomal DNA regions (ribotyping) were used to differentiate 102 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates obtained from chronic lung infection in 23 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and two reference strains (including the type strain ATCC 10145). Twenty-five zymotypes were obtained with the former method and 16 ribotypes with the latter. Combination of the two typing systems led to the finding of 30 different types. Our data highlights the physiopathological complexity of P. aeruginosa infection in CF as, in six individual cases, several types were found among isolates from a given patient. On the other hand, two unique types were found in two and three patients respectively, raising the possibility of cross-infections.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed2000

Relations between the frequency of the DeltaF 508 mutation and the course of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The course of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis is variable. There are controversial data on the impact of the type of mutation on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene on the course of pulmonary disease in CF. Since selected mutations of the CFTR gene appear to be associated with relatively mild disease, this study addressed the question whether the course of pulmonary disease in CF patients colonized with P. aeruginosa is influenced by the frequency of the DeltaF 508 mutation. For this study, we assessed FVC and FEV1 in 127 CF patients who attended regularly the Munich CF Center over a mean period of 43 +/- 16 (SD) months. Of these 127 patients, 69 (54.3%) were homozygous for the DeltaF 508 mutation, 42 (33.1%) were compound heterozygous for the DeltaF 508 mutation, and 16 (12.6%) did not carry the DeltaF 508 mutation on either chromosome. In homozygotes 59 (85.5%) out of 69 CF-patients were colonized with P. aeruginosa as compared with 27 (64.3%) out of 42 in heterozygotes (p <0.05). The mean age of onset of P. aeruginosa colonization was 11.0 years, and there was no difference between the three groups. The mean FVC and FEV1 values did not differ significantly between the three genotype groups when P. aeruginosa infection was disregarded. However, when only P. aeruginosa colonized patients were compared FVC and FEV1 values were lower in heterozygotes than in the other two groups both at the beginning and at the end of the study. These findings indicate that the course of pulmonary disease in CF patients is at least partially influenced by the frequency of the DeltaF 508 mutation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Improvement of C-reactive protein levels and body temperature of an elderly patient infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa on treatment with Mao-bushi-saishin-to.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of Mao-bushi-saishin-to (Ma-Huang-Fu-Zi-Xi-Xin-Tang in Chinese medicine) (Tochimototenkaido Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan), one of the traditional herbal medicines, against resistant bacterial infection. SETTING: The Nursing Center Himawari, Izumo, Japan DESIGN, PATIENT, AND PREPARATION: Half of the standard dose of Mao-bushi-saishin-to was prescribed for 7 days to one elderly patient with fever and positive C-reactive protein (CRP) levels suffering from drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The daily standard dose of Mao-bushi-saishin-to is prepared from 1200 mg of dried extract obtained from three crude drugs, Ephedrae Herba (4 g), Asiasari Radix (3 g), and Aconiti Tuber (1 g). It is certified by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. RESULTS: The patient's fever and CRP level returned to normal levels. CONCLUSIONS: In cases in which the fever does not fall in response to antibiotics for at least 3 days, half of the standard dose of Mao-bushi-saishin-to for 7 days might be worth trying to induce remission, especially for elder patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Increase of resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

In our study of opportunistic pathogens, we have some indication that Staphylococcus aureus can increase resistance in mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Intraperitoneal injections of sublethal doses of S. aureus had a protective effect in mice against lethal doses of P. aeruginosa, more so if living and coagulase-positive S. aureus strains were injected. This protective effect was obtained both with laboratory and freshly isolated hospital strains. The interval between these infections can be extended from 2 h up to 1 week and it is still possible to observe the resistance phenomenon. The increased resistance was accompanied by a decrease in viable units of P. aeruginosa in the peritoneal cavity of mice 6 h after the injection of this species. There was no protection by S. aureus against Candida albicans in similar experimental conditions. These observations indicate that intermicrobial ecology, understood here as the previous presence of another species in a host, may be a significant factor in the resistance to infection with opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa.

Antitoxins↗
PubMed1993

Cytokines in sputum and serum from patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection as markers of destructive inflammation in the lungs.

The presence of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IRAP) in plasma and sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection was investigated together with IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in a cross-sectional study. All cytokines were assayed by ELISAs. High concentrations of IRAP, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF in sputum samples and low or nondetectable levels of circulating cytokines were frequently found. Increased concentrations of plasma IRAP are positively correlated with decreasing pulmonary function. In a longitudinal study of serum IRAP, a higher level of IRAP was detected in a group of patients with poor pulmonary function compared to a group with good pulmonary function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Comparison of therapeutic value of various topical agents in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. An experimental study].

40 Wistar rats were scalded by boiling water for 12 seconds resulting to 10% TBSA full-thickness burn. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10(9)/ml) was smeared on the burn wounds 10 min after injury. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Sulfadiazine silver and sulfadiazine zinc (with 5% azone) cream was applied to the wounds of animals in the group 1. The contaminated wounds were irradiated with negative ion current in the group 2. The "moisture ointment" was applied to the wounds in the group 3. Group 4 consisted of the controls without any treatment. All the topical agents were applied to the wounds 4 hr after the injury. The number of bacteria in the subeschar tissue was determined every day for 4 days. The tissues of lung, kidney, liver and heart were examined pathologically on the 4th day. The results showed that the quantity of bacteria in the subeschar tissue was significantly less, and pathological changes in organs were significantly milder in the 1st and 2nd groups than other two groups. The "moisture ointment" group yielded the poorest results in respect to subeschar bacterial counts and visceral pathology.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

IL-18 contributes to host resistance against infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa through induction of IFN-gamma production.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis destroys the cornea in susceptible (B6), but not resistant (BALB/c) mice. To determine mechanisms mediating resistance, the role of IFN-gamma, IL-12, and IL-18 was tested in BALB/c mice. RT-PCR analysis detected IFN-gamma mRNA expression levels in cornea that were significantly increased at 1-7 days postinfection. IL-18 mRNA was detected constitutively in cornea and, at 1-7 days postinfection, levels were elevated significantly, while no IL-12 mRNA was similarly detected. To test whether IL-18 contributed to IFN-gamma production, mice were treated with anti-IL-18 mAb. Treatment decreased corneal IFN-gamma mRNA levels, and bacterial load and disease increased/worsened, compared with IgG-treated mice. To stringently examine the role of IFN-gamma in bacterial killing, knockout (-/-) vs wild-type (wt) mice also were tested. All corneas perforated, and bacterial load was increased significantly in -/- vs wt mice. Because disease severity was increased in IFN-gamma(-/-) vs IL-18-neutralized mice, and since IL-18 also induces production of TNF, we tested for TNF-alpha in both groups. ELISA analysis demonstrated significantly elevated corneal TNF-alpha protein levels in IFN-gamma(-/-) vs wt mice after infection. In contrast, RT-PCR analysis of IL-18-neutralized vs IgG-treated infected mice revealed decreased corneal TNF-alpha mRNA expression. Next, to resolve whether TNF was required for bacterial killing, TNF-alpha was neutralized in BALB/c mice. No difference in corneal bacterial load was detected in neutralized vs IgG-treated mice. These data provide evidence that IL-18 contributes to the resistance response by induction of IFN-gamma and that IFN-gamma is required for bacterial killing.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Ciprofloxacin in polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes: efficacy in rat models of acute or chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

In a previous study in experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia, the therapeutic potential of ciprofloxacin was significantly improved by encapsulation in polyethylene glycol-coated ("pegylated") long-circulating (STEALTH) liposomes. Pegylated liposomal ciprofloxacin in high doses was nontoxic and resulted in relatively high and sustained ciprofloxacin concentrations in blood and tissues, and hence an increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). These data correspond to data from animal and clinical studies showing that for fluoroquinolones the AUC/MIC ratio is associated with favorable outcome in serious infections. Clinical failures and the development of resistance are observed for marginally susceptible organisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for which sufficient AUC/MIC ratios cannot be achieved. In the present study the therapeutic efficacy of pegylated liposomal ciprofloxacin was investigated in two rat models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. In the acute model pneumonia developed progressively, resulting in a rapid onset of septicemia and a high mortality rate. Ciprofloxacin twice daily for 7 days was not effective at doses at or below the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). However, pegylated liposomal ciprofloxacin either at high dosage or given at low dosage in combination with free ciprofloxacin on the first day of treatment was fully effective (100% survival). Obviously, prolonged concentrations of ciprofloxacin in blood prevented death of the animals due to early-stage septicemia in this acute infection. However, bacterial eradication from the left lung was not effected. In the chronic model, pneumonia was characterized by bacterial persistence in the lung without bacteremia, and no signs of morbidity or mortality were observed. Ciprofloxacin administered for 7 days at the MTD twice daily resulted in killing of more than 99% of bacteria in the lung; this result can also be achieved with pegylated liposomal ciprofloxacin given once daily. Complete bacterial eradication is never observed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Prophylaxis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in leukopenic mice by a combination of active and passive immunization.

Mice rendered leukopenic with cyclophosphamide and then challenged with viable Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to determine the protective efficacy of active immunization against exotoxin A and of passive immunization with human antiserum to Escherichia coli J5, a rough mutant of Escherichia coli O111:B4. Neither treatment alone provided a greater degree of protection than its respective control. However, the combination of these treatments produced a moderate, yet consistent, increase in the survival of infected immunosuppressed mice.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1984

Modulation of the humoral response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected mice.

Kinetics of humoral anti-SRBC response in the host infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. In the course of experimental infection in CFW mice with 0.01 LD50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 74 followed by immunization with SRBC, inhibition of PFC anti-SRBC production was observed for 5 days after infection. In the case of infection with 0.1 LD50 P. aeruginosa 74 stimulation of anti-SRBC PFC production was observed for 6 days after infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection associated with contamination of bronchoscopes and an endoscope washer-disinfector.

Over a two-month period, two distinct types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ceftazidime and azlocillin were isolated from bronchial specimens of ITU patients who had been previously bronchoscoped. The source of the outbreak was probably a faulty contaminated bronchoscope washer-disinfector which had been purchased a year earlier but not properly maintained. This paper describes the outbreak, the identification and elimination of the source, and the steps taken to prevent recurrence. Several automated, closed washer-disinfectors had been bought by the hospital in response to health and safety concerns about glutaraldehyde disinfection toxicity, but the operation and maintenance of these machines had not been supervised. Several other washer-disinfectors were also found to be faulty. The potential hazards of automated endoscope washer-disinfectors and the importance of controlled professional maintenance, servicing and training is discussed.

Azlocillin↗
PubMed1999

Early immune response in susceptible and resistant mice strains with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection determines the type of T-helper cell response.

Most cystic fibrosis (CF) patients become chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs. The infection is characterized by a pronounced antibody response and a persistant inflammation dominated by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Moreover a high antibody response correlates with a poor prognosis. We speculated that a change from this Th2-like response to a Th1-like response might decrease the lung inflammation and thus improve the prognosis in CF patients. To investigate this, we infected C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice intratracheally with P. aeruginosa. In addition, we studied the early immune response leading to different Th responses. Mortality was lower in the C3H/HeN mice (p<0.005), they cleared the bacteria faster (day 3 p<0.01, day 7 p<0.02), had a milder lung inflammation (day 7 p<0.01, day 14 p< or =0.0005) and had a Th1-like IgG subclass switch. At day 3, the C3H/HeN mice produced less NO and TNF-alpha, (p<0.01 and p<0.03) and had the lowest IL-10/IL-12 ratio (p< or =0.05). At day 7, the C3H/HeN mice had the highest IFN-gamma (p<0.02), and the lowest IL-4 (p<0.02) production in the lungs. In conclusion, these results show that the Th1-reacting C3H/HeN mice with chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection have a better disease outcome compared to the Th2-reacting BALB/c mice, indicating that a Th1 response might be beneficial in CF patients with chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection.

Animals↗