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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and contraceptive steroids.

A case of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of the liver in a young woman taking oral contraceptives is described. The parenteral administration of an elevated dosage of progesterone in a concentrated period of time is a remarkable feature of this case. The vascular alterations, which consisted of a marked increase of arterial and venous formations, intimal proliferation, diffused thrombosis, and the presence of large blood spaces recalling "peliosis hepatis" are the most salient microscopic findings. We should not exclude the possibility that these peculiar vascular alterations be the real effect of steroid hormones on a pre-existent hepatic lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Role of estrogens and progesterone in the etiology and prevention of endometrial cancer: review.

Our present knowledge of the role of sex steroids in the development as well as the prevention of endometrial cancer is reviewed. Factors which increase the exposure of the uterus to unopposed estrogens, either exogenous or endogenous, are associated with increased risk of endometrial adenocarcinoma. However, there is increasing evidence that progestogens can reverse endometrial hyperplasia and protect against the development of endometrial cancer. The mechanisms to explain the antiestrogenic effects of progestogens include changes in enzyme activity and steroid receptors in endometrial tissue. Postmenopausal women treated with combined estrogen and progestogen have the lowest incidence of endometrial carcinoma. Oral contraceptives containing both estrogen and progestogen in each tablet are protective against adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, while the sequential oral contraceptive pills afforded less protection. The risks and benefits of these hormone therapies are discussed in relation to the etiology and prevention of endometrial cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Longitudinal ultrasonographic study of the ovarian suppressive activity of a low-dose triphasic oral contraceptive during correct and incorrect pill intake.

A longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate the ability of a low-dose triphasic oral contraceptive to suppress ovulation as documented by frequent ultrasonographic scanning and progesterone determinations, even in the event of a missed pill. The extent of follicular growth and maturation, the incidence of escape ovulation, and the effect of correct and incorrect pill intake were assessed in 30 evaluable women during two consecutive spontaneous menstrual cycles. After the first cycle, 11 of 30 women (36.6%) had follicle-like structures of at least 10 mm in diameter. Ten of 11 structures gradually disappeared during the second cycle, with one persistent structure remaining through the second cycle. Seven of 30 women (23%) developed follicle-like structures during the second cycle. Of these, one woman had a probable ovulation, and another had an elevated progesterone level without follicle rupture, suggesting the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome. Both of these women missed a pill on day 1 of the second cycle. In all cases cervical scores indicating hostility were noted. Thus, although suppression of ovarian activity may have been incomplete when oral contraceptives were incorrectly taken, secondary mechanisms of contraception remained operant. When they were correctly taken, low-dose triphasic oral contraception consistently prevented ovulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma glucose and insulin levels in women using a levonorgestrel-containing triphasic oral contraceptive for three months.

Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured for three hours after an oral glucose challenge in twenty-nine women before and after using a triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel for three months. There were significant elevations in the glucose levels during the three-month tolerance test, while the insulin levels were unchanged. These data suggest that this OC can alter carbohydrate metabolism and that long-term studies are needed to assess the extent of this metabolic change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Contraception with progestogens and progesterone during lactation.

The growth and development of breastfed infants whose mothers used the contraceptive implants Norplant containing levonorgestrel and the injectable containing norethisterone enanthate were studied. Each group comprised of 120 women who initiated the use during the 5th to 7th week postpartum and were compared with a similar number of IUD using mothers. The breastfeeding performance did not differ between groups. The infants of the three groups performed similarly as regards their physical growth and health as well as the time of acquisition of the various milestones of psychomental development. A vaginal ring releasing 10 mg of the "natural" progesterone per 24 h was tested in breastfeeding mothers. The continuous use of the ring produced a serum level of progesterone around 4 ng/ml. This was effective in augmenting lactational infertility even through the later phases of breastfeeding when such an effect starts to wane off. The use of the ring proved to be acceptable and had no ill-effect on breastfeeding or infant growth or health. Using the natural progesterone as a contraceptive adds a new measure of safety, since the amount of the steroid secreted in the mother's milk will not be effectively absorbed from the infant's gut. These studies suggest the possibility of using two new methods for breastfeeding mothers; Norplant and the progesterone vaginal contraceptive ring. These can be initiated early postpartum, whenever this is considered needed.

Contraceptive Devices, Female↗