Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Multiphasic Screening”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Assessment of efficacy and safety of various adjuvant formulations with a total soluble extract of Trichinella spiralis.

Trichinellosis, a re-emerging zoonosis in several countries and pig, is the main species responsible for its transmission to human. Vaccination of swine could be an alternative to prevent the risk of human contamination. In order to develop an efficient and safe inactivate vaccine, the choice of the adjuvant is an important issue. The aim of this study was to develop and select potent and safe adjuvants by screening them in an experimental model with a crude soluble antigen from L1 muscular larvae (ML) of Trichinella spiralis (Ts). The efficacy was checked by the quantification of specific antibody levels. Specific and non-specific IgE antibody levels were also assessed. Safety was checked by the assessment of the local reaction at the injection site. Various Montanide ISA adjuvant formulations including water in oil, oil in water and multiphasic emulsions, but also nanoparticles or microbeads were tested. The results clearly showed differences between the antibody responses induced by the adjuvants and demonstrated the necessity to use an adjuvant to obtain a specific IgG (IgG1 or IgG2a) response directed against the total soluble extract of Ts. All the formulations enhanced the humoral immune response. The origin of the oil contained in the emulsions played an important role on the efficacy. Indeed emulsions based on mineral oils were more efficient than those based on metabolisable oils. However it was linked with stronger local reactions. Multiphasic and oil in water emulsions but also nanoparticles failed to induce IgG2a antibody levels. Microbeads and water in oil formulations based on mineral oils were more efficient. This experimentation allowed then the selection of several adjuvants which efficacy will be further investigated by a challenge test and an analysis of the cellular populations involved in the mechanism of the immune response.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2002

Diagnostic accuracy and factor structure of the AAS and APS scales of the MMPI-2.

Receiver operating characteristics analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Addiction Acknowledgement Scale (AAS; Weed, Butcher, McKenna, & Ben-Porath, 1992) and Addiction Potential Scale (APS; Weed et al., 1992) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) to that of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised (Butcher et al, 1989), the CAGE (Mayfield, McLeod, & Hall, 1974), and Svanum's scale (Svanum & McGrew, 1995) in a sample of 338 university students. The AAS was the most accurate of these 5 scales at identifying current alcohol dependence (as measured by a structured diagnostic interview) and appears to offer considerable promise as an alcohol screening instrument. In contrast, the APS performed the most poorly of the 5 scales being evaluated, yielding results that would be of minimal clinical utility. Factor analysis yielded a 2-factor solution for the AAS (Acknowledgement of Alcohol/Drug Problems; Positive Alcohol Expectancies) and a 4-factor solution for the APS (Satisfaction with Self; Cynicism/Pessimism; Impulsivity; Risk-Taking).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Coronary artery disease: assessment with a comprehensive MR imaging protocol--initial results.

A comprehensive magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol for assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) is presented. The protocol includes multiphase gradient-echo cine MR imaging for assessment of cardiac function, first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging at rest and during adenosine stress, MR imaging with delayed contrast enhancement for assessment of myocardial viability, and coronary MR angiography with a three-dimensional respiratory navigator-gated technique. In 10 patients, the protocol was completed in 61.5 minutes +/- 5.5 and yielded high image quality and diagnostic accuracy. This protocol may provide an integrated noninvasive screening tool for patients with CAD.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2005

Detecting random, partially random, and nonrandom Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent protocols.

The ability of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A; J. N. Butcher et al., 1992) validity scales to detect random, partially random, and nonrandom MMPI-A protocols was investigated. Investigations included the Variable Response Inconsistency scale (VRIN), F, several potentially useful new F and VRIN subscales, and formulas F-sub-2 - F-sub-1 and F + F-sub-2 + |F - F-sub-2|. Protocols completed by 150 adolescents at a juvenile court setting, screened for randomness with a matched-pair Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) or Jesness Inventory, were compared with 100 computer-generated, all-random protocols, and with 5 levels of partially random protocols. VRIN was the most effective scale in detecting all-random protocols; however, the optimum cutoff of >or= 75 failed to identify 1/3 of them. Using the new scales, a decision algorithm was described that correctly classified 94%-95% of protocols as interpretable, partially interpretable, or uninterpretable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Personality traits in patients with acute low-back pain. A comparison with chronic low-back pain patients.

This study investigates the possibilities to identify, within a group of acute low-back pain patients, individuals with psychogenic etiology to pain. 26 acute back pain patients and 25 healthy control subjects were tested with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Hysteria: (Hs), Hypochondria (Hy), Depression (D); Cesarek-Marke Personality Scale: Aggression (Agg), Defence of status (Dst), Guilt (Gui); Mood Adjective Check List: (Hedonism, Activity, Calmness = Hed, Act, Clm) and a 'pain questionnaire' including 'pain drawing'. Differences between groups and correlation patterns between test variables indicate that a combination of Hs, Hy, D, Dst, Gui, Hed, Act, Clm as well as predisposition to somatization, Som (a quantification of pain drawing) provides a useful predictive screening instrument.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Feigning psychopathology among adolescent offenders: validation of the SIRS, MMPI-A, and SIMS.

Clinical decision rules for the assessment of feigning and related response styles have not been systematically investigated in adolescent populations. For instance, evaluations of feigning on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) involve cutting scores extrapolated from adult studies with the MMPI/MMPI-2. Such extrapolations are unwarranted because (a) adolescents perform differently than adults on MMPI/MMPI-2 validity scales and (b) the MMPI-A validity and clinical scales are substantively different than the MMPI/MMPI-2. Given the dearth of adolescent data, this study examined the clinical usefulness of three measures in the assessment of feigning: MMPI-A, Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), and Screening Index of Malingered Symptoms (SIMS). Employing a within-subjects analogue study on 53 dually diagnosed adolescent offenders, we found that commonly used MMPI-A scales (F, F1, and F2) were ineffective, but that F-K > 20 appeared promising. For the SIRS, classification of feigning based on adult criteria yielded moderate positive predictive poser and superb negative predictive power. As a screen, the SIMS proved to be moderately effective in identifying feigned protocols. Finally, two-stage discriminant analysis offered initial support of the incremental validity of a combined SIRS and MMPI-A evaluation of adolescent feigning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Attention dysfunction and psychopathology in college men.

Four hundred college men were screened on a measure of vigilance, the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). The individuals with good and poor attention (the upper and lower 5% of the CPT score distribution) were compared on multiple measures of psychiatric disturbance, cognition, and psycho-physiologic function. The attention dysfunction group (lower 5%) had a higher incidence of symptoms of hyperactivity both in childhood and as adults, but had no higher incidence of other psychopathology as assessed with either the Research Diagnostic Criteria or the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Cognitive differences between the lower and upper CPT groups, including differences on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale subtests, the Stroop test, reaction time, and evoked potentials, substantiated an attention dysfunction syndrome. Thus, attentional dysfunction in young adults seems more closely linked to hyperactivity than to current psychopathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The psychometric assessment of alcoholism in forensic groups: the MacAndrew scale and response bias.

Although the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale is the most widely used Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) measure of vulnerability to alcohol abuse, its accuracy has not been studied in patients intrinsically motivated to exaggerate or minimize psychopathology. We examined the usefulness of the MAC in predicting alcohol abuse in a forensic clinical sample. Results indicate the MAC (a) was not more effective than direct inquiry in this group, (b) scores were correlated negatively with minimization and positively with exaggeration for subjects with histories of alcohol abuse, (c) offered advantages over direct inquiry both in screening for alcohol history (sensitivity) and in confirming it (specificity), and (d) scores were only moderately more accurate in valid than in minimized or exaggerated MMPI protocols. The results suggest that clinicians should use the MAC cautiously, particularly when they suspect motivation to minimize psychopathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Predicting the performance of government security personnel with the IPI and MMPI.

The Inwald Personality Inventory (IPI) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were administered to 307 newly hired government security personnel. After 9 to 12 months on the job, each was rated by their immediate supervisor on a 4-point scale of global performance (exceptional, satisfactory, unsatisfactory, or very unsatisfactory). Discriminant function analyses indicated that the IPI was superior to the MMPI in predicting later job performance, but the greatest prediction accuracy was found in discriminant functions based upon both tests together. However, the costs of falsely identifying candidates as poor risks and screening out those who would have been successful increased along with accuracy in predicting the true risks. It was concluded that organizations must ultimately decide upon the degree to which they are willing to sacrifice candidates who may have been successful in order to screen out those who are unsuitable. The implications of psychological screening for organizational selection policy are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

[Psychopathology and psychosocial functioning of adults with epilepsy. Preliminary evaluation].

To examine the relationship between psychosocial functioning and psychopathology in epilepsy, a total 37-outpatient sample was assessed by means of both the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory (WPSI) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Patients came from an epilepsy program of the Hospital psiquiátrico, Chile. Disorders in several areas pertaining to psychosocial functioning and psychopathology were observed: Their distribution was quite similar to disorders previously reported when using both instruments. The WPSI scales showed a positive correlation with the MMPI's--a relevant correlation as far as the Overall Psychosocial Functioning, and Emotional adjustment sub-scales are concerned. The relationship between psychopathology and psychosocial functioning in epilepsy is discussed as well as the usefulness of the WPSI as a screening-test for the psychosocial assessment of epileptic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The Functional Assessment Screening Questionnaire: application for evaluating pain-related disability.

The Functional Assessment Screening Questionnaire (FASQ) is a 15-item checklist which was developed for primary care populations and may serve as a questionnaire method for evaluating disability which is associated with chronic pain. One hundred fifty-eight patients completed the FASQ as part of an initial multidisciplinary evaluation of chronic pain. Reliability was reaffirmed through split-half and alternate-form methods. Responses were examined to explore relationships to aspects of disability. Although job functions were not directly assessed, the scores of employed vs unemployed respondents differed significantly. Findings were related to Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scale scores but appeared to reflect a separate phenomenon. Scale 1 (Hs) was the most useful scale for predicting level of reported impairment. Nonparametric methods showed levels of functioning varying significantly by site of pain complaint. Patients with back pain reported the most difficulty; those with head pain and genital pain reported the least difficulty. An internal structure appropriate to chronic pain populations was discerned, with two general factors measuring either physical-motoric or cognitive-social aspects of disability. Aside from constraints associated with the use of self-report methods, the FASQ may be helpful as part of efforts to portray pain-related disability.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1976

Height and personality characteristics of 47, XYY males in a sample of tall non-institutionalized males.

A sample of 471 enlisted men 183 cm or taller serving in the US Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps was screened for Y-chromosome aneuploidy by use of quinacrine fluorescence of peripheral blood smears. Two 47,XYY males were detected, resulting in a prevalence of 00425 or approximately 1 in 236. The prevalence of 47,XYY males (00331) in a number of samples of tall, non-institutionalized males is significantly higher than the incidence in newborn males (00061), indicating that 47,XYY males are disproportionately represented in tall male populations. The 47,XYY males had significantly higher scores than 46,XY males on the Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia+1K, and Prejudice scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and significantly lower scores on the Dominance scale. Since the probability that a randomly selected pair of subjects in the sample had four or more scale scores significantly different from the remainder of the group was greater than 05, it is possible that the differences between the 47,XYY and 46,XY males occurred by chance. On the other hand, one or more of these scales may measure personality dimensions on which non-institutionalized 47,XYY males may, in fact, differ from 46,XY males.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

MMPI-2 F scale as a predictor of acute versus chronic disorder classification.

This study examined the relation between elevation of the infrequency (F) scale on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and the classification of psychological disorders as chronic or acute in an outpatient mental health setting. MMPI-2 and clinician rating data at time of intake were considered for 158 adult patients from an outpatient clinic. The results indicate that elevation on the F scale is associated with more chronic disorders even after the influence of other variables, such as age and comorbidity of other disorders, is statistically accounted for These results are discussed in terms of the utility and incremental validity of including the F scale as part of diagnostic screening.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Friction and wear properties of polymer, metal, and ceramic prosthetic joint materials evaluated on a multichannel screening device.

A 12-channel wear screening device was used to compare the wear properties of a variety of prosthetic joint materials. Two types of tests were run: (1) Ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene bearing against metal or ceramic counterfaces and (2) various polymers bearing against 316 stainless steel as a standard counterface. Wear was quantified by weighing the polymer specimens, with presoaking and control-soak specimens used to minimize the error due to fluid absorption. The specimens were lubricated with bovine blood serum. Friction and polyethylene wear was very low with each of the metals (316 stainless steel, cobalt-chrome alloy, multiphase alloy, and titanium 6-4 alloy) such that the differences in wear rate would not be significant in terms of choosing a material for clinical application. However, titanium 6-4 alloy was found to be especially susceptible to abrasive wear by particles of acrylic cement. Nitrided titanium 6-4 counterfaces were impervious to acrylic abrasion. Polyethylene wear against highly polished, fully dense ceramics (Sialon, Alumina, Macor, and pyrolytic graphite) was as low as that with the metal counterfaces. Wear increased slightly with increasing ceramic surface roughness. The coefficient of friction of polyethylene against pyrolytic graphite was two to three times higher than with the metals or other ceramics. All of the alternate polymers underwent more wear than UHMW polyethylene. Teflon and polyester, two polymers that have proven unsuccessful in prior clinical use, had wear rates 1,600 and 830 times greater than polyethylene, respectively, an indication that the laboratory wear test provided a quantitative prediction of the behavior of the materials in vivo. However, it was difficult to assess the clinical significance of the less extreme wear rates since the ability of the tissues encapsulating a prosthesis to accomodate wear debris is not known on a quantitative basis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Compensation-seeking and extreme exaggeration of psychopathology among combat veterans evaluated for posttraumatic stress disorder.

We extended the work of Smith and Frueh (1996) by evaluating whether combat veterans classified as "extreme exaggerators" were more likely to be compensation-seeking, and to report greater levels of psychopathology across self-report instruments than "nonexaggerators." Of 119 veterans who completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) at an outpatient posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clinic, 26 (22%) and 17 (14%) were identified as extreme exaggerators using two MMPI-2 validity indicators with stringent cutoffs (F-K > or = 22; F(p) > or = 8). These veterans were much more likely to be compensation seeking and scored much higher on self-report measures of various psychological symptoms than nonexaggerators, despite having lower rates of PTSD diagnoses and similar rates of other comorbid diagnoses. Findings suggest that the validity indices of the MMPI-2 can play a critical role, as a screening instrument, in identifying veterans who may be exaggerating their psychopathology to gain disability compensation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Clinical observation of personality characteristics of perimenopausal women with undefined complaints.

Personality tests, including the Self-Rating Questionnaire for Depression (SRQ-D), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Alexithymia Scale (MMPI-AS), and the Egogram Check List (ECL) were completed by 202 perimenopausal women with undefined complaints. Patients diagnosed as having mental disorders showed SRQ-D scores of over 16 points. Patients diagnosed as having mental disorders showed MMPI-AS scores of over 13 points, which can be estimated as alexithymia. Patients experiencing climacteric disorders and the ovarian deficiency syndrome showed slightly higher MMPI-AS scores than healthy middle-aged women. The average ECL scores of patients diagnosed as having mental disorders tended to show an N-shape pattern. The findings suggest that personality tests would be helpful for screening perimenopausal women with mental disorders who are seen at outpatient gynecology clinics.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Correlations between the MMPI and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms in schizophrenic patients.

Our study examined the relationship between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS; Andreason, 1984) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS; Andreason, 1983) in patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia (n = 125). A significant correlation was found between the SAPS Delusions scale and Scale 6 (Paranoia), the SAPS Positive Thought Disorder Scale and Scale F (Infrequency), and the SAPS Positive Thought Disorder and Scale 9 (Hypomania). Additional analysis also shows, however, that severity of symptoms was the best predictor of MMPI scores. Consistent with previous studies, the MMPI appears useful for screening but not for the detailed evaluation of symptomatology of schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Psychological assessment of airline pilot applicants with the MMPI-2.

Psychological tests like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) have been used widely to assess personality characteristics and appraise potential mental health problems of individuals applying for responsible positions. This study had three major goals: First, these data allowed for an evaluation of the effects of the new norms for the traditional validity and clinical scale scores of the MMPI-2 in an employment selection program. Second, the effects that test defensiveness had on the MMPI-2 scores of a group of individuals, airline pilot applicants who were taking the test in a preemployment context, were evaluated. Third, useful descriptive information was provided on the performance of airline pilot applicants on MMPI-2 scales to give interpretive guidelines for using the MMPI-2 in psychological screening. A sample of 437 airline pilot applicants seeking employment as airline flight crew members was administered the MMPI-2. Results of the study showed that the MMPI-2 norms were more appropriate for characterizing pilot applicants than were the original MMPI norms, which tended to overpathologize test takers. The effects of defensiveness on MMPI-2 profiles were found to be pronounced. Interpretive guidelines for using the MMPI-2 in personnel screening were proposed.

Aerospace Medicine↗