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Results for “LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES”

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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Composite nasal septal graft reconstruction of the partial laryngectomized canine.

Composite nasal septal grafts provide excellent autogenous replacement tissue for the partial laryngectomy defect. The added factor of a mucosa similar to that removed appears advantageous for preservation of the airway. Arytenoid preservation or replacement tends to improve glottic rehabilitation by pseudocord formation. It is believed that the composite nasal septal graft would be of special advantage in the patient who had received previous irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blunt laryngotracheal trauma.

Management of blunt trauma to the larynx and trachea is based upon accurate assessment of the anatomic site of the injury, the tissue involved, the time since the injury, and the general status of the patient. Early and orderly diagnosis and classification result in early management, which is essential to maximize function and minimize morbidity. To evaluate the management and treatment results of patients with blunt trauma to the larynx and trachea, a retrospective study was performed. The office charts and hospital records of all patients with blunt trauma to the larynx and trachea from 1966 through 1976 were reviewed. Conditions studied included etiology of the trauma, initial signs and symptoms, pretreatment findings, management (primary and secondary), complications, and long-term results of management. Management results are discussed in comparison with reported results in the literature, and conclusions are presented regarding optimal treatment for the various classes of laryngotracheal injury.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blunt and penetrating laryngeal trauma: a 13-year review.

A 13-year retrospective review of 53 patients with laryngeal trauma seen between 1965 and 1975 at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas affiliated hospitals is presented. Patient management fell into four groups: observation following direct laryngoscopic examination or observation alone (7 patients), direct laryngoscopic examination and tracheostomy (5 patients), open reduction of fractures without stenting (14 patients), and open reduction of fractures with stenting (27 patients). These cases were analyzed according to initial signs and symptoms, duration between time of injury and surgery as pertains to success of management, indications for open reduction of laryngeal fractures, and associated injuries.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomechanical characteristics of the human trachea.

Previous experiments using mercury-in-Silastic strain gauges in dogs revealed the trachea to be a dynamic organ. The cartilaginous rings and intercartilaginous membranes are unique in adapting to the physiologic demands of respiration, deglutition, and gravity. Alterations in tracheal biomechanics following segmental tracheal resection were also documented. In the present study, a new device was used to measure the stress-strain characteristics of the human trachea. The machine can be used to measure tension across trachea rings or the entire trachea. The results of these experiments indicate that the human trachea is a complex biomechanical organ and that it responds distinctively to stress.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rheumatoid arthritis of the cricoarytenoid joints: an airway hazard.

The anesthesiologist must maintain a high index of suspicion for the presence of cricoarytenoid arthritis and vocal-cord fixation in the rheumatoid arthritic. He must be prepared to intubate the trachea blindly, attempting to minimize trauma by using a smaller endotracheal tube. Indirect laryngoscopy, or direct laryngoscopy using a fiberoptic laryngoscope, may be indicated as part of the preanesthetic evaluation. In some instances, preanesthetic tracheostomy or an alternative regional anesthetic technic may be appropriate. Unusually close vigilance in the postoperative period may be required to detect signs of postextubation airway obstruction.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed2000

Value of spiral CT in patients with cricothyroid approximation.

Cricothyroid approximation raises the vocal pitch by simulating contraction of the cricothyroid muscle with sutures. The aim of this study was to determine the role of spiral CT in patients scheduled for cricothyroid approximation. 29 transsexual patients were examined with spiral CT prior to and after laryngoplastic surgery. CT findings were correlated with phonographic findings in all patients. The average reduction of the cricothyroid distance was 6 mm (range 2-10 mm). Vocal pitch elevation was greatest in patients with the largest reduction of the cricothyroid distance. CT accurately determines the cricothyroid distance prior to and after surgery and is an ideal method for follow-up, especially in post-operative reversion towards a lower pitch. In addition, CT provides important data in determining the most appropriate extent and site of intracordal intervention to achieve a desired pitch elevation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Surgical management of bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

Fifty-five patients with bilateral abductor paralysis of the vocal cords were managed surgically from 1957 to 1973. Initially, unilateral arytenoidectomy or arytenoidopexy was employed. If this was not satisfactory, a contralateral arytenoidectomy was performed 6 to 12 months later. If the patient's airway was still inadequate, then open unilateral submucous resection of the vocal cord was accomplished. Initial management was successful in 62 patient (34/55) of patients, and 50 to 55 patients (91 percent) were eventually decannulated. Failure of the arytenoidectomy appeared to be related to traumatic etiology of the bilateral paralysis presence of previous treatment, and technical problems of the procedure itself.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Arytenoidectomy revisited.

The spectrum of disabilities attendant to laryngeal paralysis range from mild hoarseness to complete upper airway obstruction depending upon the static position of the paralyzed cord or cords. The most distressing disabilities are those of bilateral vocal cord paralysis in which both vocal folds are fixed in the midline resulting in severe upper airway obstruction. Clearly the most acceptable solution to the problem of persistent laryngeal paralysis is through the establishment of normal neuromuscular integrity by vagal repair or neural transfer techniques. While electromyographic evidence of reinnervation and some restoration of cord motion has been described, synchronous neuromuscular activity is, at best, unpredictable and generally unsuccessful. Successful reinnervation procedures depend in part on early repair and herein lies a disparity between experimental work and its clinical applicability. Given the realities of delays in diagnosis and the unpredictability of operative reinnervation of the paralyzed larynx, we rely on alternative methods of improving the compromised glottic airway consequent to bilateral recurrent nerve paralysis of the larynx. During the period 1962 through 1974, 23 patients with complete bilateral paralysis of the larynx have been treated by the posterior extralaryngeal approach originally described by Woodman. The following is a description of the operative technique utilized with technical modifications which we consider important in enhancing operative results.

Adolescent↗