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Results for “LABYRINTH DISEASES”

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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Intratemporal and intracranial complications of acute suppurative otitis media in children: renewed interest.

In recent years, a rise in the incidence of intratemporal and intracranial complications of acute otitis media (AOM) has been mentioned in the literature. Lack of a well-developed immune system and difficulties in diagnosing AOM, can account for part of the rise in the incidence of complications of purulent middle ear infections in young children. Antibiotic treatment of AOM is certainly not an absolute safeguard against the development of complications. Antibiotic therapy may have a masking effect on significant signs and symptoms of complications, causing delay in diagnosis. Myringotomy, especially in young children, should not be forgotten for drainage and to provide material for culture. Increased virulence of the causative pathogens cannot be ruled out, but to date there is no evidence suggesting it. We have to maintain a high level of clinical awareness. If there is insufficient improvement of the patient with the appropriate conservative treatment, radioimaging followed by the necessary surgical procedures should be performed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Afterimage versus photographic ocular torsionometry.

Rotation of the eyeballs about the visual axis due to head tilt, counterocular torsion, can provide information relevant to the neuro-otologic status. Measurement of these reflexive movements, however, involves several difficulties. Two methods are examined: determinations by a behavioral afterimage technique are compared with those of a photographic method in the same subjects using a test-retest format. Results indicate that both procedures yield reliable measurements, and any differences tend to be inconsistent. Thus, the faster and less expensive afterimage technique appears suitable for many clinical purposes in assessing vestibulo-ocular function.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Dizziness.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dizziness↗
PubMed1982

[Systemic disease closely related to Cogan's syndrome (author's transl)].

In a 51-year-old patient with non-syphilitic interstitial keratitis and disturbances of inner ear function (Cogan's syndrome) the course of the disease could be followed for 8 years. Organ manifestations which indicated generalised vascular disease were present in accordance with reports in the literature of this rare syndrome. In addition to multiple digital arterial occlusions, recurrent pulmonary infiltrations were observed which have not previously been described in connection with this syndrome. With the exception of the inner ear hearing loss the symptoms could be improved by systemic administration of corticosteroids and azathioprine. The patient remained free of recurrence for over three years.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Posturography measuring instability in vestibular dysfunction in the elderly.

Balance dysfunction may be a cause of falling in the elderly. Disturbance of the vestibular system may have a repercussion upon balance performance, causing instability. Unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) and its disturbing influence upon the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR), measured by the postural sway, has been studied. This influence is dependent on the interfering action of central adaptive and compensatory mechanisms. This central compensation may be different for vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the VSR. This comparative study shows that the elaboration of compensation in elderly people is less efficacious at the VSR level than at the VOR level. The influence of visual fixation is also stressed by comparing the posturographic recordings made with eyes open and eyes closed.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1979

Constant error of visual egocentric orientation in patients with acute vestibular disorder.

Errors of visual egocentric localization are well-known in patients with paresis of ocular muscles or paresis of conjugate gaze. In the present paper a series of patients with unilateral vestibular disorder disclosed a constant lateralization of the visual agocentre in the absence of any ocular paresis. The perceptual illusion is associated with an altered resting position of the eyes caused by the vestibular imbalance. The disturbance of visual, egocentric localization was revealed only after elimination of the visual frame of reference and the extent of lateralization of the visual egocentre was proportional to the degree of resting deviation of the eyes. Although the findings are of limited clinical importance they have a considerable theoretical interest. From the clinical point of view they may provide a basis for further understnading of the complex-perceptual illusions which may accompany disorders affecting central vestibulo-ocular connections. The results indicate that the perceptual effects are related to an altered central evaluation of the oculomotor programme and thus depend upon the operation of an 'efference copy'. This hypothesis is discussed with reference to earlier and current theories of visual localization.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The auditory brain stem response I-V amplitude ratio in normal, cochlear, and retrocochlear ears.

The auditory brain stem response I-V amplitude ratio was measured for 25 normal, 25 cochlear, and 25 retrocochlear ears. Results indicated that amplitude ratios of less than 1.00 seldom occurred in the normal or cochlear ears. However, 44% of the retrocochlear ears revealed an amplitude ratio of less than 1.00. Details of this analysis and discussion of the clinical implications of these results are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Inner ear decompression sickness in sport compressed-air diving.

OBJECTIVE: We report our experience over the past 12 years with recreational diving-related inner ear decompression sickness (IEDCS). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive case series. METHODS: Twenty-four divers, representing 29 cases of IEDCS, are presented with regard to evaluation, treatment, and follow-up. RESULTS: These 29 cases represent 26% of the severe decompression sickness (DCS) cases treated in that period. The patient group includes 22 divers who had a single event of IEDCS, one diver who had two events, and one with five repeated episodes. The cause of injury in 23 cases (79%) was violation of the decompression schedule. The mean time from surfacing to appearance of symptoms was 47 +/- 65 minutes. In 83%, symptoms appeared within 1 hour of ascent, in 97% within 2 hours, and in only one diver after 5.5 hours. Ten divers (34%) had pure vestibular involvement, 4 (14%) had cochlear insult alone, and 15 (52%) had combined vestibulo-cochlear injury. Except for one patient who had central as well as peripheral vestibulo-cochlear DCS, all the remaining patients had end organ involvement only, as demonstrated by physical examination and laboratory test results. Fifteen (52%) had isolated IEDCS, whereas 14 had additional symptoms of DCS. Twenty-six cases were treated by hyperbaric oxygenation with supplementary daily hyperbaric sessions. Of the 25 cases with vestibular injury and the 19 with cochlear damage, only 7 (28%) and 6 (32%), respectively, made a full recovery, whereas the others remained with residual damage. Of the 17 treated within 6 hours of symptom appearance, 9 (53%) were cured, compared with one of the 9 treated later (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: IEDCS related to compressed-air recreational diving is more common than previously thought, and might occur even when no decompression schedule violation took place. Prompt diagnosis leading to the early commencement of hyperbaric oxygen recompression therapy is the key to complete recovery of cochlear and vestibular function.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the temporal bone.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, intraoperative findings, and key histopathologic features of inflammatory pseudotumors of the temporal bone. Findings from an index case are presented, and the literature is reviewed for comparison. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: University tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Cases were identified by review of surgical specimens from the temporal bone and lateral skull base with histopathologic confirmation. A single case was identified at our institution. Nine additional cases were identified in the literature; clinical features were reviewed. INTERVENTION: Of reported cases, treatment consisted of complete surgical excision in eight cases and subtotal excision in one. The index patient underwent surgical excision with postoperative corticosteroid therapy for adjacent meningeal involvement, after histopathologic interpretation. Corticosteroids were administered to one patient with residual microscopic tumor, and external beam radiotherapy was used for residual/recurrent disease in one case. RESULTS: The lesions were typically locally aggressive with extensive bony erosion. Three cases (33%) demonstrated labyrinthine and otic capsule involvement. Four cases (44%) involved the facial nerve. Characteristic histopathologic features included fibroblastic proliferation and a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate in all cases. Mitotic figures, nuclear pleomorphism, and necrosis were rare or nonexistent. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory pseudotumors of the temporal bone are rare but aggressive lesions. Therapy should consist of surgical excision with steroids reserved for residual or intracranial disease or in patients in whom surgery is not an option. These lesions must be differentiated from other infectious, granulomatous, and neoplastic lesions on the basis of histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

Surgeon's workshop: Eighteen-year report on stapedectomy. IV. Long-term functional results.

This is the last of a series of 4 articles detailing the history of 20893 stapedectomies over an 18-year period. In this fourth part, the authors study long-term functional results in relation to the type of stapedectomy, the importance of the cochlear involvement and the general pathology, mainly vascular. The come to the conclusion that good long-term functional results imply the necessity of combining a carefully performed stapedectomy using a living tissue graft, a strict audiometric surveillance and an adequate postoperative therapy, including (if necessary) an extensive fluoride therapy.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Complicated cholesteatomas: CT findings in inner ear complications of middle ear cholesteatomas.

Patients with facial palsy and middle ear disease, which may be chronic but clinically occult, may have a cholesteatoma with extension medially along the facial canal. In two patients, axial computed tomographic (CT) scans demonstrated involvement of the medial petrous bone. Patients with vertigo and chronic middle ear disease may have a cholesteatoma with a "fistula" between the middle and inner ears. Although the fistula usually involves the lateral semicircular canal, the cholesteatoma may pass through the oval window. In two patients, coronal CT scans showed extension to the oval window in one and through it in the other.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Vestibular decruitment. A study of the phenomenon in a normal population.

Vestibular decruitment is a phenomenon characterized by the presence of less intense responses following stronger vestibular stimulation, and its presence has been considered as indicative of central vestibular pathology. In this study conducted in 24 normal individuals, with normal caloric responses, decruitment was observed in 58.3% of the cases. These decruitments were of types I and II as defined by Torok. Type III decruitment was not seen in these patients. In view of the present findings the actual meaning of the phenomenon must be investigated in larger numbers of patients with peripheral or central vestibular disorders.

Adult↗