Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Information Processing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The effects of divided attention on information processing in manual tracking.

Six subjects performed a manual tracking task concurrently uith each of two secondary tasks: in input task (auditory signal detection) and an output task (application of a constant force). A feedback-control analysis of tracking performance was utilized to analyze the time-sharing decrements observed in mean squared errer, in terms of components due to processing delay, addition of internal processing noise, and change in response bias (tracking gain). The results indicated that only the parameters measuring noise and gain were sensitive to time-sharing conditions, and these only to concurrent performance of the force application task. It is concluded that limits of attention in dual-task performance are more severe in output than in input stages of processing, but that these limits are not necessarily those of a single-channel bottleneck. Instead, a broader conception of attention is proposed: one that included changes in processing noise and shifts in response bias, as attention-related phenomena.

Attention↗
PubMed1999

Evaluating medical student searches of MEDLINE for evidence-based information: process and application of results.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of the MEDLINE instruction routinely given to all entering medical students at the University of Miami School of Medicine and the ability of students to search effectively for and retrieve evidence-based information for clinical decision making by the end of their third-year. METHODOLOGY: The authors developed and implemented a strategy for evaluating the search strategies and articles selected by third-year students, who participated in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in June 1996, 1997, and 1998, and reviewed the literature on evidence-based medicine and evaluation of medical student searches. RESULTS: A mean of 5% of the students' search strategies and a mean of 26% of articles selected were ranked "excellent" or "good"; a mean of 26% of search strategies were ranked "fair" and a mean of 69% were ranked "poor"; and a mean of 22% of articles selected were ranked "fair" and a mean of 52% were ranked "poor" based on the strategy developed to evaluate student searches. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating medical student searches for evidence-based information is an effective way of evaluating students' searching proficiency, and, in turn, the adequacy of the instruction they receive. Based on the results of the OSCE test, the school of medicine expanded the library's educational role and the library implemented major changes in the training program. Information on evidence-based medicine is now incorporated into the MEDLINE instruction. Library faculty evaluate the required searches performed by students for evidence-based information during their first and second years; 30% of students are identified for follow-up, individualized instruction based on the evaluation; and a new case-based curriculum has been proposed with a fourteen-week problem-based learning (PBL) block. These developments are timely in light of the evidence-based competencies recently published by the Association of American Medical Colleges.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Information processing in the gynecological endocrinological laboratory. Current concepts and integration strategies].

While computer applications are widely accepted in clinical chemical departments, small numbers of computer systems are used in gynecological endocrinological laboratories. Modern applications should be integrated in local area networks and clinical information systems that improve communication and data exchange within hospitals and the outer resources. Better communication may improve medical quality and will lead to a better therapy for gynecological endocrinological patients.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed2004

[Rediscovery in morphology; information processing of pathology].

20 years ago, bacilli of Helicobacter pylori were discovered, although these bacilli had been recognized before under microscope. This fact suggests that many findings are still buried in the pathological materials. Now computer technology is making remarkable progress; in addition to database software, voice recognition and virtual microscopy are available. These information technology will make possible to detect buried findings, and act as a guide to new rediscovery.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1987

Residual information processing in the neglected visual half-field.

A patient with neglect of visual half-field without hemianopia performed "same/different" interfield comparisons and named stimuli presented either unilaterally or bilaterally in the visual half-fields. With unilateral presentation he could name all stimuli in both fields, whereas with simultaneous bilateral stimulation his performance decreased to about 50% correct naming of left visual field (LVF) stimuli. This performance was not improved by cueing for the presence of LVF stimuli. Interfield comparisons were 100% correct in all conditions. It is concluded that inattention for the left hemispace in patients with visual neglect occurs whenever information in the right hemi-space attracts attention or must be consciously processed. Simple "same/different" judgements are presumably performed on a pre-attentional level and are not affected by neglect.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Psychophysiological studies of unattended information processing.

The article describes the general methods and some of the results obtained in the Psychophysiology Laboratory of the University of La Coruña. The paper covers our research on the Simon effect and accessory effect, although it is not a review of the literature. The research strategy we followed is built around the use of lateralized motor potentials recorded from scalp. These measures allow observing the way responses are selected and when they are selected, providing an invaluable tool to study response interference and to split reaction time into two halves. The research on the Simon effect concludes that interference during response selection is critical in the Simon effect but it is dubious whether this process should be considered as automatic and stimulus-driven, as is widely accepted. The experiments with the accessory effect indicate that facilitation is produced before response selection is over, which ends a long controversy about the locus of the accessory effect.

Contingent Negative Variation↗
PubMed1982

Computational and noncomputational clinical information processing by computer.

Computers have been used in their computational as well as noncomputational modes for the scientific study of the clinical decision making. As computational tools, computers serve as storage devices for hospital file data so that these data can be analyzed statistically for a large variety of epidemiological and diagnostic purposes. As noncomputational devices, computers are functioning as knowledgable medical teachers that interface with students who can query the system. In this mode, computers are sometimes used as consultants to clinicians who need information on technical topics. Noncomputational computers are also used to simulate the inferences of clinicians. Byproducts of these simulations are computer programs that become formal statements or theories of the decision processes under investigation.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1992

A prototype radiation oncology clinical information processing system on a personal computer (network).

Software has been developed that facilitates prospective computer entry of the clinical contents of a radiation oncology chart in a way that assists in retrospective analyses. This software, which has been operational since 1988, now contains detailed clinical information on over 500 patients treated since that time, and limited information on over 3000 children treated since 1970. The system has been programmed using the FoxPro database management system, and may be run on an IBM compatible or Macintosh personal computer either alone or in a networked environment. Information is transcribed as routine patient dictations that require no extra personnel for entry. Standard printouts are the conventional notes compatible with the existing paper chart. Exportation of patient records is facilitated by means of built-in facsimile. The software has been designed to generate detailed reports automatically, including the statuses of selected patients or groups, lists of those who are behind in follow-up, and reports of specific events (e.g., mucositis) that occur before, during, or after therapy using free-text searches. Complete reconstruction of the patient's clinical radiation oncology chart is also included. Other abilities include calculation of Kaplan-Meier survival, relapse-free survival, and local control rates, statistical comparison between survival curves, and radiation dose-response. Exportation of data to statistical and graphics packages is also possible. For pediatric patients, a program to predict stature loss has been incorporated. Use of this system can enhance one's ability not only to follow patients but also to monitor and report their outcome continually. With the need to report institutional experiences and increasing demands to monitor quality assurance, such a system can be of great benefit.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1988

Lormetazepam, memory and information processing: a review.

A review was made of the literature exploring the psychopharmacology of lormetazepam. Results from studies show that there can be a general hangover the morning following nocturnal doses of 2 mg. Findings from more recent work have shown that the 1.5 mg dose can disrupt retrieval of information from short-term memory. Lormetazepam 1 mg has no residual sedative effects. A daytime psychopharmacodynamic study showed lormetazepam 1-2 mg to have no disruptive effects 5 h after drug intake.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed2004

The relationship of three cortical regions to an information-processing model.

This research tests a model of the computational role of three cortical regions in tasks like algebra equation solving. The model assumes that there is a left parietal region-of-interest (ROI) where the problem expression is represented and transformed, a left prefrontal ROI where information for solving the task is retrieved, and a motor ROI where hand movements to produce the answer are programmed. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of an abstract symbol-manipulation task was performed to articulate the roles of these three regions. Participants learned to associate words with instructions for transforming strings of letters. The study manipulated the need to retrieve these instructions, the need to transform the strings, and whether there was a delay between calculation of the answer and the output of the answer. As predicted, the left parietal ROI mainly reflected the need for a transformation and the left prefrontal ROI the need for retrieval. Homologous right ROIs showed similar but weaker responses. Neither the prefrontal nor the parietal ROIs responded to delay, but the motor ROI did respond to delay, implying motor rehearsal over the delay. Except for the motor ROI, these patterns of activity did not vary with response hand. In an ACT-R model, it was shown that the activity of an imaginal buffer predicted the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response of the parietal ROI, the activity of a retrieval buffer predicted the response of the prefrontal ROI, and the activity of a manual buffer predicted the response of the motor ROI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Current responsibility of information processing in gynecology].

Rapid development and innovative research in medical computer science influences physicians work. Not only new hardware but also network implementation changed the way of decision making techniques in medicine. The main reason for acceptance and distribution of the internet is the possibility to present information in a reasonable and contemporary way. A self-labeling of medical information by web authors and systematic critical appraisal of health-related internet information by third parties may help to filter harmful health information and to positively identify and select high quality information. The German Work Group for Information Technologies in Gynecology and Obstetrics (AIG) informs physicians about health care issues related to computer science.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2004

Information processing in a neuron ensemble with the multiplicative correlation structure.

The present study investigates the performance of population codes when the fluctuations in neural activity have mutual correlation with strength being proportional to the neuronal firing rate (multiplicative noise). The neural field is used to calculate the Fisher information, which is decomposed in two parts, one due to the tuning function and spatial correlation, and the other due to the multiplicative structure. Their different characteristics are studied. The paper also investigates three types of maximum likelihood method, namely, decoding by using faithful and unfaithful models and the Center of Mass strategy, and compares their performances in terms of decoding accuracy and computational complexity.

Models, Neurological↗