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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Acute tuberculous perforation of the small bowel during antituberculosis therapy.

An acute, free perforation of a tuberculous ileal lesion occurred in a 25-year-old man during antituberculous therapy. The increasing incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and the rarity of some of the related symptoms and complications, as presented by this patient, emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis. This case report also points out the importance of obtaining endoscopic biopsy material for bacterial culture, even if an apparently normal mucosa is seen, for the diagnosis of tuberculous intestinal disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Expression of MHC antigens by intestinal epithelial cells. Effect of transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2).

The effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and TGF-beta 2 on expression of MHC antigens by the human intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 was examined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Untreated HT-29 cells constitutively expressed HLA-ABC but little HLA-DR. Expression of both molecules was increased by IFN-gamma (100 U/ml, 24 h). TGF-beta 2 at concentrations > or = 0.5 ng/ml given before or simultaneously with IFN-gamma, inhibited the IFN-induced expression of HLA-DR. Small increases in HLA-ABC expression by IFN-gamma were further increased by pretreatment with TGF-beta 2, while a strong induction of HLA-ABC was inhibited by the TGF-beta 2 pretreatment. Our results suggest that the inhibitory action of the TGF-beta 2 on both HLA-ABC and HLA-DR correlates with the degree of induction following IFN-gamma treatment. Since TGF-beta 2 is present in milk and is produced by gut epithelial cells, one of its possible functions may be to regulate expression of HLA antigens in the neonatal intestine and/or diseased intestine.

Flow Cytometry↗
PubMed1989

The evaluation of spleen function in man.

The usual methods for the functional evaluation of the spleen in man are based on the measurement of a) spleen volume, b) spleen uptake of particles from the circulating blood, and c) morphological abnormalities of circulating erythrocytes. Analysis of clearance curves of damaged autologous erythrocytes, measurement of spleen size or volume by scintillation scanning and counting of erythrocytes with pits by interference contrast microscopy at present are the most widely used techniques. The most frequent causes of acquired functional abnormalities of the spleen are the sickle cell diseases, inflammatory intestinal diseases, immune complex diseases, chronic myelogenous leukemia, irradiation, hemophilia, and the hyposplenism of newborn infants and of the elderly. Usually there is a parallelism enlarged or normal-sized spleen with decreased function, has been observed in sickle cell syndromes and occasionally in chronic myelogenous leukemia and hemophilia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Intestinal Behçet disease: serial changes at radiography.

To clarify the characteristic radiographic findings and serial radiographic changes in nonsurgical cases of intestinal Behçet disease (BD), seven patients were followed up for an average of 4 1/2 years (range, 8 months to 11 years 4 months). They underwent repeated examination with barium meal studies and double-contrast barium enema meal studies and double-contrast barium enema radiography. Initial radiography revealed one to three deep ulcers in the terminal ileum or ileocecal region in five patients. The ulcers healed while patients were treated with medical therapy but recurred during the follow-up period. In four of these five patients, follow-up radiography demonstrated various changes within each case: At each examination, an enlarged ulcer or a newly developed ulcer was often found in conjunction with a healed ulcer. In the other two patients, multiple shallow ulcers or innumerable aphthoid ulcers were seen throughout the entire colon, and these ulcers showed a good response to medical treatment. These results indicate that serial radiographic changes in patients with intestinal BD may mimic those in patients with Crohn disease, with findings in the terminal ileum and colon that wax and wane with medical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Small-bowel endoscopy.

Up-to-date, small-intestinal endoscopy has been developed along three main lines (a push-type fiberscope, a rope-way-type fiberscope, and a sonde-type fiberscope), and each fiberscope has both merits and demerits. We can observe small-intestinal diseases sufficiently, wherever they arise int he small intestine, with a suitable scope, chosen according to the shape of the lesions or the location in the small intestine. Now we have a basis for the correct diagnosis of small-intestinal diseases in using three types of fiberscopes. Further advances in recent enteroscopy are the application in pediatric enteroscopy, endoscopic surgery for polyps of the small intestine, magnifying enteroscopy and so on. Further problems in enteroscopy are how to utilize it for studies of pathophysiology of the small intestine and how to improve its technique to make it easier.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Inflammation does not decrease intraluminal pH in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

Intestinal inflammation may influence intraluminal pH. Profiles of the gastrointestinal pH were evaluated in 15 patients with active Crohn's disease of the ileocecal area. In addition, five patients with moderate (1) or severe (4) ulcerative colitis were studied. Fifteen healthy subjects served as controls. Intraluminal pH of the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract was measured by a free-floating pH-sensitive telemetering capsule. A metal sphere was attached to the capsule for exact localization by a metal detector. Physiological patterns of pH were maintained throughout the gastrointestinal tract including the inflamed segments. Median pH in the terminal ileum of the patients with Crohn's disease was 7.5 vs. 7.7 and in the rectum in ulcerative colitis 7.8 vs. 7.2 in the controls. In conclusion, intraluminal pH is not decreased by inflammatory changes in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, allowing eudragit-coated pH-controlled-release formulations of mesalazine to dissolve in diseased areas also.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed2007

Reduced endothelin converting enzyme-1 and endothelin-3 mRNA in the developing bowel of male mice may increase expressivity and penetrance of Hirschsprung disease-like distal intestinal aganglionosis.

Hirschsprung disease (distal intestinal aganglionosis, HSCR) is a multigenic disorder with incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, and a strong male gender bias. Recent studies demonstrated that these genetic patterns arise because gene interactions determine whether enteric nervous system (ENS) precursors successfully proliferate and migrate into the distal bowel. We now demonstrate that male gender bias in the extent of distal intestinal aganglionosis occurs in mice with Ret dominant-negative mutations (RetDN) that mimic human HSCR. We hypothesized that male gender bias could result from reduced expression of a gene already known to be essential for ENS development. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) we demonstrated reduced levels of endothelin converting enzyme-1 and endothelin-3 mRNA in the male mouse bowel at the time that ENS precursors migrate into the colon. Other HSCR-associated genes are expressed at comparable levels in male and female mice. Testosterone and Mullerian inhibiting substance had no deleterious effect on ENS precursor development, but adding EDN3 peptide to E11.5 male RetDN heterozygous mouse gut explants in organ culture significantly increased the rate of ENS precursor migration through the bowel.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Crohn's disease and intestinal carcinoma. A report of 11 cases with emphasis on associated epithelial dysplasia.

Eleven patients with intestinal carcinoma complicating Crohn's disease are reported. In the 4 patients with small intestinal carcinoma, carcinomas were poorly differentiated or signet-ring cell type in 3 cases and mucinous type in 1 case. All 4 patients had high-grade dysplasia in the mucosa immediately adjacent to the carcinoma only. In the 7 patients with colonic carcinoma, tumors were mucinous type in 3, signet-ring cell type in 1, and well or moderately differentiated in 3. Dysplasia could be assessed in 6 patients. In 4 patients it was both adjacent to and distant from the invasive carcinoma. This distant dysplasia was focal in 2 cases. One patient showed dysplasia adjacent to the carcinoma only and in 1 other patient no dysplasia was seen. In a comparison group, all 7 cases of carcinoma associated with ulcerative colitis showed dysplasia adjacent to and distant from the invasive carcinomas. The authors conclude that (a) associated dysplasia is prevalent enough in Crohn's disease-associated carcinomas to support a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and (b) dysplasia is more limited with carcinoma in Crohn's disease than ulcerative colitis, and this may make dysplasia less useful as a cancer surveillance marker in Crohn's disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗