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PubMed2003

Artificial insemination with frozen epididymal sperm in cats.

Artificial insemination with frozen cauda epididymal sperm was performed in cats. Sperm were transmigrated from the epididymides in 10 male cats. The mean sperm motility and viability were 67% and 82.5%, respectively, and 11.6 x 10(7) sperm were recovered. The mean sperm motility after thawing was 24.0%. Eleven female cats received unilateral intrauterine insemination of 5 x 10(7) sperm, and the conception rate was 27.3% (3/11). This was the first case of conception obtained with frozen epididymal sperm in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Relationship between the sperm count and the fertilization rate of ova ovulated from the contralateral ovary in intrauterine horn insemination in cats.

Unilateral intrauterine horn insemination (UIUI) was carried out in cats, and we investigated the fertilization rate of ova ovulated from the contralateral ovary. Various numbers of sperm were used to inseminate the uterine horn on the side where ovulation was inhibited. The rates of conception were 1/11 (9.1%), 2/11 (18.2%), and 5/7 (71.4%) in the 2 x 10(6), 4 x 10(6), and 8 x 10 (6) groups, respectively. Furthermore, the fertilization rate was 70.7% in the 8 x 10(6) group. Thus, ova ovulated from the contralateral ovary were not fertilized or the fertilization rate was low in some cats even when UIUI was performed with a large number of sperm.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A trial of intrauterine insemination using a fiberscope in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

An intrauterine insemination technique using a fiberscope was investigated in the giant panda. A septal wall was present about 5 cm from the vulva, the external urethral orifice was present in the ventral region, and the entrance (pseudocervix) to the vagina was present in the dorsal region. The uterovaginal region protruded in the dorsal region about 15 cm from the pseudocervix. The external uterine orifice was present in the uterovaginal region, revealing that intrauterine insemination can be easily performed. This technique may greatly contribute to artificial reproduction of the giant panda.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Secrecy, anonymity, and deception in donor insemination: a genetic, psycho-social and ethical critique.

The number of medically assisted conceptions involving donors is increasing. At the same time, due to advances in medicine, greater emphasis has been placed on an individual's genetic origins. This trend places individuals who have no access to information on their genetic origins in a vulnerable position. Because of the secrecy and anonymity that has surrounded donor inseminations, many individuals who were so conceived are irreversibly cut off from any possible contact with or even knowledge about their genetic fathers, who will also never have the opportunity to meet their offspring. In view of the accumulated evidence concerning the detrimental effect of secrecy, anonymity and deception in donor insemination, this paper argues that these practices are not only psychologically and socially harmful but also ethically unacceptable.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed2002

[The importance of the physician after successful artificial insemination by donor].

A treatment by artificial insemination by donor because of male infertility represents a drastic experience for the affected couples. Imaginations concerning the importance of the anonymous donor or the physician were already picked out as a central theme in the past. In some studies, for example, these imaginations were thought to have an adverse effect on the satisfaction in the partnership as well as for the development of the child. Aim of the examination on hand was the current meaning of the treating physician six years after treatment and his position in the self-system of the couples concerned. 15 successful couples could be examined by Repertory Grid method. The results of this study showed, that the physician had no prominent meaningfulness for the couples six years after the therapy. In the analysis of the self-system of the couples, gender specific differences could be seen. In the self-system of the treated women, the physician had a position close to their self and their ideal-self. This position was influenced by the self-esteem of the women. A higher self-esteem was associated with a greater closeness to the physician as well as to their partner. The analysis of the self-esteem of the affected men showed a completely different pattern. The greater the self-esteem of the male patients, the greater the devaluation of the physician, which showed in a greater distance to their ideal-self. The gender specific perceptions of the inseminating physician can be interpreted as specific adaptations to different coping requirements.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Fertility of dairy cattle after artificial insemination with semen frozen in a lipoprotein diluent.

A lipoprotein separated from egg yolk by centrifugation and column chromatography was used to prepare a diluent containing 2-9% trisodium citrate. 2H2O (pH 7-0) and 7% glycerol. Ejaculates from Friesian bulls were split between this and two control diluents containing egg yolk, glycerol and citrate or lactose and used to inseminate once 1782 unselected Friesian cows. By 16 weeks after insemination with semen frozen in the egg yolk-lactose, egg yolk-citrate or lipoprotein-citrate diluents, 66-4, 67-1 and 66-1% of cows, respectively, had not returned to service.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Fertilization following mixed insemination with 'cervix-selected' and 'unselected' spermatozoa in the rabbit.

The possible selection of spermatozoa for fertilization by the female genital tract was investigated using genetically homogeneous, numerically adjusted 'cervix-selected' and 'unselected' rabbit spermatozoa. Samples of spermatozoa were marked by 15 min exposure to 1.3 mg TEPA/ml and then washed for 15 min. TEPA-treated and control samples were inseminated alternately into the vagina (= 'cervix-selected') or uterine horns (= 'unselected') of prospective donors. After 6 h spermatozoa were recovered from the uterine horns of the donors. Equal numbers of 'selected' and 'unselected' spermatozoa were inseminated either into the uterine horns (24 does) or oviducts (25 does) of recipients. The fertilization rates were 48 and 72%, respectively. Significantly more eggs were fertilized by untreated than by TEPA-treated spermatozoa. Almost identical fertilization rates, however, were observed between 'cervix-selected' and 'unselected' spermatozoa. It is concluded, therefore, that in the rabbit no selection of (preincubated) spermatozoa for fertilization takes place at the cervical level.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Fate of turkey spermatozoa after intrainfundibular and intramagnal inseminations.

About 92% of the spermatozoa recovered after intrainfundibular inseminations of turkey hens were in the infundibulum and 6% in the magnal segments 24 h later. Of the spermatozoa recovered after intramagnal inseminations, about 67% were in the infundibulum, 26% in the magnal segments, and a total of about 8% in the isthmus, uterus, and vagina. It is suggested that spermatozoa in the infundibulum and magnum are not transported in significant numbers in an abovarian direction.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hormonal and behavioural detection of oestrus in blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra, and successful artificial insemination with fresh and frozen semen.

Hormonal detection of urinary pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide proved an effective method of monitoring the progress of oestrous cycles in the blackbuck; observation of sexual behaviour in a vasectomized male was, however, a more practical procedure. Good correlation was observed between the occurrence of minimal pregnanediol concentrations in females and the maximal behavioural response by the male. On the basis of intervals between periods of behaviourally detected oestrus, a mean cycle length of 16.9 days (+/- 0.62, s.e.m.) was derived from 12 cycles (4 animals). Eleven females were inseminated in this study, 8 with freshly collected semen and 3 with frozen semen; 6 calves were obtained, 1 after the use of frozen semen. Pregnancy was monitored by measurements of pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide excretion and by ultrasound scanning. The mean interval between insemination and parturition was 183.3 days inclusive, ranging from 182 to 186 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Comparative semen cryopreservation in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) and pregnancies after laparoscopic intrauterine insemination with frozen-thawed spermatozoa.

A study was conducted to determine an optimum technique for semen cryopreservation and the biological competence of frozen-thawed ferret spermatozoa. Fifty-two fresh electroejaculates from 4 males were evaluated for sperm percentage motility, forward progressive motility, motility index (SMI) and acrosomal integrity. To determine the optimum temperature for maintaining sperm motility in vitro and the influence of glycerol on sperm motility, seminal aliquants were diluted in TEST diluent (containing either 0 or 4% glycerol) and maintained at 25 degrees or 37 degrees C. For cryopreservation, semen was diluted in each of 3 cryodiluents (TEST, PDV, BF5F), cooled for 30 min at 5 degrees C and pelleted on solid CO2 or frozen in 0.25 ml straws (20 degrees C/min to -100 degrees C). Following thawing, SMI and acrosomal integrity were determined. Ten females with maximum vulval swelling were given 90 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin and laparoscopically inseminated in utero with spermatozoa previously frozen using the optimum diluent and freeze-thaw method. The maintenance temperature of 25 degrees C was superior (P less than 0.05) to 37 degrees C for sustaining sperm motility, and glycerol did not influence (P greater than 0.05) motility for up to 11 h of culture. After thawing, motile spermatozoa were recovered in all treatment groups, but sperm motility and normal acrosomal ratings were highest using the PDV diluent, the pelleting method and thawing at 37 degrees C (P less than 0.05). Seven of the 10 ferrets (70%) inseminated with spermatozoa frozen by this approach became pregnant and produced 31 kits (mean litter size 4.4; range 1-9 kits).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Artificial insemination of red deer (Cervus elaphus) with frozen-thawed wapiti semen.

Semen collected from wapiti (Cervus elaphus) in Canada in 1983 was frozen in two extenders. In 1988, the semen was used to inseminate 200 red deer hinds on 2 farms in New Zealand. Oestrus was synchronized in the hinds with progesterone-impregnated intravaginal devices (CIDR); 200 iu pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin was given to each hind on Day 11. The CIDRs were removed on Day 12 at 20/h, as the numbers of the hinds were recorded. On Day 14, 54-56 h after CIDR removal, the hinds were brought into the yards in the same batches and laparoscopically inseminated. Semen from three sires was used. The overall conception rate was 51%. Gestation length ranged from 239 to 247 days. One hind was lost at calving, 3 calves had to be hand raised and there were 2 neonatal calf deaths.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Mating behaviour and insemination in the hopping mouse (Notomys alexis).

Hopping mice have extremely small testes and a reduced complement of male accessory sex glands. Nevertheless, greater than 1000 spermatozoa populate the isthmus of the oviduct after each insemination and a range of morphological types is found similar to that in the male tract. When females are primed with gonadotrophins they sometimes lock with more than one of the males within the group and in the present study two inseminations sometimes took place at the one oestrus. There is thus the possibility for intermale sperm competition within the female tract of these animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Gonadotrophin dose and timing of anaesthesia for laparoscopic artificial insemination in the puma (Felis concolor).

Ovarian response to equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), the effect of timing of anaesthesia relative to hCG injection and the use of laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination were examined in the puma (Felis concolor). In Expt 1, females were treated with 100 (n = 6) or 200 (n = 8) IU eCG (i.m.) followed 80 h later by 100 IU hCG (i.m.) and were then anaesthetized 40-43 h after hCG injection for ovarian assessment. Although there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the number of unovulated ovarian follicles, females treated with 200 IU eCG had more (P < 0.05) corpora lutea per female and more corpora lutea as a percentage of the total number of ovarian structures. In Expt 2, all females were treated with 200 IU eCG and 80 h later with 100 IU hCG, and then anaesthetized either 31-39 h (Group A; n = 8) or 41-50 h (Group B; n = 6) after hCG injection for ovarian assessment. All Group B pumas ovulated compared with only three (37.5%) Group A females (P < 0.05). Compared with Group A, Group B pumas had more corpora lutea per female, more corpora lutea as a percentage of the total number of ovarian structures, and fewer unovulated follicles (P < 0.05). One of nine post-ovulatory females laparoscopically inseminated in utero with 16 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa became pregnant and delivered a healthy cub.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed2004

Use of parentage testing to determine optimum insemination time and culture media for oocyte transfer in mares.

Parentage identification was used to test the developmental competence of oocytes cultured under different conditions and fertilized in vivo after oocyte transfer. Oocytes were collected transvaginally from follicles of estrous mares approximately 22 h after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. Oocytes were cultured for approximately 16 h in one of three media, with or without addition of hormones and growth factors. Groups of three or four oocytes, cultured in different media, were transferred into the oviduct contralateral to a recipient's own ovulation. Recipients were inseminated with semen from two different stallions at 15 h before and 2.5 h after oocyte transfer. Sixteen days after transfer, embryos were recovered from uteri and submitted for parentage testing. The percentage of oocytes resulting in embryonic vesicles was nearly identical (P >0.05) for transferred oocytes (32/44, 73%) versus ovulated oocytes of recipients (9/13, 69%). More (P <0.01) oocytes were fertilized by sperm inseminated before (35/38, 92%) versus after (3/38, 8%) oocyte transfer. Tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 was superior to equine maturation medium I (EMMI; a SOF-based medium) for culturing oocytes (P <0.05), although addition of hormones and growth factors during culture did not improve (P >0.05) development of embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The artificial fecundation in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) by induced ovulation and artificial insemination in nonmating season].

Induced ovulation trials by PMSG-hCG administration were conducted in eleven female Japanese monkeys showing neither bleeding nor ovulation in nonmating season. The ovulation was confirmed by the laparoscopic observation in nine of the 11 females. Artificial inseminations were performed in these 9 females by the injection of semen collected by the penile electrode approach. The semen was injected into the uterine cervix in 6 females or the uterine cavity in 3 females. A gestational sac was confirmed on the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 19 days after ovulation in one of the 3 females inseminated into the uterine cavity. The pregnancy, however, could not be maintained.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effect of La Crosse virus infection on insemination rates in female Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Aedes triseriatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) females orally infected with La Crosse virus after ingesting an infectious bloodmeal were compared for mating efficiency with females that ingested a noninfectious bloodmeal. After 14-d extrinsic incubation to allow for dissemination of the infection, all females were offered a second noninfectious bloodmeal and were placed in cages with age-matched males for 5 d. After 6 d, insemination rates were determined by detection of sperm in the spermathecae. Insemination rates of the La Crosse virus-infected females were significantly greater than in uninfected females.

Aedes↗
PubMed1992

Methods of semen preparation for intrauterine insemination and subsequent pregnancy rates.

Semen for insemination, either intrauterine or in vitro, must be prepared to remove seminal plasma products and/or select the healthier population of sperm prior to use. Traditionally, a double wash technique is performed, with or without subsequent swim-up to isolate the motile fraction if necessary. More recently, the use of the SperPrep filtration method has gained acceptance, with the benefits of removal of leukocytes and seminal debris from the specimen as well as enhancement of overall sperm quality. In the current study we compared the traditional double wash method without the swim-up to Sperm-Prep filtration. Intrauterine inseminations (IUI's) were performed in 307 cycles on 148 infertile couples at two different infertility centers in the USA. After complete diagnostic evaluation the couples were offered IUI before proceeding to any other form of assisted reproductive technologies. Semen samples were prepared in human tubal fluid media supplemented with 5% human serum albumin (HSA; location 1) or in Ham's F-10 media supplemented with 3% HSA (location 2), either with the SpermPrep filtration method (ZBL, Inc., Lexington, KY 40523, USA) or the double sperm wash (SW) procedure. Similar sperm numbers were used for the IUI procedure in both treatment groups and locations. The Sperm-Prep method resulted in significantly higher pregnancy rates (PR) than the SW procedure, independent of location. The clinical pregnancy rates per cycle were statistically lower (p < 0.05) in the SW group (20-22% vs. 9-10%). Of significant clinical importance, almost twice as many cycles were required in the SW group to achieve these pregnancies when compared to the SpermPrep group of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Semen collection and artificial insemination in the common piping guan (Pipile cumanensis cumanensis): potential applications for Cracidae (Aves: Galliformes).

The common piping guan (Pipile cumanensis cumanensis) is serving as a model for assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) in Cracidae (Aves: Galliformes). Manual collection methods used in domestic birds and other exotics were modified to optimize quality and quantity of fresh semen samples. In addition, a method to subjectively assess semen quality on the basis of its color, clarity, and consistency was developed to serve as a tool when laboratory equipment is not available. In a species where only two eggs per clutch is typical, predictability of the date of the first egg is critical to ensure adequate inseminations before oviposition. An increase in both the distance between the female's pubic bones and degree of abdominal swelling indicated optimal time to initiate artificial insemination (AI) and allowed the number of semen samples used to fertilize the first egg in the clutch to be minimized while ensuring its fertility. In three separate AI trials, a total of four fertile eggs were produced, a first for cracids. Two of the four fertile eggs hatched successfully, and the chicks' parentages were confirmed using DNA fingerprinting. This study represents the first published account of the use of ARTs in Cracidae and forms the basis for future developments (e.g., AI of frozen-thawed semen) aimed at optimizing genetic management of cracids in ex situ breeding programs.

Animals↗