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PubMed1975

Distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in the Napu Valley of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Fifteen colonies of Oncomelania hupensis were found near trails transecting the North Lore District, Napu Valley, Central Sulawesi. Habitats were in abandoned rice fields, uncultivated grazing areas for livestock, roadside ditches and, in one case, an actively worked rice field. Marsh grasses, Ischaemum barbatum and Laersia hexandra, were the most common plants in oncomelanid habitats. Other mollusks found in association with O. hupensis were Radix sp., Melanoides sp., Gyraulus sp., Idiopoma sp., Thiara sp., Opeas sp. and Indopyrgus sp. in that order of frequency. Schistosoma japonicum cercariae, as determined by mouse exposures, were shed from snails collected at four foci. In Sulawesi, O. hupensis and S. japonicum were found in high mountain valleys near, or above, 1,000 meters in elevation. Oncomelania hupensis, however, were not found in what appeared to be suitable habitats at lower elevations in the same drainage systems.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Malaria past and present: the case of North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

The incidence and impact of malaria in North Sulawesi have declined both in the short term during the 1990s, and over a much longer timespan (though perhaps less continuously) since the end of the colonial period. The improvement already seems to have been well underway before deliberate vector control activities became extensive in the second half of the 1970s, and environmental changes affecting the Anopheles mosquito fauna, in particular the replacement of primary and secondary forest by permanent farmland, are probably the principal reasons for the long-term trend; other possible factors include the increasing use of antimalarial drugs. The well-documented decline in malaria incidence over the years 1991-1997, nevertheless, probably reflects the unprecedented scale of residual insecticide spraying in the province during that period, while the slight resurgence of the disease in the last three years corresponds to the subsequent cessation of house spraying as a result of the current economic crisis. Despite the evident importance of environmental change as a factor ameliorating the malaria situation in the long term, experience from the colonial era suggests that the prospects for deliberate environmental management (species sanitation) as an alternative malaria control strategy are poor.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Complementary feeding patterns in Pondok Labu, South Jakarta, Indonesia.

This paper explores the sociocultural aspects in the reasons mothers gave for terminating exclusive breastfeeding. These sociocultural aspects were anticipated to influence the variance between actual breastfeeding practice and the current recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding. The complementary feeding patterns and the reasons for introducing complementary foods were assessed using a dietary recall called the Food Choice Map, in a sample of 40 mothers living in a sub-district of South Jakarta. The results showed that the most common reason for introducing first foods in this study was 'insufficient breastmilk'. The influential social factors, including parents, friends and medical professionals were identified. The feeding pattern of the infants in the first six months was highly variable, and commercial baby food was frequently used. We suggest that, even though current exclusive breastfeeding recommendations are beneficial, their promotion should be more sensitive to the social reality of the mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Appendicitis in an urban community of North Celebes, Indonesia.

In a study of 220 cases of appendicitis among inhabitants of the city of Menado, no relationship could be established between incidence and any social class. This might be due to the uniformity in food habits, all classes consuming a fair amount of proteins, estimated at 1 g/kg bodyweight. There were no children in our study material; appendicitis in children is rarely met in the area. There was a high incidence among young women and women over 45 years. A short meso-appendix was found in 72% of the removed appendices, a retrocoecal position of the appendix in 60% of cases. In nearly all the acute forms of appendicitis, the appendix was eight cm or longer. Since histopathological signs of inflammation were present in 215 of the examined specimens, we think it justifiable to perform an appendectomy in cases with recurrent lower abdominal complaints.

Adolescent↗