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PubMedDate not supplied

Documenting environmental factors for preventing the handicap creation process: Quebec contributions relating to ICIDH and social participation of people with functional differences.

This article presents the conceptual origins and the usefulness of an holistic model, stressing the role of environmental determinants in the performance of day-to-day activities and the fulfilment of social roles by persons with disabilities. The Quebec Committee on ICIDH contribution to the development of knowledge on the clarification of the relationship of disabled individual-environment and the understanding of the handicap creation process in relation with ICIDH experimentations is presented. Finally, on the basis of anthropological social research conducted in Quebec, the article illustrates a methodology for environmental analysis of the handicap situations of disabled clients in rehabilitation and social integration support programmes.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Video-based documentation and rating system of the motor behaviour of handicapped children treated with physiotherapy--a new outcome measure.

PURPOSE: Development of an instrument to measure modifications of motor quality in handicapped children receiving physiotherapy. METHODS: A video-based documentation method of motor behaviour in children from 0 to 3 years receiving physiotherapy was elaborated, consisting of a standardized set of scenes (script) and a rating procedure concerning different categories of motor behaviour such as coordination, stability and effort. RESULTS: The construction of the script and the rating system proved to be sensitive in documenting and evaluating the motor behaviour of handicapped children receiving physiotherapy. A good inter-rater reliability of 0.85 was obtained. The chosen rating categories represent two independent factors: One relating more to the motor functions (motor component) and the other relating to the psycho-social aspects of movement (interactive component). CONCLUSION: The instrument allows to evaluate the quality aspects of movement. They can be observed in motor behaviour regardless of which function is being executed and may develop in a different pace and at different stages of therapy than specific motor functions such as turning, sitting or walking. The instrument is intended to complement a standard neurological examination and the application of motor function tests, especially, to evaluate therapeutic outcomes.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Intestinal parasite infections at an institution for the handicapped in Korea.

Stool and cellotape anal swab examinations were carried out in August 1997 on handicapped people at an institution located in Chorwon-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea. A total of 112 stool samples (78 males and 34 females) revealed three cases of Trichuris trichiura infection and one case of Enterobius vermicularis infection. Other helminth eggs were not detected. The overall prevalence rate was 35.7% (38.5% for males and 29.4% for females). More than two different kinds of parasites were found in 42.0% of the positive stool samples (17 cases). The infection rates for protozoan cysts are as follow: Entamoeba coli (25.0%), E. histolytica (1.8%), Endolimax nana (21.4%), Iodoamoeba bütschlii (1.8%) and Giardia lamblia (0.9%). In cellotape anal swab examinations (165 samples), the prevalence rate of E. vermicularis was 20.6% (25.7% of males and 9.6% of females). In conclusion, the handicapped people in the institution showed higher infection rates of protozoan parasites and E. vermicularis, possibly due to more accessibility to the infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Caring between nursing students and physically/mentally handicapped children: a phenomenological study.

Advanced technology has increased the life expectancy to age 20 for most chronically ill children. Consequently, nurses will be encountering an increasing number of physically and mentally handicapped children. Nursing students' discovery of the meaning of caring with exceptional children will help prepare them for interactions with these special children during their nursing careers. A phenomenological study was undertaken to explore 36 nursing students' caring experiences with physically and mentally handicapped children. Van Kaam's phenomenological methodology was used to analyze the data. Sharing the findings of this phenomenological study with nursing students is one approach faculty can use to help reduce their anxiety regarding upcoming clinical rotations with exceptional children.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Technology in the education of multiply-handicapped children.

The number of technical aids now available has allowed severely multiply-handicapped children to better participate in their education. Project TEACH (Technical-Educational Aids for Children with Handicaps), a 3-year early childhood demonstration project of the Federal Office of Education, provided ten children with seating systems, mobility aids, feeding devices, and augmentative communication aids. The children's performance of academic, motor, daily living, and communication skills as they relate to their educational program is reported as well as the model used to deliver technical services in an educational environment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

Therapeutic programming for students with severe handicaps.

Therapeutic methods that use facilitation and inhibition to alter dysfunctional patterns of movement were implemented in children with multiple handicaps within educational settings. Desired movement patterns such as reach and manipulation skills were performed by students throughout the classroom day and across a variety of contextual uses. Data collected on several students indicated that more normal patterns of movement were attained at more rapid rates where students were provided the opportunity to practice the desired movement more frequently. Successful contextual programming depends on accurate and consistent implementation of therapeutic methods by all individuals who come in contact with a student. The therapist must identify the targeted movement pattern, determine appropriate intervention procedures, and train others to implement the procedures accurately. While such an approach shows promise as a means of developing function movement patterns with severely handicapped children, the increased opportunities to practice appropriate movement enhance the effectiveness of direct therapy but do not necessarily replace required individual intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effects of adaptive seating devices on the eating and drinking of children with multiple handicaps.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of adaptive seating on oral-motor functioning as it relates to eating and drinking in 11 children with multiple handicaps between the ages of 1 and 4 years. An assessment instrument with a behavioral base was used for the seven direct observations of each child's motor behavior. During the first and last visit the parent or guardian filled out a pre- and post-equipment questionnaire. Evaluations were conducted every 6 weeks beginning 3 months before and ending 6 months after the receipt of the seating devices. An analysis of variance was used to analyze rating scale score data. A nonparametric sign test was used for the analysis of yes/no data. Other data were analyzed for frequencies and central tendencies. Sitting posture and head alignment during eating and drinking improved significantly. A significant increase in the frequency with which liquid and food was retained in the mouth was noted. A significant number of children progressed from bottle to cup drinking and from eating blended to chopped or cut-up food. The present research extends beyond case study and retrospective study reports to support the efficacy of the use of adaptive seating devices by children with multiple handicaps.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1981

Handicapped children: let's be more positive and practical.

Handicap tends to be one of the "poor relations" in paediatric practice. With a more positive and practical approach, it can become a most exciting and rewarding area. The needs and feelings of the parents with a handicapped child are discussed and some simple practical ways to help are outlined.

Anger↗
PubMed1991

Community support for young physically handicapped people.

This study examined the cost of home and hospital care for individuals who are severely physically handicapped and who may have many years to live. In addition to quantifying the overall level of these services and their costs, factors which might influence the level of service were identified and their use related to the diagnosis, duration and severity of disability, and number of unpaid carers. Costs of health and social service community support increased with severity of disability, and were mostly incurred by individuals with a Barthel score of less than 50 (more severe handicap). Costs, except for those individuals with cerebral palsy, were independent of the number of careers, and for those of school and university age the costs of special educational facilities were significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The quality of integration and care in workshops for the handicapped--The path to TQM in the workshops of the Gemeinschaftswerks fu"r Be- hinderte GmbH, Landstuhl].

Workshops for the Handicapped are exposed, as are other providers of social services, to powerful changes in social and economic conditions. Legal obligations (e.g. under the Federal Social Assistance Act BSHG), increasing customer demands and stronger competition make the ability to change a prerequisite, so that the quality and cost of providing services to the handicapped become a central theme. These changes in conditions have led the Gemeinschftswerk für Behinderte GmbH, Landstuhl, to intensively consider the themes Quality and Total Quality Management (TQM). The efforts to introduce TQM were concentrated initially on the DIN EN ISO 9000 certification of the production processes in the workshops. Currently, the themes of Integration and Care were examined. After the central processes had been identified the performance descriptions of system, structure, process, result, and steering committee were extended by process diagrams and responsibility matrixes. This paper describes the path that workshops of the Gemeinschaftswerk für Behinderte GmbH have taken towards TQM, with emphasis on presentation of the themes regarding quality of Integration and Care.

Delivery of Health Care, Integrated↗
PubMed1998

Telescopic retained overdentures in mentally handicapped and schizophrenic patients--a retrospective study.

For a long time the dental treatment of choice for mentally handicapped patients was extraction of teeth due to the lack of oral hygiene. Recent studies show the possibilities of restorative and prosthodontic treatment even in this group of patients. The records of 58 patients of a psychiatric clinic treated with 84 telescopic overdentures were examined. The highest survival rates after 7 years were in the light mentally retarded group with 86% and the overdentures with 3 anchor teeth with 81%. Schizophrenic patients and overdentures with only one anchor tooth presented only 29% and 37% survival respectively. It can be concluded that the number of anchor teeth and the kind of mental illness should be considered when planning treatment for mentally handicapped patients with overdentures.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The multi-modal prosthetic treatment of mentally handicapped patients--necessity and challenge.

The dental treatment of 573 mentally handicapped patients, over a period of twelve years from 1984 to 1996, is reported. The patients suffered from different varieties of mental retardation and/or schizophrenia, classified according to the International Statistical Classification of Disease N'. 10 of the World Health Organization. 189 patients were equipped with different types of removable prostheses which were followed to determine the survival time and the predictability of the prosthetic treatments. The findings showed greater risk factors related to long term hospitalised Schizophrenic patients and those with edentulous atrophic mandibles. 90% of the full-arch overdentures in the maxilla were in situ after 5 years in comparison with only 30% in the mandible. 81% of overdentures, retained telescopically by 3 teeth survived, while only 30% of overdentures anchored over a single tooth were still in place. These findings showed acceptable success rates of comprehensive restoration procedures for handicapped patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Computers and the severely physically handicapped: a pilot project at Pearson Hospital.

Computers are a rapidly developing technology affecting the lives of everyone, including those in the handicapped population. Major revolutions are occurring in the technology available for physically and mentally handicapped persons. This article presents the results and findings of a pilot computer project that was implemented at Pearson Hospital. The use of the computer, adapted to persons of severe physical disability, as a typewriter, a programming device, and as a word processor is explained. The success of the program, and the difficulties experienced in making it run, are presented, along with suggestions for setting up and implementing computer projects in other institutions. An assessment form for potential computer users is presented.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1996

Dental treatment of handicapped patients using endotracheal anesthesia.

Dental treatment using endotracheal anesthesia is indicated where acute odontogenic infections, accidental injuries, or multiple caries and periodontitis marginalis require surgical and/or restorative treatment. It is also indicated where it is not possible to use psychological support during local anesthesia or during premedication or analgosedation. Dental treatment of handicapped patients using endotracheal anesthesia is described, along with indication and frequency of such treatment. The state of the dentition is illustrated, along with its relationship to the oral hygiene the handicapped patients receive. The main points of the intraoperative dental procedures and the follow-up of patient care are reported. Postoperative dental or general medical complications have not occurred within the patient population under study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The activities-specific balance confidence scale and the dizziness handicap inventory: a comparison.

Vestibular dysfunction can have a tremendous impact on an individual's quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to determine if the level of handicap reported by individuals on the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), an inventory developed for use with individuals with complaints of dizziness symptoms, will be consistent with that reported on the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), a tool developed for use with elderly individuals that attempts to assess a person's confidence level in performing activities of daily living (ADL's). A sample of convenience was used consisting of 71 subjects (15 males and 56 females) from a local Balance and Vestibular Clinic. The subjects ranged in age from 26 to 88 years of age. Both the DHI and the ABC were administered as part of an initial physical therapy evaluation to new patients at the clinic. A moderately strong negative correlation was found between the scores of the two inventories (Ts = -0.6350). The results suggest that the ABC is a valid tool for use with individuals with complaints of dizziness.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of dental training on the reactions of mentally handicapped children's behavior in the dental office.

This study was planned to observe the negative reactions shown by mentally handicapped children during the dental examination and prophylaxis, and to confirm whether there was a difference in these reactions after dental training. Twenty mentally handicapped children (between 6-18 years) were examined by a dentist and their reactions were reported, before dental training was given. Later, a special educator and a dentist trained the children about the dental process. After the training the children were examined and their reactions were reevaluated. The results obtained from the first and the second appointments were compared using McNemar Test. There were significant differences between the first and the second results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) as a hearing aid outcome measure.

This study assessed the effects of hearing aids on the perception of tinnitus using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). THI benefit scores (unaided-aided) were examined in relation to hearing aid benefit as measured with the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) inventory. The THI benefit was also related to the users' ratings of overall satisfaction with their hearing aids. Thirty-four novice hearing aid users with complaints of hearing loss and tinnitus participated in the study. Outcome measures were obtained 6 weeks after the hearing aid fittings. The results showed that hearing aid use reduced tinnitus handicap significantly, but, typically, the effect was small. The association between overall satisfaction ratings and THI benefit scores was weak. In contrast, the overall satisfaction ratings were strongly related to benefit on the speech subscales (average of Ease of Communication, Reverberation, and Background Noise) but not on the Aversiveness subscale of the APHAB. The weak relationship observed between THI benefit and benefit on the speech subscales of the APHAB suggested that the two inventories were not redundant. The results of the study suggest that the THI can make a useful contribution to the overall profile of hearing aid benefit for new hearing aid users with tinnitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Psychiatric consultation and treatment for mentally handicapped persons exhibiting behavioral changes].

In three mentally handicapped people, two women aged 47 and 68 years respectively and a man aged 68, who suffered from behavioural changes that were not understood by the staff of the institution where the people lived, a psychiatric diagnosis was made by a consulting psychiatrist. The first woman had Down syndrome, she suffered from weight loss, loss of enjoyment and severe hallucinations. She was treated for a depressive disorder and recovered. The second woman yelled and threatened to hit the nursing staff. A bipolar condition was diagnosed and after unsuccessful drug treatment she was treated with electroconvulsion therapy upon which she recovered. The man had developed restlessness and verbal aggression with megalomanic episodes. A mood disorder was diagnosed which responded to valproic acid. In people with a mental handicap psychiatric disorders can be easily missed. The disorder can be complicated by an atypical presentation of symptoms, difficulty in obtaining information and limited knowledge and organization of the psychiatric services. Psychiatric consultation in people with mental retardation may lead to diagnosis and treatment of a psychiatric disorder.

Aged↗