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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

A genome-wide affected sibpair linkage analysis of hypertension: the HyperGEN network.

Results are reported here from a genome-wide linkage analysis of hypertension in a large sample of hypertensive (affected) sibpairs (650 African American and 915 white sibpairs) recruited by the HyperGEN Network of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP). Analysis using MAPMAKER/SIBS suggests one interesting region with a LOD score of 2.08 at 63 cM from the p telomere on chromosome 2 in the African American sibpairs, which may harbor hypertension susceptibility genes.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2004

The State Children's Health Insurance Program: has it reduced the percentage of uninsured children?

Recent data indicate that the percentage of children in the United States who are uninsured is declining. Although many factors have contributed to that decline, this study assesses the role of public health insurance, specifically the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), in reducing the percentage of uninsured children without health insurance from 1998-2000 and whether Medicaid and SCHIP crowd out exists. While this research confirms a significant decline in the percentage of uninsured children since SCHIP began enrolling children in 1998, other factors, including the poverty rate, the percentage of children on Medicaid, geographic region and race had a greater impact in explaining that result than SCHIP. Lastly, the data findings are consistent with research suggesting crowd out does exist.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Making better babies: public health and race betterment in Indiana, 1920-1935.

In 1920, Indiana's Division of Infant and Child Hygiene inaugurated its first Better Babies Contest at the state fair. For the next 12 years, these contests were the centerpiece of a dynamic infant and maternal welfare program that took shape in Indiana during the decade of the federal Sheppard-Towner act. More than just a lively spectacle for fairgoers, these contests brought public health, "race betterment," and animal breeding together in a unique manner. This article describes one of the most popular expressions of public health and race betterment in rural America. It also raises questions about the intersections between hereditarian and medical conceptions of human improvement during the early 20th century, especially with respect to child breeding and rearing.

Child Welfare↗
PubMed2006

Smallpox vaccine injury compensation program: Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine Injury Table. Adoption of interim final rule as final rule with an amendment.

This document adopts the Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine Injury Table (the Table) Interim Final Rule as the Final Rule with an amendment, as follows: the Final Rule clarifies that, in order for the presumption of causation to apply, the time intervals listed on the Table refer specifically to the period in which the first symptom or manifestation of onset of injury must appear following administration of the smallpox vaccine or exposure to vaccinia, and that the time intervals listed have no relevance to time of diagnosis of the injury.

Compensation and Redress↗
PubMed1997

Strengthening partnerships between state programs for children with special health care needs and managed care organizations.

The roles and responsibilities of state Title V Programs for Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) are changing with the rapid expansion of managed care. The authors surveyed Title V CSHCN programs to learn about critical issues and examples of collaboration with managed care organizations in the following areas: (1) defining and identifying children with special health care needs, (2) enrollment assistance and family participation, (3) pediatric provider and service requirements, (4) education and training, (5) quality of care, and (6) pediatric risk-adjusted capitation mechanisms. This article also includes recommendations developed by the federal Maternal and Child Health Bureau's Work Group on Managed Care.

Capitation Fee↗
PubMed2000

Successful systems integration strategies: the access program for persons who are homeless and mentally ill.

In 1993, the Access to Community Care and Effective Services and Supports (ACCESS) federal demonstration program was initiated. Using a quasi-experimental design, the 5-year demonstration program sought to assess the impact of integrated systems of care on outcomes for homeless persons with mental illness. The authors report on which integration strategies were chosen and how their implementation is quantified. Data collected primarily through annual site visits revealed that only two strategies were used by all nine systems. The systems integration strategies employed remained relatively stable over the 5 years. Successful implementation appears to be related to the strategies selected.

Delivery of Health Care, Integrated↗
PubMed2000

Feasibility of canine oral rabies vaccination in Sri Lanka--a preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: To test the feasibility of introducing oral rabies vaccine (vaccinia recombinant rabies glycoprotein) to improve domestic dog immunisation coverage in a selected area. DESIGN: A prospective field trial. SETTING: Panadura, an area relatively isolated by waterways, making it a suitable field laboratory. METHODS: A routine parenteral vaccination program was carried out. A house to house survey identified the residual non-vaccinated dogs in the selected area. Oral vaccine was offered to the non-vaccinated domestic dogs. RESULTS: Of 4322 dogs in the households, 1242 dogs (28.7%) were eligible for oral vaccine. 659 (53%) were considered to have accepted the oral vaccine with release of the vaccine in the oral cavity. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to use oral rabies vaccine to enhance immunisation coverage.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

TRICARE; changes included in the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2005; TRICARE Dental Program. Interim final rule.

The Department is publishing this interim final rule to implement sections 711 and 715 of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 (NDAA-05), Public Law 108-375. Specifically, that legislation makes young dependents of deceased Service members eligible for enrollment in the TRICARE Dental Program when the child was not previously enrolled because of age, and authorizes post-graduate dental residents in a dental treatment facility of the uniformed services under a graduate dental education program accredited by the American Dental Association to provide dental treatment to dependents who are 12 years of age or younger and who are covered by a dental plan established under 10 U.S.C. 1076a. This rule also corrects certain references in 32 CFR 199.13. The rule is being published as an interim final rule with comment period in order to comply with statutory effective dates. Public comments are invited and will be considered for possible revisions to the final rule.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2003

A survey of the Predictive Toxicology Challenge 2000-2001.

MOTIVATION: The Predictive Toxicology Challenge (PTC) was initiated to stimulate the development of advanced techniques for predictive toxicology models. The goal of this challenge was to compare different approaches for the prediction of rodent carcinogenicity, based on the experimental results of the US National Toxicology Program (NTP). RESULTS: 111 sets of predictions for 185 compounds have been evaluated on quantitative and qualitative scales to select the most predictive models and those with the highest toxicological relevance. The accuracy of the submitted predictions was between 25 and 79 %. An evaluation of the most accurate models by toxicological experts showed, that it is still hard for domain experts to interpret the submitted models and to put them into relation with toxicological knowledge. AVAILABILITY: PTC details and data can be found at: http://www.predictive-toxicology.org/ptc/.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advanced Technology Program's information infrastructure for healthcare focused program: a brief history.

This review examines how a "bottom-up" model of a civilian technology program works by recounting the story of the "genesis" of the Information Infrastructure for Healthcare (IIH) focused program of the Advanced Technology Program. The IIH program began with an exchange of ideas among members of the private and public sectors (through the submission of "white papers" by members of industry, workshops conducted by the ATP, and meetings among persons from both groups) to identify the technologies that are necessary for the development of a national information infrastructure in health care. What the ATP hoped to gain through this process and how the private sector responded are noted. A statistical description of the participants and a discussion of changes in the ATP review and selection process is included.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2002

Referral sources, diagnoses, and service types of youth in public outpatient mental health care: a focus on ethnic minorities.

Racial/ethnic variations in clinical and service delivery characteristics among youth in public outpatient mental health services were examined using data from San Diego County mental health service programs for fiscal year 1996 to 1997 (N = 3,962). Differences in referral sources, primary diagnoses, and service types were investigated for three racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Asian/Pacific Islander Americans, and Latinos) compared to non-Hispanic whites. Controlling for age, gender, functional impairment, and prior service use, significant differences by race/ethnicity were found for all three variables studied. Possible explanations for these variations and future directions for research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Early childhood development: putting knowledge into action.

As part of its continuing mission to serve trustees and staff of health foundations and corporate giving programs, Grantmakers In Health (GIH) convened a select group of grantmakers and national experts who have made a major commitment to improve the health and well being of young children. The roundtable explored the latest research examining early childhood development, as well as public and private programs serving families with young children. The discussion ultimately centered upon the importance of grantmaker involvement to improve early childhood development, including the services delivered to young children and their families, training for professionals, and continued research and evaluation. This report brings together key points from the day's discussion with factual information on demographic, health and human services, and public policy trends drawn from a background paper prepared for the meeting. When available, recent findings, facts, and figures have been incorporated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Profiles of respite use.

Profiles of long-term respite use are reported for a diverse sample of 4,369 families from seven states who participated in the Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration Grant to States program. Data from service records spanning a period of seven years were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling techniques. Respite use was examined in both day care and in-home settings using three different measures of use. Client characteristics related to use include the caregiver's gender and relationship to the elder, and the ethnicity, income, functional level, and problem behaviors of the elder. Provider characteristics linked with different patterns of use include level of service, fee structure, and level of capitation. Implications for service delivery are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Pharmaceutical marketing practices: balancing public health and law enforcement interests; moving beyond regulation-through-litigation.

Fraudulent or abusive sales and marketing practices by pharmaceutical companies can result in costly overutilization of products that are increasingly paid for by government healthcare programs and may result in adverse health and safety consequences to the patient-beneficiaries of those programs. Federal enforcement efforts in this area are largely modeled on those used to combat white-collar crime, with cases taking years to reach conclusion. This approach overlooks the impact on patients who receive unnecessary care or are denied access to appropriate care during the course of the investigation. Many states are beginning to regulate certain pharmaceutical sales and marketing practices, but state-by-state regulation ignores the importance of a uniform federal regulatory and enforcement approach in an area already occupied by federal law. This Article explores current federal and state efforts to limit overutilization, fraud, and abuse in the sale and marketing of prescription drugs, and illustrates the merits of an expanded role for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to regulate pharmaceutical sales and marketing practices. This approach borrows lessons learned from the FDA's efficient and effective regulatory and enforcement methods and maintains a careful balance between the interests of patient-beneficiaries, the government and industry.

Drug Industry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anemia as an indicator of nutrition in children enrolled in a Head Start program.

A retrospective chart review was conducted on the records of 467 children who were enrolled in the Head Start program in Alachua County, Florida, which is one of four counties in Florida cited among the 150 worst "hunger counties" in the United States by the Harvard University School of Public Health. The children were examined in the 1989-1990 school year by a team of nurse practitioners, and the data were analyzed to determine the incidence and distribution of anemia. Twenty-five percent of the sample was white, and 75% was black. One half of the white children and 20% of the black children attended schools in rural areas. The mean sample hematocrit value was 35.7%. Twenty-one percent of the sample had hematocrit values of less than 34.0%. More black children were anemic in both rural and urban groups. Black males had the highest rate of anemia at 27.3%; white females had the lowest rate of anemia at 9.8%. These data show that anemia is a serious problem among children from low-income families and suggest that government nutrition programs such as food stamps and WIC are not meeting the needs of these children.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed2001

An ecosystem approach to health and its applications to tropical and emerging diseases.

Disease and health outcomes occur within a complex socio-ecological context characterized by feedback loops across space and time, self-organization, holarchies, and sudden changes in organization when thresholds are reached. Disease control programs, even if they are successful, may undermine health; conversely, programs in agriculture and economic development designed to improve health may simply alter disease patterns. A research and development strategy to promote sustainable health must therefore incorporate multiple scales, multiple perspectives, and high degrees of uncertainty. The ecosystem approach developed by researchers in the Great Lakes Basin meets these criteria. This has implications for community involvement in research, development policies, and for understanding and controlling tropical and emerging diseases. Even if unsuccessful in achieving specific outcome targets, however, the requirements of this approach for open and democratic communication, negotiation, and ecological awareness make its implementation worthwhile.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in young women entering a national job training program, 1990-1997.

OBJECTIVES: This analysis describes trends in the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in economically disadvantaged young women entering a national job training program. METHODS: We examined chlamydia test data for May 1990 through June 1997 for women aged 16 to 24 years who enrolled in the program. The significance of trends was evaluated with the chi 2 test for trend. RESULTS: Prevalence of chlamydial infection declined 32.9%, from 14.9% in 1990 to 10.0% in 1997 (P < .001). Prevalence decreased significantly in all age groups, racial/ethnic groups, and geographic regions. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in prevalence of chlamydial infection suggests that prevention activities have reached disadvantaged women across the United States; however, prevalence of chlamydial infection remains high, and enhanced prevention efforts in disadvantaged communities are urgently needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effects of a national medication education program in Taiwan to change the public's perceptions of the roles and functions of pharmacists.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a national medication education program on public's perceptions of the roles and functions of pharmacists in Taiwan. METHODS: This was a single group, pre- and post-comparison study. The subjects were 955 community residents enrolled in the Community Education Program on Medication Use (CEPMU) between September 2003 and January 2004 in Taiwan. The program was a pharmacist-facilitated national education program implemented at 31 community universities nationwide. The education program consisted of 14 lectures that were delivered over a 4-month period. A questionnaire was administered before and after the program to survey the subjects on their usual drug-information sources, their evaluation of the credibility of the drug-information sources, and their perceptions of the roles and functions of pharmacists in Taiwan. Paired t-test was used to analyze the difference between pre- and post-tests with a significant level set at 0.05 a priori. RESULTS: At the end of the program, the subjects were more likely to request drug information from healthcare professionals as compared to the baseline (p < 0.05). They also had more confidence in the information provided by the community pharmacists (p < 0.05) and had a better understanding of the roles and functions of pharmacists (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The national medication education program facilitated by pharmacists helps to direct the subjects to pharmacists or other healthcare givers for drug information. It also improves their perceptions of the roles and functions of pharmacists in Taiwan. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Pharmacists' proactive participation in health education helped society to appreciate the roles and functions of pharmacists as knowledge workers in terms of drug information providers and safeguards of drug use.

Adult↗