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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Comparison of tap-evoked and tone-evoked postural reflexes in humans.

To find an easy clinical test of postural reflexes, we compared tone and tap stimuli for eliciting postural reactions in leg muscles in 13 healthy subjects during upright stance. Tones (1000 Hz, 90 dB nHl) were presented monaurally via headphones; taps were applied with a reflex hammer to the forehead. Surface EMG was recorded from the medial gastrocnemius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles, and rectified and averaged. Tapping the forehead of a standing subject evoked leg muscle reflexes that began 50 ms after the stimulus in all subjects. Tone-evoked leg muscle reflexes behaved differently, i.e., they had smaller amplitudes and could be recorded in only 5 of 13 subjects. However, this same acoustic stimulus elicited reflex activity in the neck muscles of all subjects. There were also other differences (amplitudes, dependence on pre-activation) between these two reflexes. Tone-evoked leg muscle responses and tone-evoked neck muscle responses seem to be mediated by different structures, i.e., the latter by an oligosynaptic pathway and the former by polysynaptic neural circuits. We conclude that tap-evoked leg muscle responses are not or not solely mediated by saccular receptors but other receptors (i.e., proprioceptors, semicircular canals) are probably also involved.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2006

Speed-accuracy trade-offs in myocontrol.

Myoelectric (EMG) signals are used in assistive technology for prostheses, computer and domestic control. However, little is known about the capacity of controlling these signals. Specifically, it is unclear whether myocontrol, i.e., the control of myoelectric signals, obeys the same laws as motor control. Neurologically intact adult participants performed pointing tasks with EMG signals captured from the forehead or the hand in two modalities (sustained: stabilize the signal amplitude in the target; impulsion: produce an impulse and return to resting level). In the sustained modality, the time to reach the target (reach time) increased logarithmically with target amplitude, which is compatible with the predictions of Fitts' law. The rate of failure was not significantly affected by target amplitude. In the impulsion modality, the reach time and the rate of failure followed a bow-shaped pattern as a function of target amplitude. Stabilization time in the sustained modality followed a convex (bow-shaped) pattern for the forehead and a concave pattern for the hand. This was the only significant effect of electrode placement in this study. These findings suggest that myocontrol obeys laws that are distinct from those determining motor control, and that the muscular and intra-muscular synergies that produce EMG signals are specific of each pointing modality and target amplitude.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Tattoo removal among Ethiopian Jews in Israel: tradition faces technology.

BACKGROUND: Many Jews in Ethiopia adopted the Christian custom of tattooing various parts of the body, either after conversion or to hide their Jewish origin. After emigrating to Israel, they sought to remove these foreign symbols to better blend with society. The aim of this study was to describe the use of laser technology for tattoo removal in a high-risk dark-skinned population and to highlight one way in which the interaction of modern medical communities with people from developing countries can open new avenues of research. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 401 women and 3 men of Ethiopian origin with Fitzpatrick skin type V or VI. Ages ranged from 15 to 53 years. All tattoos were blue/black and had been made by injecting charcoal into the skin. Most (n = 392, 97%) were located on the forehead or the forehead and temples (n = 312); 69% were cross-shaped. Patients underwent 3 to 6 laser treatments (average 3.6) with the Q-switched Nd:YAG (n = 380, 94%) or ruby (n = 24) laser at intervals of at least 8 weeks. The percent of clearing was scored by two independent investigators as follows: 1 = 0%-25%; 2 = 26%-50%; 3 = 51%-75%; 4 = 75%-100%. Pigmentary and textural changes were classified as none, mild, moderate, or severe. The duration of follow-up after the last treatment was 6-8 months. RESULTS: At the last follow-up, the clearance score was 4 in 92% of the patients and 3 in the remainder. Transient (2-4 months) mild hyperpigmentation was noted in 177 (44%) patients, and mild textural changes in two, both treated with the Q-switched laser. There were no cases of scarring or permanent pigmentary changes. CONCLUSION: Laser removal of carbon-based tattoos in an Ethiopian population yielded an excellent to good aesthetic outcome with no complications, similar to results in light-skinned patients. These findings have important implications for improving the quality of life of Ethiopian immigrants in Israel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Traumatic rupture of the posterior capsule resulting in complete posterior prolapse of the lens with subsequent resolution of high myopia.

Uncomplicated isolated breach of the posterior capsule following a blunt forehead trauma has rarely been reported. We report the first case of a patient with high myopia who, after minor forehead trauma, developed an isolated rupture of the posterior capsule with probable complete prolapse of the crystalline lens into the vitreous cavity, leading to spontaneous correction of the patient's high axial myopia.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2004

Source of bacterial shedding in laminar flow theatres.

In a previous unpublished observation, unacceptably high bacterial counts, presumably due to shedding episodes, occurred in two of 56 (3.57%) slit-air samples during arthroplasty surgery in a laminar flow operating theatre. The isolates matched those cultured from swab samples taken from the skin of one of the surgeons's foreheads on each of the two occasions. These findings occurred despite scrub staff wearing standard occlusive gowns, hats and masks with visors. In order to localize the potential source of such shedding more accurately, 20 members of theatre staff underwent anonymous microbiological swabbing from the facial areas not covered by theatre clothing, namely their foreheads, eyebrows and ears. These swabs were cultured and the growths were compared statistically. Significantly more colonies were cultured from swabs taken from the theatre staff's ears (P = 0.047, Freidman's test) compared with the other two facial areas studied. These data support the use of exhaust helmets in arthroplasty surgery, or at least mandatory coverage of the ears with theatre hats for scrub staff.

Arthroplasty↗
PubMed2005

The impact of ethnic differences in response to capsaicin-induced trigeminal sensitization.

Ethnic differences in the experience of pain, pain-related health care utilization and pain-reducing activities have been reported. Thus, evaluating of such variations is important in clinical and experimental pain. Since clinical pain is greatly influenced by disease-specific factors (severity, duration, type and treatment), evaluating ethnic differences in experimental pain models may not only provide some information about underlying mechanisms but also may predict or explain group differences in clinical pain. Migraine prevalence within ethnic populations is varied. Capsaicin injection to the forehead of healthy volunteers induces the state of an experimental trigeminal sensitization, which is one of the proposed mechanisms of migraine. The aim of the present study was to investigate ethnic differences between Caucasians and South Indians in this model of trigeminal sensitization. Thirty-two healthy male volunteers (16 South Indians and 16 Danish Caucasians) were included. Capsaicin (100 microg/0.1 ml) was injected intradermally to the right forehead skin. Pain sensitivity, secondary hyperalgesic area, and pressure pain threshold were assessed. Overall, the model showed significant greater pain responses in South Indians (8.75+/-1.25 cm pain intensity and 9.33+/-2.32 cm2 hyperalgesic area) compared to Caucasians (6.25+/-1.95 cm pain intensity and 6.25+/-1.41 cm2 hyperalgesic area). The model may provide important information for further clinical research, e.g. migraine or differences in mechanisms underlying trigeminal sensitization.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Update on botulinum toxin.

Botulinum toxin for facial enhancement is currently the most popular aesthetic procedure performed in the United States. New developments have occurred within the last few years. Patients prefer having multiple areas of the upper face treated which increases patient satisfaction. Treatment of the forehead is now being accomplished with fewer units of botulinum toxin. This helps preserve the natural look of some movement of the forehead. Men require more units of botulinum toxin than women. Combination therapy using botulinum toxin along with lasers or filler substances is ideal. Aesthetic medicine knowledge has progressed, contributing a greater understanding of botulinum treatment for advanced areas of the face. The orbicularis oris, mentalis, and depressor anguli oris are now routinely treated and help improve overall facial appearance. Other forms of botulinum toxins (additional type A or type B toxins) are available, each with advantages and disadvantages.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A↗
PubMed1996

Bilateral tuberculous abscesses on the face (eyelids) of a child.

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of tuberculosis with facial abscess. METHODS: A 4 1/2-year-old girl had an acute left upper eyelid abscess and a large, spherical tumescence involving the right upper eyelid, eyebrow, and forehead. The left upper eyelid abscess was drained, and the mass involving the right eyelid, eyebrow, and forehead was excised. RESULTS: Histopathologic and microbiologic examination established a human type of tuberculous mycobacterium as the cause of the bilateral facial lesions. CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis should be considered as a possible cause of abscess even when clinical features are not typical.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Percutaneous penetration of dipyrithione in man: effect of skin color (race).

A single chemical dose of dipyrithione (2,2'-dithiobispyridine-1,1'-dioxide), 4 or 12 micrograms/cm(2) (containing 1 micro Ci of 2-6-14C material), was applied to the ventral forearm (intact skin, methyl alcohol vehicle [MeOH]), forehead (intact and stripped skin; cosmetic cream and MeOH vehicle), and scalp (intact and stripped skin; shampoo and MeOH vehicle) of human (white and black) volunteers. The urinary excretion of 14C was measured over the 7-day study period. Percutaneous penetration data were corrected for incomplete urinary recovery using data from intravenous studies (Wedig et al). The results obtained in this study suggested: (1) means from the complete analysis indicated 34% less (p less than 0.02) absorbed by blacks; (2) less was absorbed by blacks than whites when seven out of seven means were compared within groups (p less than 0.02); (3) a difference (p less than 0.03) in penetration, blacks 47% lower than whites, between a cosmetic cream vehicle vs MeOH on the forehead; (4) on the scalp (MeOH vs shampoo vehicle) more was absorbed using MeOH (p less than 0.02); (5) no evidence of a significant difference in penetration was noted when (a) the various anatomic sites were compared or (b) intact skin was compared with stripped skin.

Black People↗
PubMed1983

Sustainable rates of sebum secretion in acne patients and matched normal control subjects.

Sustainable rates of sebum secretion were measured in twelve subjects with inflammatory acne and in twelve control subjects, matched in age and gender, who had no significant signs of acne. The measurements were made after first depleting the skin of an accumulation of previously secreted sebum by absorption into adherent layers of bentonite clay applied to the center of the forehead for 14 hours. Disks of fine Dacron mesh, embedded in fresh clay, were then applied to the forehead for 3 hours. The disks and adhering clay were then removed and extracted with ether to recover the collected lipids. The sebum recovered during the 3-hour period was measured by quantitative thin layer chromatography. The subjects with acne were found to have an average sustainable sebum secretion rate of 2.51 mg/10 cm2/3 hr, while the control group had an average of 0.81 mg/10 cm2/3 hr. Furthermore, all subjects with acne had secretion rates larger than those of their matched control subjects. The results indicate that a high sebum secretion rate is the decisive factor in inflammatory acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1996

Nasal reconstruction with the cheek island pedicle flap.

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the lower third of the nose can be challenging. Maintaining the nasal subunit symmetry and providing good tissue match with regard to color, sebaceous quality, and thickness is essential. For extensive defects in this area, paramedian forehead flaps are often considered. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to develop the technique of preparing and executing the cheek island pedicle flap, as well as to define the limitations and "pitfalls" of the flap. METHODS: The cheek island pedicle flap is described. RESULTS: The cheek island pedicle flap can provide excellent cosmetic results in reconstructing defects of the lower third of the nose. The flap dynamics are predictable, and anticipated complications are described. CONCLUSION: The cheek island pedicle flap provides an excellent alternative to the paramedian forehead flap for reconstruction of extensive defects of the lower third of the nose.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Vibration-induced nystagmus in patients with vestibular disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to clarify the clinical significance of vibration-induced nystagmus (VIN). METHODS: One hundred patients with unilateral vestibulocochlear disorders were enrolled into this study. However, patients with spontaneous nystagmus were excluded. Vibratory stimuli (approximately 100 Hz) were presented to the mastoids and the forehead. Patients also underwent caloric testing and vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients, 60 (60%) showed VIN. The nystagmus was mainly horizontal. VIN was more frequently evoked on the mastoids than the forehead. In the majority of patients, the direction of VIN was toward the healthy side, whereas some patients, especially patients with Meniere's disease, showed nystagmus toward the affected side. VIN was frequently evoked in patients with severe unilateral vestibular damages (canal paresis >50%) (39 of 43, or 90%). CONCLUSION: VIN testing is a simple and sensitive clinical test that indicates unilateral vestibular dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Radon progeny activity on skin and hair after speleotherapeutic radon exposure.

The objective of present investigation was to measure radon progeny activity on hair and skin (forehead, paraumbilical, paravertebral) and its decrease after speleotherapeutic radon exposure in the gallery of the Gasteiner Heilstollen. Radon progeny activity was measured by means of a halogen-quenched Geiger-Mueller tube with a mica window (density 1.5-2.0 mg/cm2) and an effective diameter of 45 mm; beta efficiency 32% (210Bi), alpha efficiency 18% (241Am). Results are in counts per minute (cpm). All 17 patients were being treated for rheumatic disease in the galleries of the Gasteiner Heilstollen Hospital. The following activity (mean +/- standard error of the mean) was measured 25 (+/- 5) min after leaving the treatment area: on hair of the head, 1235+/-141 cpm; forehead, 503+/-78 cpm; paraumbilical 460+/-85 cpm; paravertebral, 270+/-39 cpm. Taking a shower did not significantly reduce radon progeny activity. Speleotherapeutic radon exposure causes a considerable increase in radon progeny activity on skin. The large surface of hair causes much greater activity on hair than on skin. Owing to their high adhesive properties, radon progenies are not reduced by taking a shower.

Hair↗
PubMed2002

[Post-inflammatory cutis laxa. A case report].

Cutis laxa (CL) is a rare disorder in which the skin hangs in loose fields, so that affected individuals appear to be prematurely aged. The changes are more evident when effect the face with a prematurely-aged appearance. The acute form follows an inflammatory skin lesions. Its aetiology is not well known. We report a case of a head acute CL of a 17 years patient, secondary to a generalized skin eruption. The prematurely-aged appearance concern especially forehead, ear lobes and nasolabial folds. A two stages surgical treatment has associated: a forehead lifting associated to a Coleman lipofilling and an ear lobe reduction, a secondary Coleman lipofilling of the nasolabial folds. The skin biopsy confirm the diagnosis. The correction is stable and satisfactory after one year. The confrontation of our findings to those previously described confirm complexity of diagnosis and histological observations of this rare disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The relative accuracy of mercury, Tempa-DOT and FeverScan thermometers.

This project aimed to assess the accuracy of Tempa-DOT and FeverScan for measuring children's temperatures. Tempa-DOT is a small flat chemical thermometer with 50 dots that change colour at specific temperatures. FeverScan is a liquid crystal strip thermometer with temperature sensitive colour bars that change colour when held against the forehead. Two medical students undertook this study in a hospital in Zambia. They saw most children presented to the hospital over a six-week period and on the children's ward. A mercury thermometer was placed in one axilla, a Tempa-DOT thermometer in the other, and the FeverScan was held on the child's forehead. Data were obtained from 1090 children with a median age of two years. The sensitivity of FeverScan to correctly identify febrile children was 89% and the positive predictive value to detect a fever was 57%. The sensitivity of Tempa-DOT to correctly identify febrile children was 92% and the positive predictive value for detecting febrile children was 86%. Tempa-DOT has a much better predictive value than FeverScan for detecting fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Bone conduction experiments in humans - a fluid pathway from bone to ear.

Animal experiments in this laboratory have led to the suggestion that a major pathway in bone conduction stimulation to the inner ear is via the skull contents (brain and CSF). This hypothesis was now tested in humans. Auditory nerve brainstem evoked responses could be recorded in neonates to bone conduction stimulation over the fontanelle and audiometric responses were obtained in neurosurgical patients with the bone vibrator on the skin over a craniotomy. There were no differences in threshold between these responses and those obtained to bone conduction stimulation over skull bone in the same subjects. Audiometric thresholds in response to bone vibrator stimulation of the eye (a 'natural craniotomy') were no different from those to bone stimulation delivered to several sites on the head. Thus there is no need to vibrate bone in order to obtain 'bone conduction' responses. Bone vibrator thresholds to stimulation at the head region with thinnest bone (temporal) were better than those to stimulation at the forehead region which has much thicker bone, implying that the vibrations penetrate the skull at the site of the vibrator. In addition, the magnitude of vibration (acceleration) measured at various sites around the head in response to bone vibrator stimulation at a fixed point on the forehead generally decreased with distance from the point of vibration. Therefore it seems that the vibrations produced by a bone vibrator at a point on the head are also able to penetrate the skull, setting up audio-frequency pressures in the CSF which spread by fluid communications to the inner ear fluids, exciting the ear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Regional variability in mottled subclinical melanoderma in the elderly.

The density in melanin chromatophores becomes heterogeneous in the epidermis during the early events of photoaging. Little is known about the regional variability in the resulting mottled skin appearance on the sun-exposed parts of the body in the elderly. The relationship between these features and the dermal atrophy related to aging is also an area ripe for study. The aim of the present study was to objectively assess and compare such aspects of photoaging in older subjects. A computer-assisted video camera equipped with an internal ultraviolet-emitting unit (Visioscan) was used in combination with image analysis to quantify the infraclinical mottling of the skin on the forehead, neck and dorsal forearm. A Densi Score device served to assess the dermal atrophy by rating the skin folding capacity. A mottled subclinical melanoderma was disclosed on the three evaluation sites in all subjects irrespective of their phototypes. Three main patterns were identified corresponding to regular perifollicular dots, streaky macules along shallow wrinkles and unevenly shaped macules in the interfollicular area. The extent in melanoderma was larger on the forehead than on the neck and forearm. The age after 60 years did not influence the severity of mottled melanoderma, but clearly altered the skin folding capacity. The greatest inter-individual differences in mottled melanoderma were found in phototype II subjects. In conclusion, infraclinical mottled melanoderma is present in all individuals after 60 years of age. This type of epidermal photoaging does not appear to be influenced in older ages. By contrast, skin laxity due to dermal aging continues to progress beyond the age of 60 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Rejuvenation of the brow.

Aging of the upper face is a frequent complaint in patients seeking a more youth appearance. Sometimes muscle dynamics are excessively forceful and cause marked lines of expression relatively early in life. Regardless of chronologic age, it is imperative that the surgeon perform a problem-oriented, detailed analysis of the face and each subunit, so that imperfections can be individually assessed as they apply to the harmonic balance of the whole face. Various factors, such as degree of eyebrow ptosis, vertical dimension of the forehead, preexisting scars, and level of hairline, will determine the best approach to surgical correction of the aging brow. In the authors' opinion treatment of the forehead, when done together with a rhytidectomy, requires previous blocking of the cervicofacial flaps so as not to distort important anatomic landmarks when traction is applied to the frontal flap, respecting the patient's desire for a natural aesthetic result.

Adult↗