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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Egg transport in the fallopian tube.

The transport of eggs from the site of ovulation to the site of implantation is a fundamental step of the reproductive process in the female. The fallopian tube effects the major part of this function and times the passage of eggs into the endometrial environment. As a result of different combinations of speed of progression and retention periods through the various regions of the oviduct, the pattern of transport differs from one species to another. The role of muscular contraction, ciliary movement and flow of secretions in the mechanisms of progression and retention are still poorly understood. Estrogens and progestins have a pronounced influence upon egg transport, but the responses to exogenous hormones are quite variable and depend mainly upon species, dose and time of administration. Species differences prevent from broader generalizations at this time and indicate the need for further comparative studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Transitional cell carcinoma pattern in primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

BACKGROUND: A broad papillary proliferation resembling that in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder was seen in 12 of 21 primary carcinomas of the Fallopian tube (PCFT). METHODS: According to their predominant histologic pattern (more than 50%), PCFT were classified into 9 TCC-predominant and 12 non-TCC-predominant tumors. The two groups were compared by clinicopathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical means. RESULTS: TCC-predominant tumors were grossly solid and microscopically demonstrated more frequent tumor necrosis and spindled tumor cells than non-TCC-predominant tumors. Mucin histochemistry revealed a correlation between TCC-predominant tumor and sulfomucin-predominant secretion and between non-TCC-predominant tumor and sialomucin-predominant secretion. Immunohistochemical studies for cytokeratins, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), Leu-M1, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA 125 were not useful for discrimination between the two groups. Both groups showed similar features in patient age, clinical stage, cytology of ascites or peritoneal washing, and serum CA 125 level. Despite the similarity in treatment (surgery and postoperative chemotherapy) between the two groups, TCC-predominant tumors tended to relapse later (mean, 31.2 months after diagnosis) than non-TCC-predominant tumors (mean, 14.4 months after diagnosis), resulting in a significant difference in the 2-year disease-free survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: TCC pattern and non-TCC pattern are considered to be worthy of distinction in PCFT.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The proliferative behavior of the human Fallopian tube epithelium.

Using autoradiography after in vitro administration of tritiated thymidine a low grade of DNA synthesis had been found to take place in the epithelium of the human Fallopian tube in reproductive and postmenopausal age. No synchronization was found to take place in the menstrual cycle. There seems to be no relationship between tubal renewal and the endogenous hormones of the reproductive system in the human.

Adult↗
PubMed1966

Primary carcinoma of the ovary: a review of 150 cases, with an appraisal of the fallopian tube as a pathway of spread.

One hundred and fifty cases of primary ovarian carcinoma were reviewed to assess the relationship between survival and secondary involvement of the fallopian tube. Five-year crude survival rates were calculated according to stage of disease, histological type and method of treatment.Frequency of involvement of the tube in 30 cases so examined increased with anatomical extension of disease, but this route of spread was not considered significant. Invasion occurred chiefly in serous or peritubular lymph spaces. Intraluminal emboli of tumour cells were found in only three specimens, while submucosal spread was seen once. Invasion of the tubular musculature was never demonstrated. Endometrial deposits were rare. Postoperative radiation therapy after simple surgical procedures not only gave survival rates comparable to those obtained after radical surgery alone, but also controlled metastatic disease for at least three years and increased the five-year survival in Stage III disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Inguinal hernias containing the uterus, fallopian tube, and ovary in premature female infants.

Inguinal hernias were diagnosed at 42 and 38 weeks' postconceptional age in 2 premature girls. The hernial sac contained the uterus, one Fallopian tube, and one ovary. The diagnosis was made by physical and sonographic examination and was confirmed during surgical correction. We suggest sonography in the diagnostic workup in (premature) female infants with an inguinal hernia.

Fallopian Tubes↗
PubMed1992

Identification of lymphocyte subsets in the human fallopian tube.

PROBLEM: Immunohistochemical investigations for the detection of lymphocyte subsets in the human oviduct have been performed. Knowledge about local immunity especially cell-mediated immunity, in the fallopian tube has been, up to now, limited. As an essential structure for the human reproduction process, the tubal mucous membrane is exposed to a variety of antigens. METHOD: A total number of 20 tubal biopsies obtained from fertile women during gynecological operations like tubal ligations or hysterectomy were examined by the immunoperoxidase technique. Seven specimens were obtained during the proliferative phase, ten during the secretory phase and three during a caesarean section with tubal ligations. RESULTS: It could be established that the presence of lymphocytes in the oviductal mucous membrane is physiological. These cells can be identified by their typical immunohistochemical patterns. There were no significant differences of the type and number of lymphocytes in the mucosa within the phases of menstrual cycle. The dominant cell types in the tubal mucosa were the CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: It can be suggested that the lymphocytes in the tubal mucosa may involved in the process of immune tolerance, which could realize the transport of sperms and blastocysts through the oviduct under normal conditions without activation of local immune mechanisms. The lymphoid tissue of the oviduct is a specialized form of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Histophysiology of the Fallopian tubes in relation to sperm binding, release, and completion of capacitation.

This paper is concerned with endosalpingeal specialisations that underlie stabilisation of unique secretions forming microenvironments within the Fallopian tube lumen, not least as they influence the final stages of sperm transport and maturation. In particular, a specific microenvironment at the ampullary-isthmic junction in the presence of the newly-shed oocyte(s), associated granulosa cells and their secretory products is thought to characterise the site of fertilisation. Attention is also drawn to the viscous glycoprotein in the caudal isthmus before ovulation: it isolates spermatozoa stored with suppressed motility from the metabolic stimulation caused by uterine or ampullary fluid. This viscous secretion strips male antigens from the sperm surface, facilitating their preovulatory binding reactions to organelles of the isthmus epithelium. Peri-ovulatory activation of discrete numbers of viable spermatozoa is regulated by follicular progesterone secretion, but seemingly involves local mobilisation of Ca2+ ions into bound gametes of appropriate membranous maturity. Motility and progression to the site of fertilisation may be further heightened by an influence of catecholamines diffusing from the myosalpinx; receptors for such molecules are present on the sperm surface. There is tight control of sperm activation and release close to the time of ovulation, generating initial sperm:egg ratios at the ampullar-isthmic junction of close to unity. However, with establishment of the block to polyspermy in newly activated eggs and lapse of time after ovulation, control of sperm progression soon relaxes. Indeed, 2-4 cell embryos may contain large numbers of accessory spermatozoa on or in the zona pellucida.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Intrauterine insemination versus Fallopian tube sperm perfusion in non-tubal subfertility: a systematic review based on a Cochrane review.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this review was to compare the efficacy of Fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP) with intrauterine insemination (IUI) in the treatment of non-tubal subfertility. METHODS: The principles of the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group were employed. Only randomized controlled studies comparing FSP with IUI were included in this review. The main outcome measures included live birth rates and pregnancy rates per couple. RESULTS: Twenty-eight studies were found performing the comparison of interest. Overall six studies involving 474 couples were included in the meta-analysis. One study only assessed live birth rates, which resulted in no difference in outcome between FSP and IUI [odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-3.53]. The results in pregnancy rate per couple revealed no statistically significant difference between FSP and IUI (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.77-4.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that couples suffering from unexplained subfertility clearly benefit from FSP over IUI (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.73-4.78). Excluding studies which used the Foley catheter for tubal perfusion resulted in a significant difference favouring FSP for all indications (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.54-3.80). CONCLUSIONS: There is firm evidence that FSP gives rise to higher pregnancy rates in couples with unexplained subfertility and should therefore be advised in these couples. For other indications FSP has not been proven more effective compared with IUI. Results showed that the Foley catheter might not be effective for FSP. Future research should focus on comparing different types of catheters.

Fallopian Tubes↗
PubMed2003

Fallopian tube and primary peritoneal carcinomas associated with BRCA mutations.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of BRCA mutations among Ashkenazi Jewish patients with fallopian tube carcinoma (FTC) or primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC), to study the clinicopathologic features of these cancers, and to estimate the risks of these cancers in association with a BRCA mutation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review at two institutions identified 29 Jewish patients with FTC and 22 Jewish patients with PPC. These patients were genotyped for the three Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA founder mutations (185delAG and 5382insC in BRCA1 and 6174delT in BRCA2). Surgical and pathologic information, family history, and survival data were obtained from hospital records. All statistical tests were two sided. RESULTS: Germline BRCA mutations were identified in five of 29 patients with FTC (17%) and nine of 22 patients with PPC (41%). Mutation carriers had a younger mean age at diagnosis than patients without a mutation (60 v 70 years; P =.002). The overall median survival was 148 months for mutation carriers and 41 months for patients without a mutation (P =.04). For BRCA mutation carriers, the lifetime risks of FTC and PPC were 0.6% and 1.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Substantial proportions of Ashkenazi Jewish patients with FTC or PPC are BRCA mutation carriers. Patients with BRCA-associated FTC or PPC are younger at diagnosis and have improved survival compared with patients without a BRCA mutation. Although the lifetime risks of FTC or PPC for patients with BRCA heterozygotes are greater than those for the general population, the absolute risks seem relatively low.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The response of the human Fallopian tube to ergonovine and methyl-ergonovine in vivo.

Ergonovine maleate (EM) is a powerful stimulant of human tubal motility. It has been therefore thought that EM could interfere with normal ovum transport and serve as a contraceptive. The tube activating effects of EM and methyl EM were evaluated in 14 women and results confirmed that both are powerful stimulants of the human Fallopian tube. EM immediately post coitus significantly reduces the conception rate.

Ergonovine↗