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PubMed1996

Role of leukotriene C4 in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in female rat pituitary.

Leukotriene C4, at doses of 0.01 and 0.1 nmol/l added to superfused cells in pulse of 4-min duration, evoked follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release up to 12- to 26-fold of basal secretion. Higher and lower concentrations of leukotriene C4 were not able to induce FSH secretion. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced FSH release was reduced by 38-57% by the leukotriene receptor antagonist FPL 55712 (10 mumol/l). Moreover, we have shown that FSH release occurs parallel to leukotriene C4 synthesis in rat anterior pituitary cells. Mellitin (100 nmol/l), an activator of phospholipase A2, induced FSH and radioactivity secretion in rat anterior pituitary cells previously preincubated for 24 h with [3H]arachidonic acid (AA).

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Pulsatile LH-RH treatment induces a relatively low response of LH and FSH, while discontinuation enhances the response in women with amenorrhea of suprapituitary origin.

Five women with amenorrhea of suprapituitary origin were given intravenous injections of 10 micrograms LH-RH every 90 minutes for 4 days by means of a portable infusion pump. Immediately before and after this, the LH and FSH responses to a test dose of 100 micrograms LH-RH were measured. Four days after discontinuation of the treatment, so that LH and FSH could be measured, blood was sampled every 10 minutes for a period of 6 hours, during which 20 micrograms LH-RH was injected intravenously every hour. Finally, a test dose of 100 micrograms LH-RH was given. The whole procedure was repeated at least 6 weeks later, but this time hourly injections of 100 micrograms LH-RH were given 4 days after discontinuation of the pulsatile LH-RH treatment. Four days after the pulsatile LH-RH treatment was stopped, increased LH and FSH responses to LH-RH were observed. These could be reduced by 6 injections, given hourly, of either 20 or 100 micrograms LH-RH. Although the totally released amount of both LH and FSH did not differ between the two treatment regimens irrespective of the LH-RH dose used, the response of both gonadotropins to the LH-RH test dose after the hourly 100 micrograms LH-RH injections was significantly lower. This indicated that desensitization can be attributed, at least in part, to a lower responsiveness of LH and FSH to LH-RH when pulsatile LH-RH is given. Low responses during treatment with pulsatile LH-RH could not be related to higher concentrations of plasma estradiol. We conclude that women with amenorrhea of suprapituitary origin who are treated with pulsatile LH-RH have a low state of responsiveness to LH-RH, which can be caused by the presence of the LH-RH and might be attributed in part to desensitization by LH-RH. Removal of the LH-RH results in an enhancement of the responsiveness, as the pituitary gland might have recovered from this desensitization.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Effect of beta-adrenergic drugs on LH, FSH, and growth hormone (GH) secretion in conscious, ovariectomized rats.

The effects of third ventricular (3V) injection of the beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol (PROPR), a selective beta 1-antagonist, metoprolol (MET), a selective beta 2-antagonist, IPS 339, and a beta-adrenergic agonist (-) isoproterenol (ISOPR), on plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and growth hormone (GH) were studied in conscious, ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Samples were removed from unrestrained rats which had been previously implanted with atrial and 3V cannulae, and plasma hormone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Intraventricular injection of PROPR (30 micrograms), MET (40 micrograms), or IPS 339 (20 micrograms) induced a gradual elevation in plasma GH concentrations, whereas ISOPR (30 micrograms) reduced plasma GH. ISOPR (30 micrograms) brought about a decrease in plasma LH concentrations, but PROPR, MET and IPS 339 had no effect on LH levels. PROPR (30 micrograms) increased plasma FSH concentrations, but there was no significant effect of MET, IPS 339 or ISOPR on FSH secretion. The results indicate that the beta-adrenergic system can inhibit the release of GH, LH, and FSH. This system appears to have a tonic inhibitory effect on GH and FSH but not LH release in the OVX rat.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗

PubMed1990

[A study on LH- and FSH-RIA kits by immunoradiometric assay].

An evaluation of LH- and FSH-RIA BEAD kits based on IRMA was carried out. The results obtained with the methods characterized by the use of monoclonal antibodies, i.e., one is linked to solid phase, and another is isotopically labeled, were compared with those determined by the Daiichi LH- and FSH-kits. Intra- and inter-assay precision, recovery, linearity, and specificity of both methods were favorable without exceptions. The cross reactivity of the LH kit to 5,000 mIU/ml hCG revealed within the range of less than 3 mIU/ml. Significant correlations were observed between the results derived from conventional Daiichi LH- and FSH-kits. The results from the conventional kits exhibited 30 to 40% of those from the Daiichi kits, considered to be mainly due to the difference in standard calibrations used. Among the individuals within the normal menstrual cycle, the serum LH- and FSH-levels determined by the present kits gave a typical pattern with a peak in the preovulatory phase. On the other hand, the LH- and FSH-values of individuals in normal pregnancy revealed strikingly decreased in comparison with those of non-pregnant women.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Immediate and delayed effects of heat stress on follicular development and its association with plasma FSH and inhibin concentration in cows.

The aim of this study was to characterize the immediate effects of heat stress on plasma FSH and inhibin concentrations, and its involvement in follicular dynamics during a complete oestrous cycle, and to examine a possible delayed effect of heat stress on follicular development. Holstein dairy cows were oestrous synchronized and randomly assigned to either cooled (n = 7) or heat-stressed (n = 6) treatment groups. During a complete oestrous cycle, control cows, which were cooled, maintained normothermia, whereas heat-stressed cows, which were exposed to direct solar radiation, developed hyperthermia. At the end of this oestrous cycle (treated cycle), both groups were cooled and maintained normothermia for the first 10 days of the subsequent oestrous cycle. Throughout this period, follicular development was examined by ultrasonography, and plasma samples were collected. During the second follicular wave of the treated oestrous cycle, a significantly larger cohort of medium sized follicles (6-9 mm) was found in heat-stressed cows than in cooled cows (P < 0.05). The enhanced growth of follicles in this wave in heat-stressed cows was associated with a higher plasma FSH increase which lasted 4 more days (days 8-13 of the oestrous cycle; P < 0.05), and coincided with a decrease in the plasma concentration of immunoreactive inhibin (days 5-18 of the oestrous cycle; P < 0.05). During the follicular phase (days 17-20 of the treated cycle), heat-stressed cows showed an increase in the number of large follicles (>/= 10 mm), and the preovulatory plasma FSH surge was significantly higher in heat-stressed cows than in cooled cows (P < 0.01). The effect of heat stress was also observed during the first follicular wave of the subsequent cycle: the postovulatory plasma FSH concentration was higher (P < 0.01), but fewer medium follicles developed, and the first follicular wave decreased at a slower rate in previously heat-stressed cows than in cooled cows (0.40 and 0.71 follicles per day, respectively). This study shows both immediate and delayed effects of heat stress on follicular dynamics, which were associated with high FSH and low inhibin concentrations in plasma. These alterations may have physiological significance that could be associated with low fertility of cattle during the summer and autumn.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

LH and FSH response to synthetic LH-RH in children and adolescents with Turner's and Klinefelter's syndrome.

Stimulation with LH-RH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) was performed in 29 children and adolescents with Turner's syndrome (15 less than 13 years old), and in 11 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (7 before puberty). Synthetic LH-RH was injected intravenously in a dose of 25 mug/m2; plasma LH and FSH were determined radioimmunologically. The results show that patients with Turner's syndrome had pathologically elevated LH and FSH values at all ages. Normal LH and FSH results before and after LH-RH were found in 3 patients with X0/XX karyotype who had spontaneous menstruation. The 2 adult patients with Klinefelter's syndrome showed an exaggerated LH response and excessively high FSH levels before and after LH-RH, consistent with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Six out of 7 prepubertal boys with Klinefelter's syndrome, had a normal LH and FSH response to LH-RH. Only 1 prepubertal boy with cryptorchidism and genital maliformation in addition to the Klinefelter's syndrome had pathological values. The normal gonadotropin results in prepubertal patients with Klinefelter's syndrome show that their testes apparently loose the negative feedback activity on gonadotropin secretion only during puberty, at a time when tubular hyalinization appears. This is in contrast to Turner patients with gonadal dysgenesis who have hypergondadotropic hypogonadism already early in childhood.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Effect of naloxone on GnRH-induced LH and FSH release in buffalo, Bubalus bubalis.

The effect of naloxone on GnRH-induced LH and FSH release was measured in buffaloes in luteal phase of estrous cycle. Animals were administered intravenously, naloxone/saline (50 mg/injection) every 15 min for 3 hr followed by GnRH (100 micrograms). Peripheral plasma LH and FSH concentrations were measured in blood samples collected at 15 min intervals from 1 hr prior to beginning of naloxone/saline treatment up to 3 hr post GnRH administration and every 30 min for the subsequent 3.5 hr. Between the animals of Group I administered naloxone and those of Group II given saline, GnRH-induced peak LH and FSH concentrations, the total LH and FSH released in response to GnRH, and the time to peak LH and FSH concentrations were not significantly different. The results of the present study suggest the absence of a direct effect of naloxone on pituitary responsiveness to GnRH.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Prolactin inhibition of FSH-induced tissue type plasminogen activator expression in cultured rat granulosa cells.

This study was designed to investigate whether prolactin (PRL) affects coordinated regulation of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-I(PAI-I) gene expression in rat granulosa cells in vitro. Several methods, such as SDS-PAGE, immunoblot etc. were used to detect the effect of PRL on tPA and PAI-I gene expression. The results demonstrated: (1) PRL increases PAI-I mRNA production in cultured granulosa cells. Inclusion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) with PRL has a synergistic effect on the increase of PAI-I mRNA levels. After 48 h culture in the presence of FSH with PRL, a 7.8-fold increase in PAI-I mRNA levels is observed as compared with PRL alone. The synergistic increase in PAI-I mRNA levels occurs in a dose- and time-dependent manner; (2) the increase in PAI-I mRNA synthesis in the cells by PRL alone, or PRL in combination with FSH, is well correlated with the changes of PAI-I activity levels in the conditioned media; (3) PRL in culture also decreases FSH-induced tPA activity level in a dose-dependent fashion. The decrease in FSH-induced tPA activity level by PRL is correlated with an increase in the amount of PA-PAI-I complexes in the conditioned media. This suggests that the decline of tPA activity is related to neutralization of tPA by the increased PAI-I activity in the media.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Serum FSH and LH levels in women following surgical castration and during hormonal management of menopause symptoms].

Using the radioimmunological method, FSH and LH levels were determined in women immediately after surgical castration and after an elapse of 18 months to two years. A twofold increase in FSH was found already two days after castration, while an increase in LH only after six days. Increased FSH and LH levels were observed as late as after two years when upon the administraion of estrogens and androgens, the feed-back mechanism of the pituitary still plays a role. In women with pronounced menopausal disturbances the FSH and LH levels were followed up after the application of Folivirin and Agofollin-Depot over a period of two weeks. There was a constant decrease in FSH of all women immediately after the injection, while the responses in LH were subject to variation, the decreased LH levels being found in all the women only towards the end of the second week. Folivirin was found more suitable for mastering the menopausal disturbances.

Adnexa Uteri↗

PubMed2002

[The evaluation of estradiol and FSH serum levels in menopausal women with primary cataract].

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the serum levels of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in young women with cataract and control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We were evaluating levels of estradiol and FSH in 31 women (aged 31 to 54 years; mean age 46.2 years) operated due to senile cataract and in 31 women (aged 37 to 53 years; mean age 44.2 years) without clinical evidence of cataract--control group. We excluded all subjects with cataract of non-senile origin with other factors predisposing to cataract development (i.e. diabetes, hypoparathyroidism, myopia, glaucoma, injury, roentgen radiation, drugs, family prevalence). The serum levels of hormones were evaluated between 19th and 21st day of menstruation cycle using immunoenzymatic assay. All patients had negative history of estrogen use. Subjects underwent a detailed eye examination including: visual acuity, tonometry, slit lamp biomicroscopy and direct ophthalmoscopy after pupil dilatation with 1% Tropicamide. RESULTS: There was significant difference of mean serum levels of estradiol and FSH between patients and control group, but no significant difference of mean age. There was significant dependence between menopausal syndrome symptoms and occurrence of cataract (p = 0.00001). There was also significant dependence between hormones' levels typical for menopause and occurrence of cataract (p = 0.00026). We found significant negative correlation (R = -0.6370, p = 0.00027) between estradiol and FSH, and positive correlation (R = 0.46267, p = 0.0088) between age and FSH, in patients with cataract. No significant correlations were noted in control group. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of other predisposing factors and young age of patients allow to establish a conclusion, that occurrence of cataract in this group may be associated with menopausal period changes and lack of protective action of estrogens. It seems to be important, to take special ophthalmology care of premenopausal women with menopausal syndrome symptoms. It requires continuation of studies, to assess the possibility of protective role of hormone replacement therapy, to prevent cataract development.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Serum and semen levels of immunoreactive prolactin, LH and FSH in normospermic, oligospermic and azoospermic men with obstructive infertility prior to and after vasoepididymostomy.

Attempts were made to validate RIA for prolactin (PRL), LH and FSH in semen from normospermic, oligospermic and azoospermic subjects. The RIA used to measure PRL and LH in semen fulfilled the criteria of reliability, whereas low levels of FSH in semen precluded the validation of FSH assay in semen. Semen levels of PRL and LH were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than serum levels in all groups of subjects investigated. Semen levels of FSH in azoospermic men after vasoepididymostomy (VEA), were significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to azoospermic men prior to surgery. Serum levels of PRL were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in normospermic men compared to oligospermic and azoospermic men prior to and after surgery. Semen levels of PRL in normospermic men were comparable with oligospermic and azoospermic subjects prior to and after surgery. Serum levels of LH in oligospermic and azoospermic men who did not undergo surgery and in men reporting oligospermia after VEA were comparable to normospermic subjects but in men showing azoospermia post surgically, serum LH levels were significantly (P < 0.005) elevated. Semen levels of LH in men reporting azoospermia before surgery and in subjects showing oligospermia or azoospermia post surgically were significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared to men with normal sperm count. Serum levels of FSH were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) compared to semen levels in oligospermic men prior to surgery but this increase was not seen in post VEA subjects. These results were discussed.

Epididymis↗

PubMed2003

The differential secretion of FSH and LH: regulation through genes, feedback and packaging.

While the role of oestradiol and progesterone in the control of GnRH pulsatile secretion and generation of the preovulatory GnRH surge to induce release of the LH surge has been fully investigated, less attention has been given to changes in the pituitary gland that may sensitize gonadotrophs to switch from pulsatile release to surge release of LH, in particular. Furthermore, in the follicular phase while pulsatile secretion of LH is maximal, FSH secretion is reduced, yet both hormones are produced by the same gonadotrophs. The mechanisms whereby this differential release can occur are still unclear. The main regulator of FSH secretion is through the negative feedback effects of oestradiol and inhibin, which directly affect FSHbeta mRNA content and subsequent synthesis of FSH. FSH is then released predominantly via a constitutive pathway and the amount released is closely related to the rate of synthesis. In contrast, while basal LH secretion occurs via a constitutive pathway, the principal release of LH through pulsatile secretion is through the regulated pathway with GnRH stimulating the release of pre-synthesized LH contained in storage granules without significant changes in LHbeta mRNA. Secretogranin II (SgII) is associated with LH in these electron-dense storage granules and LH-SgII granules appear to be the principal form of granule released in response to GnRH through the regulated pathway. At the time of the preovulatory LH surge, granule movement to the gonadotrope cell membrane abutting a capillary, polarization, appears to play an important part in the priming mechanism for release of LH during the preovulatory LH surge in response to the GnRH surge. As there appears to be limited or no gonadotroph cell division in the adult pituitary gland, each gonadotroph passes through this synthesis and secretion pathway repeatedly through successive oestrous cycles. Packaging of LH and FSH into different secretory granules within the same cell is thus pivotal for the differential secretion of these gonadotrophins.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Androgens and FSH affect androgen receptor and aromatase distribution in the porcine ovary.

In the present study the authors investigated whether androgens could interact with FSH to induce aromatase and androgen receptor expression in porcine granulosa cells. Dissected whole porcine follicles (small, medium, and large) were incubated for 8 hours in M199 medium supplemented with testosterone (10(-7) M), FSH (100 ng/ml) or both those hormones. After incubation, the follicles were fixed and immunostained to visualise androgen receptor and aromatase. In cultures of granulosa cells isolated from small and large follicles, oestrogen secretion was measured by appropriate RIA. Incubation of follicles with testosterone and FSH increased aromatase immunoreactivity in preantral and early antral (i.e. small) follicles. The immunostaining for androgen receptor was slightly higher in medium follicles, while such hormonal stimulation had no effect on small and large follicles. Moreover, granulosa cells isolated from small follicles cultured with both testosterone and FSH produced more estradiol than control cultures (40 pg vs. 100 pg/10(5) cells). The level was relatively close to that obtained in the culture of control granulosa cells isolated from large preovulatory follicles (105 pg/10(5) cells). These results indicate that testosterone acts synergistically with FSH to increase aromatase expression in the small porcine follicles.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

In vitro effect of leptin on steroids' secretion by FSH- and LH-treated porcine small, medium and large preovulatory follicles.

The role of exogenous leptin in the follicular steroidogenesis in pigs has not been fully elucidated and available data are controversial. In the current study porcine follicles were recovered from ovaries during early, middle, and preovulatory stages of the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. Follicles were cultured in the presence of the recombinant ovine leptin (oLEP) with or without LH (100 ng/ml) or FSH (100 ng/ml). Medium estradiol (E(2)), testosterone (T) and progesterone (P(4)) concentrations were determined after 48h of culture. Leptin at a dose of 2 ng/ml had no effect on basal E(2) and T secretion by small and medium follicles but decreased E(2) secretion by large follicles. Significant synergistic action of FSH and leptin resulting in a 2 - 5 fold stimulation of E(2) secretion by small and medium follicles was observed. The aromatase inhibitor, CGS 16949A augmented T secretion and inhibited E(2) secretion by control and FSH-treated medium follicles. In FSH and leptin-treated follicles, the inhibitory action of CGS 16949A on E(2) secretion was observed. However, there was no augmentation of T secretion. In leptin-treated follicles the stimulatory action on P(4) secretion was observed only during the preovulatory stage. In these follicles, significant synergistic action of leptin with LH on P(4) secretion was also noted. These results indicate that there is a maturation-dependent action of leptin on both E(2) and P(4) secretion. They also suggest a synergistic action of leptin and FSH on E(2) secretion by small and medium follicles as well as leptin and LH on P(4) secretion by large follicles in pigs.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Inhibin and oestradiol in the control of FSH secretion in the sheep.

In the sheep both FSH and LH are necessary for development of large antral follicles. The secretion of FSH is controlled by the negative feedback effect of two ovarian hormones, oestradiol and inhibin, acting at the level of the anterior pituitary. Both are derived from the granulosa cells of large antral follicles which are present in sheep ovaries throughout the oestrous cycle. FSH stimulates growth and mitosis and so the fully differentiated granulosa cells of the large preovulatory follicles acquire receptors for LH, have maximal aromatase activity and produce large amounts of inhibin. The number of these large antral follicles (oestrogenic) which have the potential for ovulation corresponds to the ovulation rate specific for each particular breed of sheep. Over 90% of the oestradiol secreted by the ovaries is derived from these chosen follicles. In contrast, inhibin (and androstenedione) is also secreted by large antral follicles which have lost or not yet acquired maximal aromatase activity. The secretion of oestradiol by the preovulatory follicle(s) is dependent on the supply of androgen precursors produced by the theca which is stimulated by LH. When the concentration of progesterone falls at the end of the luteal phase the increased secretion of LH stimulates the progressive increase in secretion of oestradiol which occurs during the follicular phase. At this stage of the cycle there is a modest inconsistent rise in inhibin, the secretion of which is not stimulated by LH but is related to the increase in the number of large antral follicles. It is suggested that inhibin with its long half-life sets the overall level of negative feedback while oestradiol is responsible for the day-to-day fluctuations in the concentration of FSH which determines the number of ovulatory follicles. This dual control of FSH is adapted to monitor both the total number of large antral follicles in the ovaries (inhibin) and the number which are selected for ovulation (oestradiol).

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Inhibition of FSH augmented adenylate cyclase activity in porcine granulosa cells by ovarian protein.

We sought to evaluate the effects of a fraction of porcine follicular fluid, termed follicle regulatory protein (FRP), on FSH-induced adenylate cyclase activity in porcine granulosa cell membranes using Gpp(NH)p and forskolin as pharmacological probes of adenylate cyclase activity. Without FSH treatment, the addition of 100 micrograms/ml of the FRP fraction induced a significant decrease in Gpp(NH)p stimulated cyclase activity while maximal inhibition of cAMP formation was achieved with 1 mg/ml of FRP. Granulosa cells cultured with FSH reached a maximum in adenylate cyclase activity at 20 min which returned to baseline by 45 minutes. FRP induced a reduction in adenylate cyclase activity during this same interval of time. Adenylate cyclase activity of cells treated with FRP was unchanged in the presence of methyl-isobutal-xanthine. Further, when FRP was heated (56 degrees C, 45 min) or precipitated with 10% TCA, it was unable to inhibit adenylate cyclase. The 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) for FRP inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in cells stimulated with Gpp(NH)p was 80 micrograms/ml and 500 micrograms/ml when granulosa cells were preincubated with FSH prior to Gpp(NH)p stimulation. The ID50 for the FRP inhibition of forskolin stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was 500 micrograms/ml. Gpp(NH)p stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was more sensitive than forskolin stimulated activity to inhibition by FRP. In conclusion, the data presented here demonstrate that a partially purified fraction of porcine follicular fluid inhibited FSH responsive adenylate cyclase activity in porcine granulosa cells.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗

PubMed1989

[Changes in serum FSH, LH and ovarian follicular growth during electroacupuncture for induction of ovulation].

Changes in serum FSH, LH and follicular sizes were observed in chronically anovulatory patients during electroacupuncture treatment (EAT) for induction of ovulation. 7 cases were diagnosed as PCOD, 3 as dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and 1 as hypogonadotropic amenorrhea. Among them 8 cases complained of infertility for 2.7 years on average. Ovulation was confirmed by pregnancy or the combination of biphasic BBT and ultrasonographic evidence. During one cycle with 3-day EAT on acupoints Ren 3, 4, Extra 16 and Sp 6, ovulation resulted in 5 patients (ovulatory group) and among the 5 cases, 3 of 4 infertile cases became pregnant. The other 5 cases remained in anovulation (anovulatory group); of them 3 cases got biphasic BBT, but no typical ovulatory signs were found on ultrasonography; 2 cases remained in monophasic BBT. Serum FSH, LH values were elevated in ovulatory group, and FSH pulsatile frequency increased significantly during EAT (from 2.10 +/- 0.42/4h to 3.70 +/- 1.64/4h), but not in anovulatory group. No apparent changes were found in serum LH pulsatile frequency and pulsatile amplitudes of FSH and LH in this study. In ovulatory group diameters of ovarian follicles increased markedly, while diameters of anovulatory group stopped to grow at 14-16 mm. It is suggested that ovulation may be induced by EAT via a regulation on hypothalamic-pituitary function leading to normal secretion of FSH and LH.

Acupuncture Therapy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Daily or alternate-day FSH therapy in patients with polycystic ovarian disease resistant to clomiphene citrate treatment.

The effectiveness of intramuscular follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) administered as daily or alternate-day injections to patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) who previously failed to ovulate on clomiphene citrate was compared. The study comprised 20 treatment cycles of daily FSH and 19 of alternate-day FSH in 12 patients. The overall ovulation rate per cycle was 78% and was similar for both groups. Nine out of 12 patients achieved a pregnancy, with twice as many occurring in the alternate-day group. It is concluded that alternate-day FSH therapy is as effective as daily FSH in achieving ovulation and pregnancies in patients with PCOD resistant to treatment with clomiphene citrate.

Adult↗