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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Long-term vasoligation in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).

The effects of long-term (14 months) unilateral vasoligation on the tests and their excurrent ducts of the domestic fowl were studied histologically and ultrastructurally. Severe testicular degeneration and epididymal atrophy were observed in the ipsilateral organs while the contralateral control organs were normal. Massive macrophage activity was observed in the epididymal regions and to a lesser extent in some severely degenerated seminiferous tubules. Several granulomata occurred in the epididymal regions and the ducti deferentes, and most were resorbed or were undergoing resorption at the time of examination.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Classical fowl plague virus reproduction in the body of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes].

The results of the studies on fowl plague virus (FPV, Rostok strain) reproduction in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are presented. The virus-containing allantoic fluid was inoculated intrathoracally in volumes of 0.1 and 0.2 microliter. The virus was isolated in chick embryos and could be detected at 5--14 days after inoculation. After inoculation of 0.1 microliter of virus it could be detected in doses of 0.5, 2.0, 1.75 Ig2 ID50, after inoculation of 0.2 microliter--in doses of 5, 1.5, and 0.5 Ig2 ID50.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fowl cholera: cross-protection induced by Pasteurella multocida separated from infected turkey blood.

Crude liver homogenates from turkeys that died of fowl cholera produced by serotype 1 or 3 Pasteurella multocida induced cross-protection. Pasteurella multocida harvested from the blood of infected turkeys by a centrifugal technique were as immunogenic as the liver homogenates. Neither bacterial cell-free blood plasma nor washed P. multocida from infected turkeys induced significant cross-protection. Blood plasma containing P. multocida induced significant cross-protection. Pasteurella multocida grown in the turkey underwent bacteriolysis after thawing from a frozen state. Filtered lysates did not induce cross-protection when used as vaccines whereas unfiltered lysates did. Membrane filters impeded passage of immunogenic material.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Responses of domestic fowl to repeated +Gz acceleration.

The responses of domestic fowl to repeated exposures of 4 min to +6Gz (8 times daily, 5 d weekly) are reported. Survivorship curves for the test group of 48 birds divided into three response categories: mode I, highly susceptible, with all individuals dying on the first day; mode II, more tolerant, with mortality occurring within the first 20 d of treatment; and mode III, highly tolerant, with mortality occurring only after 20 d of treatment. Observations of lymphocyte frequency, an index of systemic stress, and postmortem observations indicate that this heterogeniety has a biological basis.

Acceleration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DDT administration: haematological effects observed in the crowned guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris).

The continued use of chlorinated hydrocarbons as pesticides prompted an investigation into the effects of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) on the blood of the crowned guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris). Birds were acclimated for 10 weeks, and haematological data obtained after this period served as baseline values. DDT was then administered per os at 75 ppm/kg body mass. This treatment was continued daily for 5 days. Subsequent blood analyses illustrated significant effects on several of the test parameters.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attenutated live fowl cholera vaccine. III. Laboratory and field vaccination trials in turkeys and chickens.

Administered via the drinking water, M-3-G, an attenuated strain of Pasteurella multocida of serotype 1, was found to immunize turkeys and chickens against fowl cholera. Immunity was tested by challenging birds intramuscularly, by palatine cleft swab, or orally after 3 vaccinations. No reactions to vaccination were noted in 390 turkeys in 12 laboratory trials, nor in 20,245 vaccinated in field trials. Chickens showed no vaccination reactions, and immunity was elicited by challenge in a laboratory trial and in face of natural outbreaks in the field, where 11,600 chickens were vaccinated. No vaccination reactions were noted, although most birds involved in the trials were carrying Mycoplasma spp. Immunity was found to last about 10 weeks after the last vaccination. The immunizing properties of M-3-G are compared with the CU strain.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Fine structure of the paraventricular magnocellular neurons in the domestic fowl.

The morphology of the PVN of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) was studied by the Golgi method and the electron microscope. The magnocellular neurons of the PVN are periventricularly scattered, in the region caudal to the anterior commissure, and they are situated in small clusters. Their ultrastructural features are the presence of a large amount of cytoplasm containing also few dense-core vesicles (1100--1500 A in diameter). In the neuropil axosomatic and axodendritic synapses are seen. Some of these show also dense-core vesicles (600--900 A).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The articulations of the neurocranium in the postnatal skeleton of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus).

In the neurocranium of the domestic fowl the centres of ossification present at hatching and appearing susbequently have been investigated and illustrated. The controversy over centres around the orbit is reviewed and it is concluded that paired laterally placed pleurosphenoids are present by the time of hatching, while paired orbitosphenoids situated near the midline and dorsal to the optic foramen do not appear until between 70 and 91 days after hatching. No additional "presphenoid" centres were detected. The neurocranial articulations were studied: 27, many of them paired, were identified. The sequence and timing of synostosis were determined.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A fowl typhoid outbreak in a chicken breeder flock.

Fowl typhoid was diagnosed in a 1-year-old light-breed brown-egg-laying chicken breeder flock and in a 16-week-old progeny pullet flock on the same farm. Salmonella gallinarum was cultured from chickens in both flocks. Signs and lesions were typical. The disease was confined to the one farm. The source was suspected to have been a grossly contaminated well.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Central effects of histamine and H1 and H2 receptors agonists and antagonists after intraventricular infusion in fowls.

In adult fowls (Gallus deomesticus) the effects of histamine H2 and H2 histamine receptors angonists and antagonists infused into the III cerebral ventricle were studied on behaviour, electrocortical activity and body temperature. Histamine produced biphasic effects, i.e. an initial period of electrocortical synchronization was followed by a longer-lasting behavioural stimulation, electrocortical desynchronization and shivering. Body temperature was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Dimaprit, an agonist at H2 receptors, produced behavioural and electrocortical sleep and decreased body temperature whereas, 2-(2-thiazolyl-)-ethyl-amine, an agonist at H1 receptors, behavioural stimulation, electrocortical desynchronization, vocalization and hyperthermia. Cimetidine, an antagonist at H2 receptors, produced intense behavioural stimulation and electrocortical desynchronization accompanied by vocalization, tachypnoea, occasional escape responses and stereotypies. Body temperature was increased. Mepyramine, an antagonist at H1 receptors, produced behavioural and electrocortical sleep and prevented behavioural excitation elicited by subsequent infusion of histamine and hyperthermia evoked by 2-(2-thiazolyl -ethylamine. Haloperidol, a neuroleptic drug, sharing with mepyramine membrane stabilizing properties, was unable to antagonize histamine-induced behavioural excitation. In conclusion, present experiments provide pharmacological evidence for the existence of H1 and H2 histamine receptors in avian brain and suggest an involvement of histamine H1 and H2 receptors in the control of arousal-sleep and thermoregulatory mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Non-adrenergic inhibitory and non-cholinergic excitatory neural involvement in DMPP and nicotine action of fowl rectum.

Pharmacological analysis of the mechanical responses of fowl rectum to DMPP and nicotine showed that nicotinic stimulation produced varied responses on different segments. On the whole/distal segment DMPP and nicotine induced relaxations. On the proximal segment, DMPP induced relaxation whereas nicotine produced biphasic response. Termination of the adrenergic function converted the relaxatory responses of DMPP and nicotine to biphasic ones, the contractile component of which was potentiated by neostigmine and partially inhibited by atropine. This response was completely abolished by ganglion blockers. On cooled tissue preparations, neither nicotinic nor electrical stimulations elicited any response. These findings implicate the participation of non-adrenergic inhibitory and non-cholinergic excitatory neural elements besides the adrenergic and cholinergic ones to nicotinic stimulation.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1977

The behaviour of pigment cells in the leg muscle compartments of Silver Campine fowl.

The presence of pigment cells in the leg muscle of Silver Campine fowl is ascertained. Transverse sections of legs of 16 and 21 day embryos gave similar results. Analysis of the states of differentiation indicates three types of pigment cells contained by the leg muscles. The relationship between the tissue environment and the melanoblast differentiation is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Live vaccine for oral immunization against avian encephalomyelitis of fowl].

Strain C 2653 have proved to be applicable with good success as a live vaccine to treat avian encephalomyelitis. The virus is excreted by immunised animals up to roughly three weeks from immunisation and absorbed by non-immunised animals. Propagation and excretion of the immunisation virus will bring about sufficient immunity of the entire herd, within something between four and eight weeks from immunisation. Something between two and four per cent of the individuals in one herd are treated by crop instillation, which works well in cases of floor keeping. Yet, contact of all animals with the immunisation virus cannot be ensured, if the same technique is applied to animals kept in cages. Administration of the vaccine in pressure compensating vessels of the cage nipple lines or valve-operated drinking grooves in floor-keeping fowl houses will increase the amount by vaccine needed by the factor of 2.5, as compared to crop instillation, but the entire stock will be immunised in a shorter period of time, with 80 per cent of man-hours being saved. Application to floor-kept animals can be further simplified, which was demonstrated by the experimental prototype of a new drug proportioning device. Five times more vaccine will be needed, as compared to crop instillation, but that higher quantity is offset by more savings in man-hours.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Egg transmission of egg drop syndrome 1976 virus in fowl.

Egg transmission of egg drop syndrome 1976 virus (BC14 virus) in fowl was demonstrated in the second and third week after experimental infection. Eggs of BC14 virus infected hens were incubated weekly after disinfection with formaline gas. After 18 days of incubation, eggs with live embryos were homogenized. This egg material was fed to adult hens, housed in isolators. Seroconversion in these birds demonstrated egg transmission. It is suggested that egg transmission occurs as a result of viremia.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1982

[Immunogenic properties of lyophilized vaccine against fowl pox produced on a New Jersey strain of pigeon].

Studied was a freeze-dried vaccine against fowl pox, which was produced with the pigeon type of the New Jersey strain and was considered an innocuous and immunogenic biopreparation for birds of all ages. There were neither complications after vaccination via the wing web or through rubbing the leg nor any drop in egg laying. The vaccine stored at 4 degrees C retained its immunogenic properties in the course of one year (the period of observation).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transmission studies involving a wet fowl pox isolate.

An isolate of fowl pox (FP) virus from a case of "wet" pox in commercial white leghorn (WL) pullets was used to expose WL cockerels via the comb-scratch (CS), eye-drop (ED), or laryngeal-swab (LS) route. Seven days postinoculation (PI), the groups challenged via CS had scabby proliferative pox lesions at the challenge site, the groups challenged via LS had slight dyspnea and rales, and 20% of the cockerels challenged via ED had mild conjunctivitis and lacrimation. By termination of the trial on day 21 PI, the CS-challenged groups had developed pronounced pox lesions. The LS-challenged groups showed severe dyspnea and rales with pronounced raised plaque-like lesions at the opening to the trachea and extending into the upper quarter of the trachea with heavy yellowish caseous exudate partly occluding the glottis. The ED-challenged groups had severe lacrimation and conjunctivitis and small pox lesions on the face, comb, and wattles; 12 of 18 had proliferative lesions on the oral mucosa in the area of the larynx. Forty-five percent of the LS-challenged groups died of suffocation. Pox virus was re-isolated from tissues in all treatment groups. Wet pox transmission appears to be possible via the LS and ED routes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A histomorphological study on the endocrine portion of the pancreas in swan and fowl.

The distribution and the histomorphological features of the endocrine portion of the pancreas of both swan and fowl were studied. The Insulae pancreaticae in both birds could be differentiated into three variaties, viz.: The Alpha-, the Beta-, and the mixed-islets. The Alpha-islets were consisted of Alpha-cells and few Delta-cells. The Beta-islets were composed to various amounts of Beta- and Delta-cells. The mixed-islands contained either Alpha-cells and few Beta-cells or Alpha-cells and few Beta- and Delta-cells.

Animals↗