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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Separation and quantitation of fatty acids, sterols and bile acids in feces by gas chromatography as the butyl ester-acetate derivatives.

A system allowing the separation and quantitation of individual species of fecal fatty acids, sterols and bile acids in a single chromatographic step is described. The system is based on the butylation of carboxyl groups and acetylation of free hydroxyls of the compounds in fecal lipid extracts, followed by their resolution by temperature-programmed gas chromatography. As the butyl ester-acetate derivatives, fatty acids, sterols and bile acids elute separately and with no overlap on a variety of chromatographic columns, obviating the need for prior separation of each class by thin-layer or column chromatography. All common bile acids, a wide variety of sterols and keto-steroids, as well as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids may be routinely resolved. Quantitation is facilitated by the addition of the internal standards, heptadecanoic acid and nor-deoxycholic acid to each sample. With an automatic sample injector, the rapid assessment of a wide range of potential risk factors for colorectal cancer may be carried out in large numbers of samples.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed2000

Specific detection of bifidobacterium strains in a pharmaceutical probiotic product and in human feces by polymerase chain reaction.

For PCR specific detection of the strains Bifidobacterium longum Y 10, B. infantis Y 1 and B. breve Y 8 used in a new probiotic product (VSL-3), strains-specific rDNA primers have been developed. Spacer regions between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes (ITS) of the three strains were amplified by PCR with conserved primers and the nucleotide sequence of these ITSs were determined. On the basis of their comparison with the rDNA sequences retrieved from GenBank, we designed new primers which specifically recognize the species B. breve and the two strains B. infantis Y 1 and B. breve Y 8. Specificity of these primers was confirmed through the analysis of 60 bifidobacteria strains belonging to the more representative human species. The feasibility of this PCR method was investigated in commercial VSL-3 product and fecal samples collected from 4 patients affected by inflammatory bowel deseases and two healthy subjects before and after the VSL-3 administration. By PCR analysis of different VSL-3 commercial batches we were successful in differentiating and quantifying the strains B. longum Y 10, B. infantis Y 1 and B. breve Y 8. B. infantis Y 1 and B. breve Y 8 could be detected at high concentration in fecal specimens of both patients and subjects treated with the probiotic preparation, showing a different colonization behaviour. Seven days after the VSL-3 treatment suspension, no patients and subjects harbored B. infantis Y 1 and B. breve Y 8, indicating a transient presence of these exogenous strains.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid methods to isolate Cryptosporidium DNA from frozen feces for PCR.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers one of the most sensitive methods for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum but its sensitivity in fecal material can be greatly reduced by a variety of poorly defined 'inhibitors'. Methods that separate the parasitic oocyst from fecal material prior to DNA extraction circumvent inhibitor interference but are problematic for frozen specimens since 'intact' oocysts are required for separation. We report here a relatively low-cost, rapid method for extracting C. parvum DNA from frozen fecal materials that can be used in a PCR assay for detection of single parasitic oocysts.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Detection of intrinsic vancomycin resistant enterococci in animal and human feces.

Fecal samples from animal species and humans were analyzed by quantitative culture for enterococci and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). Each host species carried enterococci which exhibited intrinsic intermediate resistance to vancomycin and sensitivity to teicoplanin (Van C phenotype). The carriage rate in humans was 9%. Carriage rates varied among animal species with the highest percentages being found in deer, duck, goose, horse and turkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A simple polymerase chain reaction technique to detect and differentiate Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli in human feces.

A simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure using IS630-specific primers was developed as a general diagnostic probe to detect Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). However, IS630 and the other two previously reported molecular probes, ipaH and ial, cannot be used to differentiate among Shigella serotypes and EIEC strains that cause dysentery. The sensitivity of PCR protocol was determined to be 100-200 shigellae for each PCR reaction. An enrichment incubation would allow the detection of shigellae in stool samples with low bacterial concentration; i.e., < 10(4) CFU/gram. Serotype-specific primers derived from the rfc genes of differentiate among Shigella serotypes in the laboratory, such as S. sonnei, S. flexneri, and S. dysenteriae 1. It was demonstrated further that the multiplex PCR system containing rfc-specific primers can efficiently identify the most prominent Shigella serotypes in raw stool samples of acute diarrheal patients.

Centrifugation↗
PubMed1990

Frequency of occurrence and characterization of catalase negative Campylobacter isolated from human feces in Vienna.

Of a total of 124 Campylobacter (C.) strains isolated 1988 from fecal specimens, 4 (3.2%) were catalase-negative. Two strains were catalase-negative variants of C. jejuni. The other two were identified as C. upsaliensis on the basis of their biochemical properties and of the results of DNA-DNA hybridization with biotinylated probes from C. upsaliensis and C. jejuni. Both had been isolated from patients after their return from Asia (India and Thailand, respectively). In one case, a significant decrease of the antibody titre was observed within 12 months when the patient strain was used as an antigen. Since this patient had been suffering from diarrhoea during her stay and since with the exception of amoebic cysts, no other intestinal pathogen was isolated, C. upsaliensis is thought to have been the reason for the diarrhoeal episode.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of Klebsiella terrigena from human feces: biochemical reactions, capsule types, and antibiotic sensitivity.

Colonization of the human intestinal tract by a newly proposed species, K. terrigena, was investigated. 5377 different stool specimens from healthy persons (food handlers) yielded 50 isolates (0.9%). Biochemically, low frequencies in the degradation of urea, dulcitol, and utilization of citrate at 37 degrees C were found when compared to K. pneumoniae. At 30 degrees C, urea hydrolysis was observed twice as often as at 37 degrees C. Apart from ampicillin, K. terrigena was susceptible to 12 other antimicrobial drugs tested. Multiple drug resistance was rare, few isolates being resistant against 2-4 antibiotic agents. Capsule typing revealed 30 different serotypes, K 70 and K 14 were the most frequent. Six strains expressed capsule types K 2 and K 5, which have been reported to be associated with virulence in K. pneumoniae. A possible pathogenic role of K. terrigena is discussed.

Carrier State↗