Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FATTY ACIDS, ESSENTIAL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Minimum requirements of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids for the function of the central nervous system and for the prevention of chronic disease.

General behavioral patterns of rats or mice fed 5 wt% safflower oil (75% linoleate [n-6] and less than 0.1% alpha-linolenate [n-3]) for two generations were significantly different from those of animals fed 5 wt% perilla oil (15% n-6 and 55% n-3). Also, brightness-discrimination learning ability and retinal function were higher in the perilla group than in the group fed 5 wt% soybean oil (53% n-6 and 4.7% n-3) or safflower oil, indicating that the requirement of n-3 for the maximum responses of the nervous system is above 0.6 en% when there is 6.8 en% linoleate n-6. Perilla oil has been found to be beneficial for the suppression of carcinogenesis, allergic hyperreactivity, thrombotic tendency, apoplexy, hypertension, and aging in animals, as compared with soybean oil and safflower oil. These results are against a lipid peroxide theory of aging, carcinogenesis, and chronic diseases. Animal experiments and epidemiological studies lead to a recommendation that the intake of n-6 should be decreased to as low as 2-4 en% and that of n-3 be increased to levels higher than linoleate n-6 for the prevention of chronic diseases prevailing in the industrialized countries.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Essential fatty acid deficiency in human adults during total parenteral nutrition.

Three patients undergoing prolonged total parenteral nutrition at home developed skin lesions, characterized by dryness and scaly appearance, initially confined to the folds but becoming subsequently generalized. Fatty acid measurements in plasma of these patients showed a markedly abnormal lipid pattern: accumulation of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3omega9) and a high 20:3omega9-to-20:4omega6 ratio. When parenteral fat (Intralipid) was administered, 500 ml/day, serial measurements of fatty acids showed a progressive normalization of the abnormal pattern and a dramatic improvement in the skin lesions. It appears that the daily requirement for linoleic acid in the adult, particularly during the period of rapid anabolism, has not been clearly established. Because more and more patients are becoming partly or totally dependent on parenteral nutrition for prolonged periods of time, the availability of parenteral fat preparations is urgently needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Essential fatty acids and prostaglandins.

Arachidonic acid takes part in a number of complicated enzymic processes in which not only the prostaglandins but also the intermediate products of their biosynthesis have important physiological effects. The prostaglandin-synthesizing system can convert a large number of nonnatural substrates, leading to the formation of substituted prostaglandins, some of which have interesting pharmacological properties. The prostaglandin-synthesizing system is found both in the higher animals and in lower animals such as the corals and mussels. So far there have been no indications that this system occurs in the plant kingdom, even in those plants which are able to produce arachidonic acid. It is attractive to assume that this arachidonic acid-prostaglandin system functions as a regulator of certain membrane functions for which there is no parallel need in the plant.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Lipoprotein(a), essential fatty acid status and lipoprotein lipids in female Australian vegetarians.

In the present study we investigated serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels, plasma lipids, the serum phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and correlates of serum Lp(a) in healthy free-living female vegetarians (n=50) and omnivores (n=24) to assess differences which may have implications for cardiovascular risk. Dietary saturated fat and total plasma cholesterol were significantly lower in the vegetarians compared with omnivores. The mean serum Lp(a) concentration was lower in the vegetarians (171 mg/l) than in the omnivores (247 mg/l). The serum Lp(a) concentration was significantly negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake (as % of energy), and positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol. Compared with the omnivores, the vegetarians had significantly lower concentrations of 20:3,n-6, 20:4,n-6, 22:5,n-6, 20:5,n-3, 22:6,n-3 and total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a lower n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio, in serum phospholipids. Lower concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, serum phospholipid total fatty acids, total saturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid, and a tendency towards a lower serum Lp(a) concentration, in vegetarians may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk. However, the decreased concentration of serum phospholipid n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may potentially promote thrombotic risk. Based on the present data, it would seem appropriate for omnivores to reduce their dietary intake of total fat and saturated fat in order to decrease their plasma cholesterol, and vegetarians should perhaps increase their dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and thus improve the balance of n-3/n-6, in order to reduce any thrombotic tendency that might increase their generally low risk of cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Enzyme deletions and essential fatty acid metabolism in cultured cells.

Conversion of 14C-labeled linoleic acid to dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acids, precursors of the PG1 and PG2 series of prostaglandins, was examined in a number of mammalian cell lines in tissue culture. Diploid cells converted linoleate to arachidonate in good yield. Heteroploid or transformed cells did not desaturate linoleic acid but readily converted dihomo-gamma-[14C]linolenate to arachidonate. These observations demonstrate that separate delta6 and delta5 desaturases are involved in the conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid in mammals. The results indicate that loss or modification of the delta6 desaturase system is a frequent occurrence in transformed cells.

Arachidonic Acids↗