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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Decreased orocaecal transit time, as measured by the exhalation of hydrogen, in hyperthyroid cats.

Orocaecal transit time was assessed in healthy cats and cats with hyperthyroidism by means of the breath hydrogen test using a standard liquid meal with lactulose. The median transit time in 10 healthy cats was 98 minutes (range 60 to 150 minutes) and 90 minutes (range 75 to 150 minutes) in a repeated assessment. The median transit time in 10 cats with hyperthyroidism was 53 minutes (range 45 to 150 minutes) which was significantly more rapid (P < 0.05) than in the healthy cats.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Influence of different therapeutic strategies on exhaled NO and lung inflammation in asthma and COPD.

Nitric oxide (NO), a simple free radical gas, elicits a diverse range of physiological and pathophysiological effects, and plays an important role in pulmonary diseases. Nitrosative stress and nitration of proteins in airway epithelium maybe responsible for steroid resistance in asthma and their ineffectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), supporting the potential role of future therapeutic strategies aimed at regulating NO synthesis in asthma and COPD. Here, we have reviewed the potential role of NO modulators (NO synthase inhibitors and NO donors), which if given on a regular basis may have clinical benefit in asthma and COPD.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2005

Nitroglycerin-patch induced tolerance is associated with reduced ability of nitroglycerin to increase exhaled nitric oxide.

Nitroglycerin (GTN), used in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, acts through the liberation of nitric oxide (NO). However, its clinical use is limited due to tolerance development. Expired NO was used as an indicator of GTN-bioactivation and was measured together with plasma nitrite and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during GTN indicator infusions. The model was applied in rabbits subjected to various time periods of low-dose GTN pretreatment by patch application for 1, 24 and 72 h. Pretreatment with GTN-patch resulted in significant attenuation of expired NO from the GTN indicator infusion in the 24 h and 72 h pretreatment groups compared to placebo (72 h). Dose-response curves with increasing GTN infusions after 24 h GTN-patch pretreatment revealed a significant attenuation of the MAP decrease compared to placebo. GTN-induced changes in plasma nitrite correlated to increases in expired NO and decreases in MAP. This indicates that expired NO could serve as an indicator of NO generation from GTN in the vascular system. We conclude that GTN tolerance is associated with reduced capacity to generate NO from GTN. Care should be taken in using MAP-reduction to evaluate tolerance since high indicator doses could liberate sufficient amounts of NO to elicit maximal MAP decrease even in tolerant animals.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2005

Correlation between pulmonary gas exchange and basal and nitroglycerin (GTN)-induced exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

The relationship between eNO and events in the alveolar-capillary unit in acute lung injury remains to be established. Since endogenous eNO largely originates from the airway epithelium, but nitroglycerin (GTN)-induced eNO is due to microvascular/alveolar metabolism, we have proposed to use basal and GTN-induced eNO as metabolic markers of the airway--and microvascular/alveolar function, respectively. The current work investigates the relationship between basal and GTN-induced eNO and oxygenation parameters (PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery utilising cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Breath by breath eNO measurements were made in 10 patients before, and 1 and 3 h after CPB either under basal conditions or following intravenous administration of GTN (1, 2 and 3 microg/kg). Basal eNO remained unchanged, whereas GTN-induced eNO was reduced following CPB. Also, there was a transient reduction in PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio 1 h after CPB (32+/-4 vs. 44+/-3 kPa). A negative correlation was found between oxygenation and basal eNO by Pearson's correlation test and linear regression analysis suggesting that decreased oxygenation was associated with increased basal eNO. In contrast, a decrease in GTN-induced eNO positively correlated with reduced oxygenation index (R=0.533, p=0.002). These data suggest that differential relationships exist between basal and nitrovasodilator-induced eNO and oxygenation indices during subclinical lung injury in patients following CPB and that GTN-induced eNO evolution may reflect better microvascular events and injury.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1976

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric evaluation of exhaled tobacco smoke.

The impact of cigarette smoking on the distribution of organic substances in ambient air has been determined for the intermediate volatility range. A simple sampling procedure was employed, involving gas-solid adsorption onto an organic polymer followed by direct thermal elution onto a glass capillary column. Aliphatic and substituted aromatic hydrocarbons are predominant in urban atmospheres. Depending on location and weather conditions the total concentration of such volatiles can differ by as much as a factor of 20. This high background variation makes it difficult to analyze for trace substances with low odor threshold values, such as encountered in cigarette smoke. Standard cigarettes were smoked in a relatively small room, having no air filtration system. Air samples of approximately 3.51 were taken. The amount of volatiles added to air by cigarette smoking is unsignificant. Substances were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with glass capillary columns. Many compounds reported in cigarette smoke condensate have been confirmed.

Air Pollutants↗