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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Investigation of protein functions through data-mining on integrated human transcriptome database, H-Invitational database (H-InvDB).

H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB; ) is a human transcriptome database, containing integrative annotation of 41,118 full-length cDNA clones originated from 21,037 loci. H-InvDB is a product of the H-Invitational project, an international collaboration to systematically and functionally validate human genes by analysis of a unique set of high quality full-length cDNA clones using automatic annotation and human curation under unified criteria. Here, 19,574 proteins encoded by these cDNAs were classified into 11,709 function-known and 7865 function-unknown hypothetical proteins by similarity with protein databases and motif prediction (InterProScan). The proportion of "hypothetical proteins" in H-InvDB was as high as 40.4%. In this study, we thus conducted data-mining in H-InvDB with the aim of assigning advanced functional annotations to those hypothetical proteins. First, by data-mining in the H-InvDB version of GTOP, we identified 337 SCOP domains within 7865 H-Inv hypothetical proteins. Second, by data-mining of predicted subcellular localization by SOSUI and TMHMM in H-InvDB, we found 1032 transmembrane proteins within H-Inv hypothetical proteins. These results clearly demonstrate that structural prediction is effective for functional annotation of proteins with unknown functions. All the data in H-InvDB are shown in two main views, the cDNA view and the Locus view, and five auxiliary databases with web-based viewers; DiseaseInfo Viewer, H-ANGEL, Clustering Viewer, G-integra and TOPO Viewer; the data also are provided as flat files and XML files. The data consists of descriptions of their gene structures, novel alternative splicing isoforms, functional RNAs, functional domains, subcellular localizations, metabolic pathways, predictions of protein 3D structure, mapping of SNPs and microsatellite repeat motifs in relation with orphan diseases, gene expression profiling, and comparisons with mouse full-length cDNAs in the context of molecular evolution. This unique integrative platform for conducting in silico data-mining represents a substantial contribution to resources required for the exploration of human biology and pathology.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Cefdinir: an advanced-generation, broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin.

BACKGROUND: Cefdinir is an advanced-generation, broad-spectrum cephalosporin antimicrobial agent that has been approved for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, acute bacterial otitis media, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections in adult and pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to review the in vitro antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, and potential role of cefdinir. METHODS: Studies were identified by a MEDLINE search (January 1983-September 2001) of the English-language medical literature, a review of identified articles and their bibliographies, and a review of data on file with the manufacturer. Clinical efficacy data were selected from all published trials mentioning cefdinir. Information concerning in vitro susceptibility, safety, chemistry, and the pharmacokinetic profile of cefdinir also was reviewed. RESULTS: Cefdinir has a broad spectrum of activity against many gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic organisms, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Cefdinir is stable to hydrolysis by 13 of the common beta-lactamases. It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (mean time to peak plasma concentration, 3 hours) and is almost entirely eliminated via renal clearance of unchanged drug. The terminal disposition half-life of cefdinir is approximately 1.5 hours. Efficacy has been demonstrated in 19 clinical trials in adults and children with upper and lower respiratory tract infections (eg, pharyngitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, acute bronchitis, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia), and skin and skin-structure infections. The adverse-event profile is similar to that of comparator agents, although in 4 adult and adolescent studies and 1 adult study, diarrhea occurred significantly more frequently in cefdinir recipients than in recipients of penicillin V, cephalexin, cefaclor, and cefprozil. CONCLUSIONS: Cefdinir is an alternative to other antimicrobial agents and can be dosed once or twice daily for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and skin and skin-structure infections. Similar to other oral expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, cefdinir has activity against common pathogens of the respiratory tract and skin and is stable in the presence of selected beta-lactamases. The clinical choice of an oral expanded-spectrum cephalosporin will be based on patient acceptance, frequency of administration, and cost.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Estimates of the probability of job-related death in 347 occupations.

In 1976 the Bureau of Labor Statistics began collecting data from selected states' workers' compensation files. The data include information on fatalities within three-digit occupations. The fatality data were combined with information on employment within three-digit occupations to produce estimates of mortality within 347 occupations. Loggers and asbestos workers appear to have the most dangerous blue collar jobs and airplane pilots the most dangerous white collar jobs.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Childhood asthma.

OBJECTIVES: This article describes trends in the prevalence of asthma among children aged 0 to 14 from 1978/79 to 1994/95, and in hospital separations for asthma from 1974/75 to 1994/95. It also examines factors associated with childhood asthma. DATA SOURCES: Information on asthma among children aged 0 to 11 is from the 1994/95 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), and among children aged 12 to 14, from the 1994/95 National Population Health Survey (NPHS). Hospital separation data are from the Hospital Morbidity File. Mortality data are from the Canadian Vital Statistics Data Base. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: Prevalence estimates of asthma were calculated based on a sample of 22,831 children aged 0 to 11 from the NLSCY and 637 children aged 12 to 14 from the NPHS. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of asthma among children aged 0 to 11 by selected characteristics. MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of childhood asthma and hospital separations rates for asthma have increased sharply. A history of bronchitis and allergies, parental asthma, and residence in the Atlantic provinces and Quebec are associated with higher rates of asthma in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A Windows computer application for long term data acquisition, storage and presentation of biological signals.

We developed a windows application dedicated to recording, displaying and storing large amounts of biological signals on a standard PC. The application works in Matlab and uses an A/D-converter interface that enables a user to run the same software for signal acquisition, display and processing with different A/D-converter boards. The software program consists of three integrated modules, for setting the protocol for signal acquisition; for commands that can be accessed during data acquisition and for software routines that enable off-line viewing, pre-processing and processing of recorded data. It adapts to different computer hardware configurations by enabling the user to define file size, data resolution and file storage on local and network hard disks during signal acquisition.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A computerized information management system for educational programs in the health sciences.

The Physician Assistant Program at the University of Florida has developed and implemented a computerized information management system that eliminates time-consuming duplication of effort in record-keeping and covers all functional components of the educational program. Data-base files for admissions, curriculum and/or evaluation design, student records, graduate follow-up, and research activities and a master file for administrative activities permit rapid accessing and transfer of information across files, continual updating of information, and efficient generating of records and reports pertaining to all program functions. Research about the program is enhanced through the correlation of data available in the five data-base files. This comprehensive system facilitates the audit of the program's educational process and the evaluation of its accomplishment of its stated objectives. The system can be easily adapted for use by other educational programs in medicine and the allied health sciences.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Nystatin LF (Aronex/Abbott).

Nystatin LF (Nyotran) is a liposomal, intravenous nystatin formulation under development by Aronex, under license from the MD Anderson Cancer Research Center, as a systemic antifungal agent against strains including Aspergillus and Candida. Like amphotericin, nystatin is a polyene derivative that binds to ergosterol, a fungal cell membrane component, creating a pore in the membrane and thus killing the cell. Nystatin is an established antifungal agent, but is restricted to topical use as it is ineffective orally and severely toxic when administered iv [187583], [187589]. It has demonstrated good, broad in vitro antifungal activity against clinically relevant filamentous fungi [319465], including fungi resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B products [264505], [2869821, [287790], 1289522]. The company is also conducting a phase III trial to evaluate its efficacy against cryptococcal meningitis [305531], [334156]. Aronex filed for approval of nystatin LF in Spain in December 1997 [272986] and expected to file an NDA in the US by the end of 1999 1311208], [342003]. However, in an effort to ensure that its US and European filings contained data from the phase III cryptococcal meningitis trial in its entirety, Aronex's marketing partner requested that all the 70-day data be gathered prior to unblinding this study. The filing had initially been based on interim data at the 14- and 21-day endpoint 1344887]. In September 2000, the company anticipated an NDA filing in the US in the fourth quarter of 2001 1382861], 1387947]. In December 1997, Aronex, together with Grupo Ferrer Internacional, filed an MAA in Spain seeking approval for Nyotran for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Aronex intended to follow the filing with additional filings in other European countries 1272986]. In 1997, a commercialization agreement was signed with Ferrer for Spain and Portugal, with Aronex intending to form other such partnerships throughout Europe and Asia 1248346]. In November 1998, Aronex signed a licensing collaboration with Abbott Laboratories for the worldwide rights to nystatin LF [305531].

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2006

GenoProfiler: batch processing of high-throughput capillary fingerprinting data.

UNLABELLED: High-throughput content fingerprinting techniques employing capillary electrophoresis place new demands on the editing of fingerprint files for the downstream contig assembly program, FPC. A cross-platform software application, GenoProfiler, was developed for automated editing of sized fingerprinting profiles generated by the ABI Genetic Analyzers. The batch-processing module extracts the sized fragment information directly from the ABI raw trace files, or from data files exported from GeneMapper or other size calling software, removes the background noise and undesired fragments, and generates fragment size files compatible with the FPC software. AVAILABILITY: http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/PhysicalMapping/

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

The validity of claims made in orthopaedic print advertisements.

PURPOSE: Orthopaedic surgeons are frequently presented with advertisements for orthopaedic and medical products in which companies make claims of clinical and scientific fact. This study was designed to evaluate the statements made in orthopaedic print advertisements and determine whether they are supported by scientific data. METHODS: Fifty statements from fifty advertisements were chosen at random from six peer-reviewed orthopaedic journals. The companies that placed the advertisements were contacted to provide supporting data for the statement of clinical or scientific fact. Three senior orthopaedic surgeons evaluated the data for quality and support. A high-quality study was defined as a study that could be published in the peer-reviewed literature. A well-supported statement was defined as a statement with enough supporting evidence to be used in clinical practice. The evaluating surgeons were blinded to product and company identification. RESULTS: The supporting data were from a published source for eighteen claims (36%), from a presentation at a public forum or a scientific meeting for twelve claims (24%), or were "data on file" only at the company for twelve claims (24%). Interobserver agreement among the surgeons evaluating the advertisements for quality and support was good (the average intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.72). Of the fifty claims, twenty-two were considered unsupported by scientific data, seventeen were classified as possibly supported, seven were well supported, and four were from companies that did not respond despite three requests. Claims that were supported by published data were significantly more likely to be rated as well supported (p < 0.001). All twelve claims that were supported purely by "data on file" at the company were considered to be poorly supported. CONCLUSIONS: Orthopaedic surgeons should interpret claims made in orthopaedic print advertisements with caution. Approximately half of the claims are not supported by enough data to be used in a clinical decision-making process.

Advertising↗
PubMed1980

The quality and completeness of birthweight and gestational age data in computerized birth files.

Computerized birth files compiled by the State of North Carolina for the years 1975-1977 were analyzed for omissions and inaccuracies. A wide range in the per cent missing values was found for different data items, from essentially none missing (birthweight, sex, race) to about 20 per cent missing (gestational age, paternal social data). Recorded birthweight showed the expected skewing from a normal distribution. The only demonstrable inaccuracy was in the form of digit preference, probably causing errors of +/- 1 oz (28.3 g). Reported gestational ages were more suspect, falling outside the range of biologically plausible gestation length in 2.8 per cent of cases. An additional 1.5 per cent of gestational ages were found to be misdated by four to 20 weeks based on the observed bimodal weight distributions among births of the same reported gestational age. Hospitals of various sizes and administrative affiliations submitted records with missing or inaccurate gestational age data with roughly equal frequency. These records were found to come from a socio-demographically high-risk subpopulation. The implications of elimination of incomplete or erroneous birth record data in perinatal epidemiologic research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical conditions and the risk of motor vehicle crashes in men.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether men aged 45 to 70 years with any medical condition are at an increased risk of involvement as drivers in police-reported motor vehicle crashes. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Province-wide population-based sampling. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2504 drivers randomly selected from those involved as a driver in a motor vehicle crash (cases) and 2520 men not involved in a crash (controls) during a 6-month period. DATA COLLECTION: The Societé de l'assurance automobile du Quebec (SAAQ) computerized files provided data on crashes, age, and medical conditions. A mailed questionnaire elicited information on usual mileage and driving conditions. RESULTS: Data from the SAAQ files were obtained for all 5024 drivers. The overall response rate to the mailed survey was 35.5% with no statistically significant differences in the distribution of characteristics between respondents and nonrespondents. There was no increase in crude (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.17) or age-adjusted risk of crashes for men with a medical condition in the entire sample of subjects (N = 5024). Among respondents to the mailed questionnaire only, men with a medical condition showed no increased crude risk of crashes (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-1.27); no difference was observed after adjustment for age, mileage driven, driver behaviors, and sociodemographic characteristics (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-1.31). CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous studies, the risk estimate was derived from a population-based sample of drivers and adjusted for age, mileage driven, driver behaviors, and sociodemographic characteristics in multivariate analyses. The adjusted estimates failed to show an increased risk of motor vehicle crashes for drivers with a medical condition.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1994

["ARCHIDIA": a system for patients' data collection and computerized filing. Part II. General description of a caseload].

OBJECTIVE: To describe a population of patients admitted in ICU in an homogeneous urban area by means of a computed system. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: 20 general intensive care units of general and university hospitals. PATIENTS: Patients admitted in ICU from 1-1-1991 to 31-12-1991. 3 centers collected patients only for 6 months, starting on 1-6-1991. MEASUREMENTS: For each patient demographic data, hospitalization data, outcome, diagnosis and diagnostic procedures used during hospitalization according to defined criteria previously described, were collected. Data have been collected on PC using dedicated software. RESULTS: All centers concluded data collection, none abandoned the study. General characteristics of 4148 valuable patients were reported. Age was 52.9 years, SAPS 12.4 and mortality 21.7%. The patients spent 8.7 days in ICU and, when transferred to a general ward, the following hospitalization was 21.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Data collection demonstrated the project feasibility. It realizes a continue up to date system inside each unit and allows the use of a "common language" and homogeneous methodology between centers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Critical evaluation of references in drug advertisements: an Indian experience.

Drug advertisements have important effect in prescribing habits of physicians. WHO states that all the claims in drug advertisements should be supported by suitable documentary evidences (references). The present study evaluated citations (mentioned/not mentioned), sources (journals, books, conferences/symposia, personal testimonial, unpublished data in file) and adequacy (complete/incomplete) of the references in 585 drug advertisements supplied by medical detail persons to different clinical departments of our hospital. The references were cited only in 37.9% of the drug advertisements. In total, 1032 references (76% of journals, 15% of books, 2% of conferences/symposia, 4% of personal testimonials, 1% of unpublished data and 2% of data in file) were cited. Only 10% references of journals, 7% of books and 12% of conferences/symposia were found complete (according to standard bibliographic norms). The current situation can be improved if the government, industry and the prescribers formulate some guidelines for the mentioning of adequate references in drug advertisements.

Advertising↗
PubMed1977

The Protein Data Bank. A computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures.

The Protein Data Bank is a computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures. The Bank stores in a uniform format atomic co-ordinates and partial bond connectivities, as derived from crystallographic studies. Text included in each data entry gives pertinent information for the structure at hand (e.g. species from which the molecule has been obtained, resolution of diffraction data, literature citations and specifications of secondary structure). In addition to atomic co-ordinates and connectivities, the Protein Data Bank stores structure factors and phases, although these latter data are not placed in any uniform format. Input of data to the Bank and general maintenance functions are carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory. All data stored in the Bank are available on magnetic tape for public distribution, from Brookhaven (to laboratories in the Americas), Tokyo (Japan), and Cambridge (Europe and worldwide). A master file is maintained at Brookhaven and duplicate copies are stored in Cambridge and Tokyo. In the future, it is hoped to expand the scope of the Protein Data Bank to make available co-ordinates for standard structural types (e.g. alpha-helix, RNA double-stranded helix) and representative computer programs of utility in the study and interpretation of macromolecular structures.

Computers↗
PubMed2006

A decade of change in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the United States: Have we improved outcomes equally between men and women?

OBJECTIVES: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair has undergone vast changes in the last decade. We reviewed a national database to evaluate the effect on utilization of services and rupture rates. METHODS: From the Centers for Medicare Services (CMS), a 5% inpatient sample was obtained for 1994 to 2003 as beneficiary encrypted files (5% BEF) and as a limited data set file after 2001. Files were translated into Microsoft Access by using a custom program. Queries were performed using International Classification of Diseases (9th Revision) (ICD-9) diagnosis codes 441.3 (ruptured AAA) or 441.4 (non-ruptured AAA) and ICD-9 procedure codes 38.34, 38.36, 38.44, 38.64, 39.25, 39.52 for open, and 39.71 (available after October 2000) for endovascular repair. The 5% BEF totals were multiplied by 20 to calculate yearly volumes. Total cases were divided into the yearly CMS population of elderly Medicare recipients for repair rates per capita and are reported as cases per 100,000 elderly Medicare recipients. Statistics were performed using chi2, Student's t test, nonparametric tests, and multiple regression analysis; P < or = .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Elective AAA repairs declined from 94.4/100,000 in 1994 to 87.7/100,000 in 2003. AAA rupture surgery declined from 18.7/100,000 (1994) to 13.6/100,000 (2003). Rupture repairs from 1994 to 2003 decreased by 29% for men and by 12% for women (P < .001). Rupture mortality has not changed, but the average is significantly higher for women at 52.8%, with men averaging 44.2% (P < .001). Mortality for elective AAA repair has decreased from 5.57% (1994) to 3.20% (2003) in men (P < .001) and from 7.48% (1994) to 5.45% (2003) in women (P < .001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated increasing age, female sex, and open surgery (vs endovascular) were significant predictors of elective and ruptured AAA repair mortality. For 2003 elective AAA repairs, the average length of stay was 6.9 days in men and 8.9 days in women (P < .01) For 2003, men were more likely to be discharged to home after rupture (32.9% of men vs 23.3% of women; P < .001) and elective repair (84.5% of men vs 70.1% of women; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in AAA management in the last decade have decreased aneurysm-related deaths and reduced the incidence of aneurysm ruptures, with a lower utilization of services. Women, however, continue to have a consistently higher mortality for open and ruptured AAA repair and are less likely to return to home after either.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Variations in use of imaging in a national sample of men with early-stage prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the national practice variations in imaging studies performed for men newly diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer. METHODS: We created an analytic file from 1991 to 1996 Medicare claims data using files for a random sample of 5% of all Medicare beneficiaries. Among men with newly diagnosed clinically localized prostate cancer, we identified those undergoing staging bone scans, staging computed tomography (CT), or staging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the time of diagnosis. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for Charlson index score, age group, race, geographic region, and year of diagnosis. RESULTS: In all geographic regions, men receiving radiation therapy (RT) were more likely than those receiving radical prostatectomy (RP) to undergo CT. In the South, RT patients were significantly more likely than RP patients to undergo MRI and bone scans. In the West, RT patients were significantly more likely than RP patients to have bone scans. In multivariate analyses that controlled for all significant univariate findings, treatment with RT significantly predicted for the use of bone scans (odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.31), CT scans (odds ratio 3.26, 95% confidence interval 3.18 to 3.34), and MRI scans (odds ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.72). Regional differences in the use of imaging technologies for staging persisted in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing RT for clinically localized prostate cancer undergo more bone, CT, and MRI scans than do patients undergoing RP, regardless of comorbidity, age, or race. In addition, a significant geographic variation was found in the use of these diagnostic tests. These variations suggest that evidence-based staging guidelines have not been met with broad physician acceptance.

Aged↗