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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Cyanocobalamin Reference Standard (Control 871) of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

Cyanocobalamin was tested for the preparation of "Cyanocobalamin Reference Standard (Control 871)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: loss on drying, 11.6%; infrared spectrum, same as that of Cyanocobalamin Reference Standard (Control 861); thin-layer chromatography, two contaminants were detected; high-performance liquid chromatography, seven contaminants were detected; assay, 99.9% by JP XI method and 100.2% by HPLC method in terms of J.P. Reference Standard (Control 861), respectively. On the basis of those results, this material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 871).

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

[Tocopherol Reference Standard (Control 881) of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

Tocopherol was tested for the preparation of "Tocopherol Reference Standard (Control 881)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: infrared spectrum, same as Tocopherol Reference Standard (Control 851); absorbance, E1%1cm (292 nm) = 73.7; thin-layer chromatography, contaminants were not detected until 12.5 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography, six contaminants were detected; assay, 100.4%. On the basis of those results, this material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 881).

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

[Prednisolone Reference Standard of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

Prednisolone reference standard for the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was prepared. The quality of raw material was examined and compared with the previous reference standard (Control 821). Analytical data for this substance were as follows: loss on drying, 0.04%; melting point, 234.1 degrees C (decomposition); optical rotation, [alpha] 20D + 100.2 degrees; UV spectrum, lambda max = 243 nm; absorptivity, E1%1cm (243 nm) = 415; IR spectrum, 1711, 1655, 1612, 1111, 899 cm-1; one impurity was detected by TLC and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively; assay by HPLC, 100.1%. Based on the above results, this raw material was authorized as the Reference Standard of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

[Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Reference Standard (Control 871) of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

The raw material of pyridoxine hydrochloride was examined for the preparation of "Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Reference Standard". Analytical data for the sample were as follows: loss on drying is 0.01%; pH 2.94; melting point 205.2 degrees C (decomposition); IR spectrum same as the Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Reference Standard (Control 801); TLC indicates no impurities; nitrogen is 6.77% (Theoretical value 6.81%); and assay 99.5% by non-aqueous titration, 99.8% by UV spectroscopy, and 100.2% by measuring chloride ion. Based on the above results, this raw material was authorized to be Reference Standard of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

[Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 881) of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

Tocopherol acetate was tested for the preparation of "Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 881)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: infrared spectrum, same as Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 851); absorbance, E1%1cm (284 nm) = 43.7; thin-layer chromatography, contaminants were not detected; high-performance liquid chromatography, one contaminant was detected; assay, 100.0%. On the basis of those results, this material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 881).

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of drug abuse in different military populations.

Quantitative analytical data, generated at the Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, Great Lakes, Illinois, expressed as percent confirmed positives for four drugs of abuse (marijuana metabolite, cocaine metabolite, amphetamines, and opiates) are summarized and compared according to their population of origin. The four populations of interest included U.S. Navy and Marine Corps recruits and service school members. Conformed positive urines for marijuana showed a small but significant decline (p less than 0.001) from about 1.2% confirmed positive among U.S. Navy recruits entering service school commands in 1984 to 0.9% among Navy service school members in 1988 and from 2.0% among U.S. Marine Corps recruits entering service schools in 1984 to 0.8% among Marine Corps service school members in 1988. Navy and Marine Corps recruits showed a significantly higher (p less than 0.001) confirmed positive use rate (6.1 and 3.3%, respectively) compared to service school members, perhaps reflecting their recent civilian use pattern. The relatively high confirmed positive cocaine rate among all groups may have reflected an increasing trend in all populations, confirming a similar trend in high school and other civilian populations. Generally, the frequency of confirmed positive urines with amphetamines and opiates, based upon the findings at the Navy Drug Screening Laboratory at Great Lakes, has been static except for an apparent recent increase in amphetamine use in 1988. The decline in confirmed positive drug urinalyses among service school members from both the Navy and Marine Corps indicated that perhaps education and maturity had a positive effect upon their behavior.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1989

Correlation of redox fluorometry and analytical measurements of pyridine nucleotide.

Pyridine nucleotide levels in the corneal epithelium were measured using redox fluorometry, a noninvasive method for monitoring the metabolic status of corneal tissue, and a sensitive bioluminescent assay and an improved extraction procedure that allows the simultaneous extraction and measurement of both NADH and NAD. The same corneas were measured using each of the two methods to enable comparison of the results. The NADH/(NADH + NAD) fraction in the normal epithelium measured by the bioluminescent assay was 0.14 +/- 0.06. Incubation of corneas in 1 mM potassium cyanide (KCN) to mimic the anoxic state increased the NADH/(NADH + NAD) fraction significantly to 0.24 +/- 0.03 (P less than 0.001). The autofluorescence from reduced pyridine nucleotide measured by redox fluorometry also increased with KCN from 2840 +/- 605 to 5147 +/- 738 (P less than 0.0001). A plot of the fluorescence and analytical data for each cornea showed a positive correlation between the two methods, with a correlation coefficient (r value) of 0.80. The correlation was improved but was not dependent on the high values of the KCN treated corneas; an r value of 0.73 was obtained for the non-KCN treated corneas alone. Additional measurements of the temperature dependence of the fluorescence intensity of an NADH solution and the cornea gave a decrease in intensity of 17% from 25 degrees C to 35 degrees C for the NADH solution and 11% (P = 0.0004) for the reduced pyridine nucleotide fluorescence in the cornea over the same temperature range.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colorimetric determination of C-2 unsubstituted phenothiazines, using morpholine and N-bromosuccinimide.

A colorimetric method for quantitative determination of 6 C-2 unsubstituted phenothiazine derivatives is described. The method is based on reaction of phenothiazine derivative with morpholine and N-bromosuccinimide reagents in aqueous methanol at 60 degrees C to produce a blue color. Beer's law is obeyed in a wide range of concentrations for all 6 compounds at 660 nm. Optimum analytical conditions were determined and the produced color is stable for at least 24 h. Analytical data for determination of the pure compounds are presented together with the application of the proposed method to analysis of some pharmaceutical preparations. The results compare favorably with those of official methods. Furthermore, the method is specific for intact drug in the presence of oxidative decomposition products. The reaction product has been isolated and identified and a possible reaction mechanism is suggested.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic studies in carbon monoxide poisoning].

Origin, symptomatology, seriousness and mechanism of carbon monoxide toxicity have been reviewed as are the diagnosis based on clinical or analytical data upon which the physician may rely to search out a CO intoxication. Treatments are discussed and the best therapy is proposed in case of mild or severe poisonings.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1978

[Quantitative determination of phosphates in urinary calculi and their matrices].

The question whether the phosphate participates actively in the calculogenesis or whether it is only an accidental enclosure in the stone material can, in our opinion, only be answered by the quantitative determination of phosphorus in the stone material resp. in the organic stone matrix. The high enrichment of phosphorus in the stone material, in comparison with the urine, as well as its additional significant enrichment in the stone matrix, compared with the (crystalline) stone material, both deduced from our analytical data, nearly exclude a passive role of the phosphate in the calculogenesis. On the basis of our investigation we suppose that the phosphate crystalluriae, occurring spontaneously or induced, at moderate pH-values of urine, especially by Ca-oxalate, sometimes by urate crystalluriae, contribute to the crystal "density" in the urine, the sufficient crystal "density" being one of the preconditions for the formation of compact crystal aggregates; the other precondition is the presence of the reactive organic cement substance in a sufficient concentration. This active crystal agglomerating component is represented, in our conception, by partially hemolysed blood cells resp. by the cholesterol of their damaged membranes.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Dry hands (irritative contact dermatitis) in housewives which is not alleviated on cessation of domestic work: clinical varieties].

There are three types of hand dermatitis in housewives. The most usual are cured when housework is stopped. Another type is that of housewife contact dermatitis which appears on pre-existing endogenous lesions such as dyshidrosis or nummular eczema. The third form is housewife hand contact dermatitis which appears, or coexists with, localized endogenous lesions of the hands. The last two forms are not cured when housework is stopped. In some cases the three forms may coexist or appear one after another. It is not usual for a person suffering from typical flexural atopic dermatitis to present with one of the described three forms of hand dermatitis. Nevertheless, without having some relationship to atopic diathesis no woman could suffer from any of these three forms of dermatitis. In spite of the lack of analytical data, everyday clinical facts (one example being these different forms of housewife hand dermatitis) suggest the need to accept a subgroup of cutaneous atopic diathesis.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1987

Improvement of anaemia with desferrioxamine in haemodialysis patients.

We have prospectively investigated the effect of desferrioxamine (DFO) administration (2 gi.v. after every haemodialysis session for 6 months) on the normocytic and normochromic anaemia of seven haemodialysis patients. None had either clinical or analytical data characteristic of chronic aluminium intoxication. At the end of DFO therapy, the haematocrit had increased from 20.5 +/- 2.7% to 30.4 +/- 7.7% (P less than 0.005), and the transfusional requirements decreased from 3.5 +/- 2.2 units (range 1-8 units) in the 6 months prior to DFO, to 0.7 +/- 0.9 units (range 0-2 units) during DFO administration (P less than 0.01). No transfusion was required during the second half of the DFO therapy period. Serum ferritin decreased from 105g +/- 532 nmol/l (2649 +/- 1331 ng/ml) to 507 +/- 403 nmol/l (1268 +/- 1008 ng/ml) (P less than 0.025). Two months after DFO withdrawal the haematocrit value fell significantly to 22.2 +/- 1.6% (P less than 0.01). DFO therapy was restarted in one patient at a lower dose (1 gi.v. after every haemodialysis session) and an increase of haematocrit from 23.8% to 40.2% was again observed after 3 months of treatment. The tolerance to DFO was excellent. We conclude that DFO therapy should be considered in haemodialysis patients with severe anaemia and increased blood transfusion requirements.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Extensive atrazine pollution of drinking water in the Lombardia region and related public health aspects.

Introduced in 1957, atrazine is a herbicide used worldwide, mainly in corn cultivation areas for weed control. It is only slightly volatile, is highly soluble in water, and is moderately persistent in topsoil, where it is strongly absorbed to organic carbon. Because of these properties, atrazine can leach to ground water and persist for a long time. This work presents the results obtained so far from an investigation initiated because of an emergency situation in the Lombardia Region of Italy caused by the occurrence of levels of atrazine in drinking water exceeding those established by the European Economic Community and Italian regulations. Water samples from almost 3000 wells were analyzed in different laboratories of the Lombardia Region. Atrazine contamination occurred in a significant number of the wells examined. Examination of the analytical data overall leads to the conclusion that the agricultural use of atrazine in the Lombardia Region is a serious source of ground water contamination. In some areas other factors may be responsible for the contamination of ground water (for instance, industrial activities and/or uncontrolled waste discharges). Geological and hydrological characteristics may play an important role in ground water contamination. Purification systems containing active charcoal seem to be highly efficient in removing atrazine from contaminated water.

Atrazine↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of a nonendotoxic antitumor preparation from Serratia marcescens.

White-type polysaccharide preparation (WPS) obtained from Serratia marcescens bacteria by hot 0.2 N acetic acid extraction was shown to have antitumor effects. These were manifested by enhanced resistance to the take of TA3 transplantable murine adenocarcinoma and by the induction of regression of Meth A sarcoma in mice. Optimal conditions for the liberation and isolation of these substances were sought to achieve the highest antitumor activity and the lowest endotoxin (ET) content. Simultaneously, the activities of the WPS preparations were tested in various tests which are frequently used as in vitro correlates of in vivo antitumor effects, such as the activation of macrophage cytotoxicity, activation of natural killer (NK) cells, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) generation. We found that the enhanced resistance to the take of TA3 tumor correlated with ET content of the WPS preparations. Preparations with reduced or no ET content showed diminishing activity in this assay or were without any measurable effect. The induction of TNF production and NK activation did not show such close relationship with the ET content. This was particularly evident if testing WPS samples obtained after 60 or 120 min hydrolysis at 90 degrees C. The greatest discrepancy was found between ET content and the Meth A regression induction. Samples with no detectable ET content and no activity in the macrophage, NK, or TNF tests were potent inducers of Meth A regression. Partial purification of such WPS samples could be achieved and a preparation was obtained with high Meth A regression capacity. Preliminary chemical analysis of this preparation showed 25.5% amino acid, 53.7% neutral carbohydrate, less than 0.4% KDO, 0.8% hexosamine, less than 0.1% phosphorous, and less 1.0% long-chain carboxylic acid content. The above chemical analytical data are not consistent with designating such preparations as ET or ET derivatives, such as Lipid A or its split products. This conclusion was confirmed by the lack of endotoxic properties as determined by biological assays on this preparation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Assessment of magnesium status.

The adult human body contains approximately 24 g (1 mol) of magnesium--about half in bone and half in soft tissues. Only about 0.3% of the total body magnesium is present in serum, yet the majority of analytical data obtained is from this body fluid. Assessing the magnesium status of an individual is difficult, there being at present no simple, rapid, and accurate test to determine intracellular magnesium, but determination of total and free magnesium in tissues and physiological tests provide some information. Changes in magnesium status have been linked to cardiac arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and premenstrual syndrome. A better understanding of magnesium transport and of factors controlling magnesium metabolism is needed to elucidate the role of magnesium in disease processes.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cyclizine as a drug of abuse?].

Two British people going from Amsterdam to Berlin was examined at the borderline near Aix la Chapelle. Customsinspectors found besides a lot of hashish a letter hidden in a pocket lamp concerning drugs received in Amsterdam as remarks to LSD trips. Therefore a white powder found in a little paper in the purse of one person was tested for drugs. Previous examinations at the border failed and after further investigations at the Department of Forensic Medicine including mass spectrophotometry the powder was identified as Cyclizine. The analytical data like mass spectrum are described. This compound used many years for the prevention and treatment of motion sickness is off the market because of suggested teratogen effects. Previous reports about LSD-like symptoms after ingestion of large amounts of Cyclizine as the environment the powder was found let us suppose that some people will know about psychotic effects at high doses of this drug not being an inhibited narcotic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Toxic and carcinogenic agents in dry and moist snuff.

The oral use of snuff is causatively associated with cancer of the oral cavity. Since most epidemiologic studies to date relate to the long-term use of dry snuff, which has dominated the U.S. smokeless tobacco market in the past, the concentrations of several toxic and carcinogenic agents in the three most popular dry snuff brands have been compared with those in the five most popular moist snuff brands sold in the United States. All eight samples were analyzed for nitrate, alkaloids, polyphenols, volatile carbonyl compounds, lead, cadmium, selenium, and the carcinogenic compounds benzo[a]pyrene (CAS: 50-32-8), polonium-210 (CAS: 13981-52-7), volatile N-nitrosamines (VNAs), N-nitrosodiethanolamine (CAS: 1116-54-7), and the tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs). Most of the snuff brands were rich in nitrate (greater than or equal to 1.5%), total polyphenols (greater than 2%), and in nicotine (greater than or equal to 1.5%), which is the habituating factor in tobacco use. Concentrations of the VNAs were significantly above the permissible limits set for some food products; the concentrations of the TSNAs in both snuff types exceeded the levels of nitrosamines in other consumer products by at least two to three orders of magnitude. The extremely high levels of the TSNAs in snuff have remained unchanged during the last decade and present the major carcinogenic risk factor for the oral use of snuff. Polonium-210 contributes further to the carcinogenic risk associated with snuff. The chemical-analytical data presented in this study do not indicate marked differences in the carcinogenic potential of moist snuff compared to dry snuff.

Acetone↗