[Prinzmetal's angina. Comparative analysis of late results of surgical and conservative treatment in the light of personal observations].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Conservation analysis”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Stage 3 intra-epithelial cervical neoplasms. Conservative treatment using CO2 lasers or conization: analysis of 2 years' experience].
Sixty four patients with stage III intra-epithelial neoplasia were seen in colposcopic clinic during a two years period. All were followed up for a minimum of 1 year (ranging 1 to 3 years). 28 patients 43.8%) were treated using the carbon dioxide laser in an ambulatory setting. In 36 patients (56.2%) a cone biopsy was first performed for therapy. Following laser treatment the failure rate is 7%, the failure and recurrence rate 14%. The CO2 laser appears to be an acceptable procedure for C.I.N. III lesions in young women. Selection of lesions is of paramount importance and should be able to reduce the number of therapeutic conizations.
Adolescent↗
Organization of the chromosomal region containing the genes lexA and topA in Thermotoga neapolitana. Primary structure of LexA reveals phylogenetic relevance.
The chromosomal region of Thermotoga neapolitana surrounding the gene lexA (4283 bp) was sequenced. In addition to the topoisomerase gene top2A it contained five open reading frames. A part of the cloned region showed high sequence homology with a previously published sequence of Th. maritima and indicated an identical arrangement of genes in both microorganisms. Structural analysis of the LexA protein showed significant, but relatively low overall homology with LexA proteins of other bacteria, especially in the DNA binding region. However, key amino acids for processing and secondary structure elements like the helix-turn-helix motif are well conserved. Sequence alignment analysis of the whole protein and the DNA-binding sites of all known LexA sequences uncovers groups of similarity reminding the phylogenetic tree of the Bacteria. A consensus sequence with the SOS- or Cheo-box upstream of the lexA gene of Th. maritima and Th. neapolitana was absent. Together with the phylogenetic distance of the Thermotogales from other bacteria this suggests the presence of a new operator target sequence specific for the Thermotogales, in analogy to the SOS-box for the gamma-group Proteobacteria and the Cheo-box for low- and high-GC Gram-positive bacteria.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Analysis of genomic context: prediction of functional associations from conserved bidirectionally transcribed gene pairs.
Several widely used methods for predicting functional associations between proteins are based on the systematic analysis of genomic context. Efforts are ongoing to improve these methods and to search for novel aspects in genomes that could be exploited for function prediction. Here, we use gene expression data to demonstrate two functional implications of genome organization: first, chromosomal proximity indicates gene coregulation in prokaryotes independent of relative gene orientation; and second, adjacent bidirectionally transcribed genes (that is,'divergently' organized coding regions) with conserved gene orientation are strongly coregulated. We further demonstrate that such bidirectionally transcribed gene pairs are functionally associated and derive from this a novel genomic context method that reliably predicts links between >2,500 pairs of genes in approximately 100 species. Around 650 of these functional associations are supported by other genomic context methods. In most instances, one gene encodes a transcriptional regulator, and the other a nonregulatory protein. In-depth analysis in Escherichia coli shows that the vast majority of these regulators both control transcription of the divergently transcribed target gene/operon and auto-regulate their own biosynthesis. The method thus enables the prediction of target processes and regulatory features for several hundred transcriptional regulators.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis shows that the hippuricase gene of Campylobacter jejuni is highly conserved.
A 1151-bp amplicon containing the hippuricase (hipO) gene was obtained from 118 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and double-digested with AluI and DdeI to give five different PCR-RFLP patterns. Most strains had the six-banded profile predicted from sequence data. Lack of polymorphisms within the hipO gene indicated it was highly conserved amongst strains of Camp.jejuni, and the RFLP analysis provided only low discrimination as an epidemiological typing method. Detection of hipO by PCR provided a useful test for confirmatory identification of Camp. jejuni.
Amidohydrolases↗
Structural and transcriptional analysis of a chicken myosin heavy chain gene subset.
Recently we have isolated a large number of chicken myosin or myosin-like heavy chain genes. Seven of these genes were placed into a subset based upon their hybridization patterns. In the present study, the sequence of the 5' end of one of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) genes, N127, was determined and compared with the 5' end sequences of the other six MHC genes in the subset. The comparison revealed that the three exons encoding the amino termini of the protein are highly conserved. The sequence analysis shows that a localized correction event occurred in and around a domain of the nucleotide-binding site, as the exon encoding this site and the preceding intron are very highly conserved among the seven genes. The sequence of the promoter and 5'-untranslated region of N127 is presented. The analogous regions for N124 and N125 have now been sequenced and are also presented. As is the case for all the other known MHC genes, the 5'-untranslated regions are split by large introns. The promoter and 5'-untranslated regions are compared with two previously characterized chicken MHC genes (N116 and N118) to determine the sequence similarities and differences that might underlie the differential expression of the family's members. To confirm and extend previously published results of the expression of these genes, transcript-specific probes generated from the 5' region of six of the seven genes were used to determine in which muscle(s) the corresponding mRNAs were present. The data show that despite the very close structural homologies, each of the genes for which a unique probe could be prepared exhibits a unique pattern of expression.
Animals↗
Mutational and sequence analysis of transmembrane segment 6 orientation in TetA proteins.
The packing orientations of the 8 transmembrane (TM) segments that line the central, aqueous transport channel within tetracycline resistance proteins (TetA) have been established. However, the orientations of the remaining 4 segments, TMs 3, 6, 9, and 12, located at the periphery, and away from the transport channel, have not yet been determined. In this study, the packing orientation of TM6 within the class C TetA protein encoded by plasmid pBR322 was evaluated by substitution mutagenesis and analysis of sequence conservation and amphipathicity. The combined data support a model in which the conserved and polar face of the TM6 alpha-helix containing Asn170 and Asn173 orients towards channel-lining TM segments, and the relatively non-conserved and hydrophobic face of TM6 points towards membrane lipids.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
MSG1 (melanocyte-specific gene 1): mapping to chromosome Xq13.1, genomic organization, and promoter analysis.
MSG1 (melanocyte-specific gene 1) is a recently isolated gene predominantly expressed in cultured normal melanocytes and pigmented melanoma cells. MSG1 encodes a 27-kDa nuclear protein that has strong intrinsic transcriptional transactivating activity. In this report, the human MSG1 gene was mapped to chromosome Xq13.1 using X chromosome-specific somatic cell hybrids, and the mouse Msg1 gene was mapped 1.9 +/- 1.3 cM proximal to Xist using an interspecific backcross panel. Both the human and the mouse MSG1 genes consist of three exons and two introns within 5 kb of genomic DNA, and their genomic structures are highly conserved. Southern blot analysis suggests the existence of MSG1 homologues in chicken, zebrafish, and Drosophila. A 2.0-kb fragment of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse Msg1 gene contains a TATA box and potential binding sites for several transcription factors including USF, Brn-3, Brn-2, TFE3, Oct-1, AP-2, and Spl. This promoter fragment activates transcription of a reporter gene in pigmented melanoma cells, but not in amelanotic melanoma cells or nonmelanocytic cells, indicating that Msg1 expression is at least partially regulated at the transcriptional level.
Animals↗
Thermodynamics of the control of metabolism.
A theory is presented, describing the control analysis of metabolic systems in terms of Gibbs free energies, extending earlier work of Kacser and Burns (25), and Heinrich and Rapoport (29). It is shown that relationships exist between flux control coefficients (the degree to which enzymes control steady-state fluxes) and free-energy elasticity coefficients, defined as the fractional change in the rate of a reaction induced by a standard change in one free-energy difference, while all the other free-energy differences are kept constant. Application of this extended control analysis to some biochemical reactions, including proton translocation, demonstrates that 1. Problems arising in the control analysis because of conservation (sum concentration of substrate and product constant) can be circumvented. 2. Although free-energy elasticity coefficients are maximal when the reaction is close to equilibrium, they can also be significant when the reaction is not close to equilibrium. 3. Problems in the control analysis caused by compartmentation can be resolved by defining control parameters that refer to the organelle as a whole. 4. These latter control parameters obey the above-mentioned relationships.
Animals↗
Evolutionary characterization and expression profiling of ACC and FASN genes in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) are rate-limiting enzymes in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, yet their evolutionary relationships, sequence features, and expression profiles remain poorly understood in crustaceans, particularly in the economically important Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Here, we identified and systematically analyzed ACC and FASN genes in E. sinensis using comparative genomic analyses across 43 species. ACC was highly conserved as a single-copy gene in invertebrates, in contrast to the multiple paralogs observed in vertebrates. Similarly, FASN was generally maintained as a single-copy gene across most taxa but exhibited lineage-specific expansion in certain insect groups. Phylogenetic and structural analysis revealed strong conservation of both genes within crustaceans, supported by multiple conserved motifs and canonical functional domains. Expression profiling showed predominant expression in the hepatopancreas and midgut, suggesting their potential involvement in crustacean lipid metabolism. During the molting cycle, ACC and FASN exhibited higher expression levels during stages C and D, suggesting an increased capacity for fatty acid biosynthesis before molting. In addition, dietary lipid levels experiment revealed that ACC and FASN expression responded dynamically to dietary lipid availability, with increased expression at moderate lipid levels but reduced expression under excessive lipid supplementation, indicating a possible adaptive transcriptional response to lipid status. Collectively, this study provides insights into the evolutionary conservation and expression dynamics of ACC and FASN and improves our understanding of lipid metabolic adaptation in crustaceans.
Animals↗
Indirect assessment of mucosal surface temperatures in the airways: theory and tests.
We developed and tested a method, based on conduction heat transfer analysis, to infer airway mucosal temperatures from airstream temperature-time profiles during breath-hold maneuvers. The method assumes that radial conduction of heat from the mucosal wall to inspired air dominates heat exchange during a breath-hold maneuver and uses a simplified conservation of energy analysis to extrapolate wall temperatures from air temperature vs. time profiles. Validation studies were performed by simultaneously measuring air and wall temperatures by use of a retractable basket probe in the upper airways of human volunteers and intrathoracic airways of paralyzed intubated dogs during breath holding. In both protocols, a good correlation was demonstrated between directly measured wall temperatures and those calculated from adjacent airstream temperature vs. time profiles during a breath hold. We then calculated intrathoracic bronchial wall temperatures from breath-hold airstream temperature-time profiles recorded in normal human subjects after cold air hyperpnea at 30 and 80 l/min. The calculations show airway wall temperatures in the upper intrathoracic airways that are below core body temperature during hyperpnea of frigid air and upper thoracic airways that are cooler than more peripheral airways. The data suggest that the magnitude of local intrathoracic heat/water flux is not represented by heat/water loss measurements at the airway opening. Both the magnitude and locus of heat transport during cold gas hyperventilation vary with changes in inspired gas temperature and minute ventilation; both may be important determinants of airway responses.
Animals↗
Molecular phylogenetics of DNA 5mC-methyltransferases.
We have identified a total of 88 members of the DNA-(cytosine-5) methyltransferase (5mC MTase) family whose sequences have been deposited in the databases. The results of a comparison of these sequences is presented in the form of an alignment-based phylogenetic tree and sequence logos for 10 conserved motifs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that members of the family aggregate into subfamilies which are usually consistent with their target specificity. However, it was also shown that similar target specificity does not necessarily imply close homology of the catalytic domain of MTases, which strongly supports the hypothesis that target recognition evolved independently of catalytic properties. This analysis also indicate that the 5mC MTase was present in the cenancestor (last common ancestor) of eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes. The phylogeny of the 5mC MTases catalytic domain provides the basis for establishing the patterns of evolutionary change that characterize this family of proteins with conserved structural core and variable and mobile modules not directly involved in formation of the active site.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Evolutionary conservation of the leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein Gp150 in Drosophila and Bombyx.
Gp150 is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) superfamily. Here we report the molecular characterization of a Gp150 homolog in Drosophila virilis, which is separated from Drosophila melanogaster by about 60 million years. A silkworm Bombyx mori Gp150 homolog was identified through a sequence database search. Sequence analysis revealed high conservation in the LRRs and cysteine motifs flanking the LRR region in the extracellular domain of Gp150. Using an in vivo assay, we demonstrated that the extracellular domain is essential for Gp150 function. Moreover, structural features unique to the Gp150 proteins were identified that include an incomplete carboxy-flanking cysteine motif, acidic regions on both sides of the LRR region in the extracellular domain, and a short cytoplasmic domain with three putative tyrosine phosphorylation motifs, which might be involved in interaction with SH2 domains. Thus, Gp150 defines a new subfamily of LRR proteins and may be involved in signal transduction. Sequence comparison of the two Drosophila gp150 genes demonstrated a high degree of conservation of genome organization downstream of the gp150 gene. Interestingly, D. virilis gp150 coding region appears to have an additional intron, an uncommon feature in homologs of other genes. The expression pattern of gp150 during embryogenesis in D. melanogaster and D. virilis was found to be identical. gp150 transcripts were localized generally to regions where cells are undergoing dramatic morphogenetic movements. This is further corroborated by the localization of gp150 transcripts in eye imaginal discs in the region spanning the morphogenetic furrow.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Structure and organization of the rDNA intergenic spacer in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush).
A total-genomic cosmid library was created to isolate complete copies of the rDNA cistron of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in order to study the structure and organization of the intergenic spacer (IGS) in this species. A total of 60 rDNA-positive clones (average inserts > 25 kb) was recovered by screening the library with a rDNA-specific probe. Positive clones were assayed for the presence of the two internal rDNA spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) and the entire IGS fragment was successfully amplified from 42 clones by PCR. Length of the IGS fragments ranged from 9.4 to 17.8 kb. Comparative restriction mapping of the IGS-PCR products of several clones indicated two regions of extensive length variation surrounding a central region with sequence conservation. DNA sequence analysis was used to investigate the molecular basis of the IGS length variation and focused on identifying the region responsible for this variation. Over 9 kb of DNA sequence was obtained for one clone (A1) with a total IGS length of approximately 12.4 kb. Sequence of a conserved central region contained two open reading frames and a number of short direct repeats. Length variation in the IGS was determined by RFLP to result from differences in the number of copies of repetitive DNA sequences. These included an 89-bp tandem repeat (alpha repeats), an 82-bp element (beta repeats), a 168-177-bp element (chi repeats), and a 179-201-bp element (delta repeats). Overall nucleotide composition of the IGS was biased towards A and T (%GC = 47.4). Maintenance of discrete rDNA-length variants in lake trout suggests that the rate of gene conversion is insufficient to produce homogeneous copies across the genome.
Animals↗
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana mevalonate kinase by genetic complementation in yeast.
A 1.64-kb cDNA encoding an Arabidopsis thaliana mevalonate kinase (MK) was cloned by complementation of the erg 12-1 mutation affecting MK in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The longest open reading frame encodes a protein of 378 amino acids (aa) with a predicted molecular mass of 40,650 Da. A striking feature of the cDNA sequence is a long 5' untranslated region (322 bp). The deduced aa sequence reveals that the plant enzyme shows strong similarities to the yeast and mammalian enzymes, especially the strong hydrophobicity percentage and several conserved regions. Southern analysis suggests that probably only one locus exists in the A. thaliana genome.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
P-glycoprotein genes in the winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus: isolation of two types of genomic clones carrying 3' terminal exons.
In mammals, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is encoded by two or more highly conserved genes that differ in their abilities to transport drugs. One isoform class (class I) is consistently associated with the multidrug resistance phenotype, while the other (class III) is not. This study was designed to enumerate the P-gp genes in fish and determine how they are related to the two functional classes already defined in mammals. Southern blot analysis using a conserved single exon from the 3' terminal region of hamster P-gp cDNA (pEX1-172) as a probe indicated that there were two P-gp genes in right-eye flounders. Subsequently, two sets of clones were isolated from a winter flounder genomic library that correspond to the 3' ends of the two flounder P-gp genes. Sequence analysis was done on two key areas: the 3' ATP binding site and the 3' terminal exon, both of which were found to be homologous with their mammalian counterparts. Despite high levels of sequence identity in the predicted coding regions of the gene fragments it has not been possible to use these sequences to relate the homologs to particular mammalian classes of P-gp genes, perhaps because of gene conversion between mammalian P-gp genes. These cloned sequences are the first set of P-gp genes reported in lower vertebrates and will be useful for delineating the expression of P-gp genes in fish and understanding the role of P-gp in fish physiology.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
Genome-wide identification of the HSP70 superfamily in tropical sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus and their expression analysis under low-salinity stress.
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperones that serve as indispensable core regulators in preserving cellular homeostasis and orchestrating organismal stress responses. The tropical sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus, a high-value aquaculture species, is sensitive to fluctuations in environmental salinity-a challenge that has emerged as a critical bottleneck limiting its large-scale commercial cultivation. However, no systematic investigation has been conducted to characterize the HSP70 superfamily in S. monotuberculatus and elucidate its functional roles in salinity adaptation. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide scan and identified 19 HSP70 superfamily genes in the S. monotuberculatus genome, with the HSP70IV subfamily showing remarkable gene expansion, containing 8 distinct copies. Phylogenetic analysis, conserved motif identification, and gene structure characterization demonstrated high evolutionary conservation within each HSP subfamily. These genes were unevenly distributed across the chromosomes of S. monotuberculatus, and prediction of cis-acting elements revealed that their upstream regulatory regions were enriched with numerous functional elements associated with stress response and immune regulation. Salinity stress experiments revealed that under severe low-salinity conditions (18‰), the expression levels of SmHSPA14L and multiple HSP70IV subfamily members were significantly elevated, while SmHYOU1D was significantly downregulated; in contrast, only subtle changes were detected in the expression of most HSP70 genes under moderate low-salinity stress (24‰). These findings strongly suggest that HSP70 genes, particularly the expanded HSP70IV subfamily, may act as key modulators in the low-salinity stress response. This work provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying salinity adaptation in tropical sea cucumbers.
Animals↗
Evolutionary discrimination of mammalian conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs).
Analysis of the human and mouse genomes identified an abundance of conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs). The significance and evolutionary depth of their conservation remain unanswered. We have quantified levels and patterns of conservation of 191 CNGs of human chromosome 21 in 14 mammalian species. We found that CNGs are significantly more conserved than protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAS (ncRNAs) within the mammalian class from primates to monotremes to marsupials. The pattern of substitutions in CNGs differed from that seen in protein-coding and ncRNA genes and resembled that of protein-binding regions. About 0.3% to 1% of the human genome corresponds to a previously unknown class of extremely constrained CNGs shared among mammals.
Animals↗