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PubMed1996

[The electrophysiological characteristics of brain function in mental disorders in participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

150 liquidators who had worked in the Chernobyl accident area were examined. All of them had mental diseases. Both alpha-rhythms disorganisation and increase of beta-1 activity were usually observed in brain cortex sensomotor areas of 43 patients as compared with 17 healthy individuals. Meanwhile alpha-activity was significantly decreased especially in the left hemispheres of patients with psycho-organic syndrome. The majority of patients were characterized by both enhanced reaction to light flashes rhythm assimilation and the decrease of nonspecific and skin-galvanic reactions to the light stimulus. The conclusion is made about the systemic CNS damage in such patients that was more pronounced in psycho-organic syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The heterogeneity of the cytogenetic variability in the bone marrow cells of laboratory and wild rodents in the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Analysis of the characters of cytogenetic variabilities and correlative interrelations between them revealed the group specificities of karyotype instability in bone marrow cells of some lines of laboratory and of wild mice under the conditions of increased radionuclide pollution in the Chernobyl zone. The complex correlative interrelations between the frequencies of cytogenetic anomalies and the character of cell division (the number of metaphases, binucleated leukocytes per 1000 cells) were observed. The obtained data indicate the stimulatory influence of chronic low doses of ionizing radiation on the manifestation of spontaneous mutagenesis, which has own genotype specific characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The adaptation of natural plant populations to chronic irradiation due to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The effects of plant seed additional irradiation in the 8th and 9th post-Chernobyl reproduction were studied by the test "chromosome aberrations in seedling root meristem". In most of plant species investigated, seeds developed in the radiocontaminated zone were more radiosensitive than those from the "clean" zone. This fact shows the lack of adaptation to chronic irradiation and the availability of the potential genetic lesions that are realized into mutations under the influence of extreme factors. The effects of seed additional irradiation in some plant species indicate an increase in plant radioresistance.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The genetic monitoring of the house mouse population from areas contaminated by radionuclides as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

In 1986-1994, genetic effects of radiation on males of wild mice caught in areas of radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl reactor accident were studied. The gamma-radiation dose rates on the soil surface in the areas varied from 0,02 to 200 mR/h. The frequency of reciprocal translocations in mouse spermatocytes was relatively low and increased linearly with increasing of the dose rate. The levels of recessive lethal mutations in mouse populations did not depend on the radiation dose rate in the areas and decreased with a time.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dynamics of the allele variants of biochemical markers in generations of cattle in the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Analysis of the heritability of allelic variants of polymorphous genetic-biochemical systems in the cattle groups, reproduced in conditions of increased radionuclide pollution in exclusion zone of the Chernobyl AES was carried out. The disturbances of equal probability of the heritability for different allelic variants in some cattle group were revealed. It was supposed, that the appearance of the disturbances may take part in changeabilities of different gene pools under the conditions of ecological stresses. Possible mechanisms of this phenomenon were discussed.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Erythron system function in adults subjected to radiation exposure as a result of the Chernobyl accident].

The morphofunctional state of hemopoiesis in patients who suffered from the Chernobyl accident was investigated. The activation of proliferative activity of erythroid progenitor cells simultaneously with a decrease in the resistance of erythrocytes and an increase in the levels of methemoglobin, HbF, and an increase in the number of HbF-containing cells in peripheral blood were detected. Main trends in the development of adaptative processes in the erythron system as a response to affect of low doses of radiation were determined on cellular and molecular levels.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biochemical changes in the brain of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus) from a 30-kilometer zone around the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Deviations in lipid peroxidation parameters and in activity of dehydration enzymes in the brain of the tundra voles inhabiting areas with higher level of technogenic contamination (the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP and the Republic of Komi) have been analyzed. During the first years after the disaster a decrease in the lipid antioxidative status of the brain and dehydrogenase activity, changes in the lipid composition of voles trapped in the disaster zone in comparison with control ones were more significant. Relative stabilization of the phospholipid composition with low antioxidizing activity of lipids and slight activity of succinate and piruvate dehydrogenases has been observed in a distant period of analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Biodosimetry of Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia and Latvia using the glycophorin A in vivo somatic cell mutation assay.

The reactor accident at Chernobyl in 1986 necessitated a massive environmental cleanup that involved over 600,000 workers from all 15 Republics of the former Soviet Union. To determine whether the whole-body radiation received by workers in the course of these decontamination activities resulted in a detectable biological response, over 1,500 blood samples were obtained from cleanup workers sent from two Baltic countries, Estonia and Latvia. Here we report the results of studies of biodosimetry using the glycophorin A (GPA) locus in vivo somatic cell mutation assay applied to 734 blood samples from these workers, to 51 control samples from unexposed Baltic populations and to 94 samples from historical U.S. controls. The data reveal inconsistent evidence that the protracted radiation exposures received by these workers resulted in a significant dose-associated increase in GPA locus mutations compared with the controls. Taken together, these data suggest that the average radiation exposure to these workers does not greatly exceed 10 cGy, the minimum levels at which radiation effects might be detectable by the assay. Although the protracted nature of the exposure may have reduced the efficiency of induction of GPA locus mutations, it is likely that the estimated physical doses for these cleanup worker populations (median reported dose 9.5 cGy) were too low to result in radiation damage to erythroid stem cells that can be detected reliably by this method.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

[Mental disorders in the participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

320 persons Chernobyl liquidators were examined. The selection was made on the basis of presence of mental disturbances of nonpsychotic level. Five syndromes were revealed: astheno-neurotic (116 cases), astheno-depressive (92 cases), obsessive-phobic (57), astheno-hypochondriac (32), hysteric-hypochondriac (23 persons). The structure of above-mentioned syndromes was determined by combination of different symptoms (there were 40 symptoms). It was found that affective disorders of depressive spectrum are prevalent in all mental manifestations, while vasovegetative disturbances were common in psychosomatic manifestations.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Exposure levels of persons involved in cleaning-up after the Chernobyl AES accident and included in the Russian State Medical and Dosimetric Registry].

Theoretical and practical problems related to the dosimetric data verification for recovery workers at the Chernobyl NBB are considered. Approaches and conclusions presented in the paper of L.A. Ilyin at al, (1). By using probability theory it was clearly that the method of dose verification developed in the reviewed paper and based on delta-entropy of statistical distribution failed to be scientifically founded. It does not permit to prove the existence of non-random component in random sampling without additional assumptions. The main conclusion of the reviewed paper, that 60% of individual doses included in the all-russia state medical and dosimetric state registry (ARMDSR) differ from the real exposure doses, is analysed and quantitatively estimated for several group of recovery workers. Our results present evidence that ARMDSR data do not contain a considerable part of "distorted" values even if the above mentioned method to take as valid.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytomorphological characteristics of the epithelial layer of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The complex of cytomorphological changes (dystrophy, dysregeneration, dysplasia, metaplasia) and dysfunction of gastric and duodenal mucosa epithelium were found in 79 liquidators of the Chernobyl disaster. It was shown that the reparative capability of superficial epithelium was retained. The increased number of abnormal mitoses was observed. The highest proliferative activity of duodenal epithelium reflects the intensity of reparative processes in duodenum at acute phase of peptic ulcer disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the immunity status of people with arterial hypertension who took part in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Clinical and immunological investigations were conducted in 70 patients with arterial hypertension from among those individuals having taken part in the elimination of the aftereffects of the Chernobyl APP breakdown in 1986-1987. The analysis of the results obtained showed the patients with primary and renal hypertension present with pathogenetic heterogeneity of the immune disturbances, which fact necessitates conducting rigorous immunologic monitoring for the methods of immune correction to be objectivized.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of long-acting radiation on the diversity of heterotrophic bacteria in the soils of a 10-kilometer area around the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The catastrophe at Chernobyl Atomic Power Station (ChAPS) of 1986 has created a natural model for studying the after-effects of prolonged action of radiation on the biota. Our work is aimed to estimate the variability of heterotrophic bacteria in the soil of 10-km zone of ChAPS which have formed as affected by prolonged action of radiation, as well as to create the corresponding collection of bacteria. Microbiological analysis of soils was carried out in 1993-1994 (in spring, summer, autumn), allowing for bacteria destroying different organic substance (in soil). It is shown that in the surface layer of soils (at the depth of 0-2 cm) the total number of cells of heterotrophic bacteria as well as the number of found species of bacteria is considerably less than in the control samples. Atypical distribution of bacteria in the soil profile was established. Indices of the species diversity of bacteria in these soils permit one to consider that microbe content of soil of the 10-km zone of the ChAPS has become considerably less after the disaster at the ChAPS in 1986 and has not recovered by 1993. A collection of various physiological groups of bacteria including representatives of Methylobacterium genus has been created. They have been isolated from the soils of 10-km zone of the ChAPS for following genetic investigations.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1997

Morphometry and densitometry of alveolar macrophage cytoplasmic particles in Chernobyl, Ukraine, liquidators.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize intracytoplasmic particles found in alveolar macrophages (AMs) sampled by bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) performed on Chernobyl, Ukraine, liquidators suffering form chronic obstructive lung disease. STUDY DESIGN: Eight BALs were assessed. BAL products containing AMs were cytocentrifuged, and appropriate fixation and epoxy embedding were performed for ultrastructural study. Morphometry of cells (AMs) and of cytoplasmic particles was then obtained by processing, using dedicated software, digitized ultrastructural images. RESULTS: AM cytoplasm contained crowded phagolysozomes, varying in size, shape and density and enclosing dense particles rich in radionuclides, with particular morphometric features: surface, 387 +/- 543 pixels (mean +/- SD); number, 77 +/- 34; phagozome/cell surface ratio, 23.7%; shape factor, 1.32 +/- 0.23; and mean optical density, 171 +/- 31. CONCLUSION: Processing of digitized ultrastructural images of AMs provides accurate morphometric data that can be used further for clinical purposes, in particular to evaluate BAL performed either for diagnosis or treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The antagonistic properties of bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of female mink housed in the area of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Differences in species composition, number and level of antagonistic activity of bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of Chernobyl female minks of various age and with different immunological state have been established. Prevalence of anaerobes (bifidobacteria) and microaerophils (lactic acid bacteria) with the increase of microorganisms concentration along the channel: stomach, small and large intestine (10(7)-10(10)/g) was found in all the departments of digestive tract of minks. Among the identified lactic-acid bacteria Lactobacillus helveticus (10(7)-10(8)/g) prevailed in the stomach of the studied female minks, L. coryniformis (10(9)-10(10)/g) in the small intestine, L. casei (10(10)/g) in the large one. Antagonistic activity was most expressed in the strains of L. helveticus and L. casei, isolated from the younger (1.5 year-old) minks. Enterococcus faecalis isolated from the stomach of 1.5 year-old female minks was distinguished by the greatest antagonistic activity among identified enterococci. Strains of E. faecium isolated from the thin intestine of the young female minks (1.5 year-old) and from the large intestine of more nature animals (2.5 years) who received thymogen were characterized by the most expressed antibiosis among enterococci isolated bacteria a conclusion was made that the mechanisms of inhibitory effect of the studied microorganisms are underlied by not only their capacity to form organic acids but also by the capacity to produce antibiotic products.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The moisture-releasing function of the lungs in persons who were exposed to moderate doses of ionizing radiation after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Results are submitted of studying the moisture-eliminating function of the lungs in healthy individuals who did not take part in the elimination of the aftermath of Chernobyl breakdown, and those having participated in the above attempts. The moisture-eliminating function of the lungs was found out to be varying and dynamic, being age-associated as well as dependent upon the position of the examinee on the right or left side. There can be noted relatedness of the moisture-eliminating function of the lungs to some ecological factors (moderate doses of ionizing radiation).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Implementation of international scientific and technological projects in the study of consequences of the Chernobyl AES accident].

The paper discusses the approaches and scientific and organizational principles used in the development of some International research projects in the study of consequences of the Chernobyl accident, which are under way by Russia's Ministry of Science and Engineering Policy. Special attention is given to sociomedical aspects and the possibilities of defining an individual medical policy while working with the liquidators and the members of their families.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

The consequences of the Chernobyl accident one decade after the disaster.

An international conference organised by the European Commission, the International Agency of Atomic Energy and the World Health Organization took place in Vienna, Austria on 8-12 April 1996. The EC/IAEA/WHO International Conference: One Decade after Chernobyl, was aimed at summing up the consequences of the accident. This article has been prepared on the basis of the Conference proceedings, discussions held during individual sessions and original publications devoted to this subject. All the materials are in the author's possession and can be made available to those interested.

Adult↗