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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The pattern of bronchial asthma in benin in the equatorial forest zone of Nigeria.

This paper describes a prospective study of 78 Nigerian patients with asthma from the equatorial forest zone of Nigeria. The work extended over 3 years, the patients attending a special asthma clinic for investigation and management. The acute asthmatic disease was fairly severe but permanent respiratory crippling and chronic bronchitis appeared relatively uncommon, possibly because of a low prevalence of cigarette smoking and minimal atmospheric pollution. Most factors precipitating attacks were apparently nonallergic. The house mite appeared the most common allergic factor by skin testing. Problems of treatment are discussed and comparisons made with other accounts from Africa and the UK.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Experimental studies on the function of maintaining concentration (TAF)--with special reference to learning activity (author's transl)].

Target aiming function (TAF) was used to examine fatigability in learning and extracurricular activities and also to assess physical fitness. Results obtained were as follows: 1. TAF revealed that visual education through television during the afternoon in crippled children caused more fatigue than in the morning. The fact suggests that durations and methods of learning should be adequately combined with the somatic conditions of children. 2. Adoption of adequate physical training with mental loads resulted in an amelioration of mental activity, as revealed by TAF test. 3. TAF test appeared to be an effective way in detecting the concentrating ability in sports. In conclusion, TAF test was useful in detecting fatigue in learning and physical fitness under certain conditions. It is thus expected that we can improve an efficiency of learning activity in school life by assessing correctly mental loads to children through TAF tests and by rearranging the pattern of curriculum combined with daily life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Encephalopathy in children with chronic renal failure.

The progressive encephalopathy observed in 5 children with chronic renal failure was clinically similar to the so-called dialysis encephalopathy of adults, except that it was not related to dialysis therapy. Renal osteodystrophy is more prevalent in children than in adults and often more severe. The attempt to control the crippling deformities of renal osteodystrophy in growing children with renal insufficiency has led to the use of large quantities of aluminum containing antacids. The encephalopathy observed in children with chronic renal failure may be related to the oral ingestion of aluminum containing compounds in the presence of persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism. We suggest that alternative methods for the adequate control of serum phosphorus levels should be sought and indications for parathyroidectomy in children reevaluated. During the past 18 mos we have lowered the dose of aluminum containing compounds to 50 to 100 mg/Kg/day in our patients with progressive renal failure and recommend parathyroidectomy. No new cases of the encephalopathy have occurred.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Endometriosis in adolescents.

Traditional gynecologic opinion holds that endometriosis is rare in teenagers. However, several reports of this disease in teenagers have appeared over the past four decades, and in one study of a series of endometriosis patients, teenagers accounted for 8.5% of them. With these facts in mind, 43 consecutive laparoscopies were prospectively analyzed in symptomatic teenagers. A 65% incidence of endometriosis was found. The symptoms and physical findings are analyzed. The liberal use of diagnostic laparoscopy in selected symptomatic adolescents is recommended for the early diagnosis and aggressive preventive treatment of this common and potentially crippling illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The community deals with the child who has a handicap.

Exclusion messages, however subtle, are interwoven into the community of the child who is handicapped. The subsystems of family, religion, neighborhood, education, health care, and financial assistance agencies have good intentions but frequently communicate poorly with the child and the parents. What is meant as a help becomes a hindrance for the child who must adapt to a limitation while continuing to move toward self-esteem, self-sufficiency, and skills that will enhance productivity and employability. No one negative message will destroy a handicapped child: it is the "history of learned inferiority" that cripples the child who is handicapped. Only when able-bodied individuals within the subsystems recognize the cumulative effect of these messages will the community be responsive to the real needs of the child who has a handicap. Nurses, schooled in sensitivity for the person, should resolve to be in the vanguard in this movement, becoming ever more sensitive to the needs of the handicapped. Such a giant step will begin a fresh and long-needed approach toward understanding those needs central to the well-being of the child who resides in the community and is also handicapped.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1983

Breast reconstruction following mastectomy.

Breast reconstruction now is an integral and valuable part of the management of patients with breast cancer. It offers hope and restitution for the patient while lessening the ablation and psychologic trauma of mastectomy. Continued close cooperation between the general surgeon and the plastic surgeon will assist the patient in her return as a functioning member of society and not mere survival as a mastectomy cripple.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The classic. The biology of functional restoration.

In 1902, when Americans were traveling to Austria and Germany for postgraduate training, Arthur Steindler (1878-1959) emigrated from his native Austria to the middlewestern United States to complete his education. After graduating from the renowned University of Austria in 1902 and completing postgraduate orthopedic training under Lorenz in 1907, he continued clinical work in Chicago under Ridlon until 1910. Ridlon recognized his scholarly qualities and recommended him for a professorship, first at Drake University and then at the University of Iowa, where from 1913 to 1949 he organized the most advanced statewide crippled children's service in the country. Steindler pioneered the application of biomechanics to orthopedic problems and wrote the first comprehensive book on the mechanics of locomotion. He educated more than 300 resident orthopedic surgeons from all parts of the world. He may have been the first to write long-term end-result statistics for each operation in a textbook on orthopedic surgery.

Austria↗
PubMed1984

Federal financing of dental services.

Federal support of health services delivery has been closely tied to social welfare and economic assistance legislation. Its underlying premise has been that health services should be provided by government only when individuals and families are unable to cope with health problems on their own. Dental care has never drawn a major share of health and welfare resources. It has been authorized in general terms by various statutes, but seldom have funds been earmarked specifically for dental services. Accordingly, the history of federal financing of dental services shows a gradual but progressive extension of services to populations and communities unable to obtain services on their own. Over time, a system of federal grants-in-aid has been built through which assistance is provided to state agencies or directly to communities or individuals. Table 3 provides a summary of the major programs. Before 1965, states received little federal support for dental services, except for funds provided through maternal and child health or crippled children's programs. Although Social Security authorized other public assistance funds that could be used for dental services, these were used principally to provide health services for the elderly. The relatively slow growth of federal dental programs accelerated during the Johnson and Nixon administrations. The explosion of health legislation during these years significantly broadened the federal role in providing health services to individuals and communities. Medicaid, the OEO programs, the health planning acts, migrant health, Appalachian Regional Development, Model Cities, and other statutes had significant impact on the accessibility and availability of dental services in poor, disadvantaged, rural, and otherwise underserved communities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

D-penicillamine, lymphocytes, and macrophages: an account of experimental investigations in vivo.

A short oral treatment with D-penicillamine of normal rats increased responsiveness of spleen and lymph node lymphocytes to concanavalin A, depending on the presence of functionally intact macrophages. This effect vanished after 2 to 3 wk despite continued treatment. In adjuvant arthritic rats, a suppressed response of lymph node lymphocytes occurs concomitantly with the development of the secondary lesion. This inhibition caused by suppressive macrophage activity was abolished by D-penicillamine treatment, which enhanced T helper cell function. This effect disappeared when permanent crippling developed with residual minimal inflammatory reaction. These findings may give further insight into the drug's effects and side effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Multiple wounds in children. Apropos of 76 cases].

Polytraumatisms in the child are relatively unfrequent, less severe, and get a lower rate of deaths compared with polytraumatisms in the adult. The indirect traumatism, being most frequent, is explained by projection and ejection. Direct traumatism is scacre. A classification in 4 types is proposed: type I: visceral polytraumatised child, type II: multiple fractured one, type III: mixed visceral and multiple fractured one, type IV: the crippled one. Cranial trauma has to be noticed as being a constant one. The relative unfrequency of spine, belly and thoracic injuries; the most frequent happening of peripheral traumatisms; the severeness of mutilations are emphasised. Multiple fractured children are healed with very remaining mutilations; the social and economic load is heavy; the pophylactics hypothetical.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Metallic mercury poisoning.

Among traditional toxins, mercury has an infamous heritage. Despite 2,000 years of recognized dangers, it continues to menace mankind. Bygone years focused on the dangers of the inorganic form, the past two decades have uncovered aftermaths of the organic form. Over the past ten years our Center has seen patients afflicted by the metallic form via four different avenues of exposure. In the first instance, a toddler succumbed to the effects of accidentally spilled high school chemistry quicksilver on a dining room carpet. In the second, a broken mercury switch in an infant isolette, was responsible for environmental contamination and infants' exposures. In a third, misguided efforts to extract gold from ore affected an entire family and particularly their male toddler with disastrous pulmonary problems. A fourth instance saw intravenous injection of metallic mercury lead to a most unusual chest radiograph and be associated with the demise of an already severely affected cardiac cripple. Highlights of each of these cases will be reviewed as they illustrate the importance of identifying the precise form of any chemical involved in a exposure and the essentiality of such information in predicting toxicity and recommending treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rehabilitation of the person with arthritis of the ankle and foot.

When combined with skillful pharmacologic management, applying the full stock of biomechanical principles available to the rheumatoid foot and ankle is very effective in avoiding the need for surgery and slowing or preventing deformity. The general principles of arthritis rehabilitation also help restore function. When good medical management, joint protection, exercise, and energy conservation techniques are combined with psychosocial vocational therapy as needed, the crippling loss of function so often seen in the past can be largely avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pathogenesis, prevention and therapy of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a major cause of disability in elderly subjects. It represents a heterogenous group of disorders of skeletal homeostasis characterized by reduced bone mass with defective skeletal function. It is a poorly understood entity for which there is at present no effective therapy. In this review, we summarize what is known about the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and discuss the available therapeutic modalities. We suggest that the future approach will be to identify risk factors and apply preventive measures in the preclinical stage of this crippling disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Changes in indications for heart transplantation. An additional argument for the preservation of the recipient's own heart.

The 1 year survival rate after heart transplantation since 1967 from +/-30% to +/-70%, and the 5 year survival rate is now +/-50%. This improvement has brought renewed interest in this procedure, now done in about twenty centers in eight countries, and increased confidence has widened the indication to patients who are less than terminally ill, to restore quality of life. This trend is illustrated by the Cape Town series, which can be divided into two parts: 10 patients treated by orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), from 1967 to 1973, and 40 patients treated by heterotopic heart transplantation (HHT), from 1974 to 1981. The HHT group was younger (mean 37 +/- 10 years versus 51 +/- 9 years, p less than 0.001), had been ill for a shorter length of time (mean 3.6 +/- 0.7 years versus 6.6 +/- 1.4 years, p less than 0.091), and were in a lower New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (mean 3.45 +/- 0.11 versus 3.9 +/- 1.0, p less than 0.006). The improved survival is linked to patient selection, progress in management, and switch to HHT, but not to progress in matching between donor and recipient. Since there is no means to predict tolerance of the donor heart, HHT limits the risks from unforseeable mismatch. The recipient's heart is a built-in assist device, maintaining life when the donor heart fails acutely at operation or during acute [three cases] or chronic [two cases] rejection. Had these patients undergone OHT they would have died. Comparing the 10 oldest HHT patients with the OHT series, no difference in pretransplant parameters was found. However, survival of HHT recipients was longer during the critical post-HHT period: at 3 months, p less than 0.011; at 6 months, p less than 0.05. Larger series will separate the effects of progress in management from the intrinsic advantages of HHT. Retaining the recipient's heart is logical and has brought few complications. Survival rate of 40 HHT patients was 73% at 6, 65% at 12, and 51% at 36 months; 85% of survivors are in NYHA Class I. In patients in less than desperate condition, but who refuse to remain cripples, HHT eliminates the growing ethical problem of removing a recipient's heart that may still support the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Falls from trees.

A prospective review of sixty consecutive patients who fell out of trees in a year was made. Fall from tree is an occupational hazard of traditional farmers, a rare cause of trauma, but a common cause of severe, crippling and often multiple injuries. It frequently resulted in spinal injury, and was the commonest cause of traumatic quadriplegia and paraplegia. The risk of fall and of sustaining spinal injury increased with age. Some school children also fell from fruit trees but they generally stood a better chance of getting away with relatively minor injuries. Methods of preventing or minimising the risk of this injury in farmers are highlighted.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1980

Untranslated immunoglobulin kappa light chain mRNA in a lambda light chain-producing mouse myeloma, MOPC104E.

Fourteen clones were isolated in culture from a mouse myeloma, MOPC104E. All clones had kappa and lambda types of light chain mRNAs in approximately equimolar quantity as assayed by hybridization with specific complementary DNA (cDNA). However, the myeloma produces and secretes only lambda-type light chain protein. Both kappa- and lambda-type mRNAs in these clones were indistinguishable from kappa- and lambda-type mRNAs of other myelomas with respect to (a) adsorption to oligo-(dT) cellulose, (b) molecular size (12.6 S), and (c) thermal stability of the hybrids formed with corresponding cDNA. The kappa chain mRNA of MOPC104E cells, however, was translated very inefficiently both in vivo and in vitro, whereas the lambda chain mRNA was translated efficiently. These results indicate that each cell of MOPC104E myeloma synthesizes a crippled kappa chain mRNA in addition to a normal lambda chain mRNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Home hyperalimentation through the digestive tract].

There are few reports in the contemporary literature on the use of home hyperalimentation by the enteral route, especitially for intestinally crippled patients. The authors describe five patients who had a total of 78 months of therapy by continuous nasogastric infusion of an elemental diet at home. The majority of the patients had undergone massive bowel resection. Home intravenous hyperalimentation techniques are compared with respect to feasibility, morbidity, cost and psychologic impact for the patient. Because of the differences, the authors suggest that home intravenous hyperalimentation should be reserved for patients who have failed a trial of enteral therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Development and present status of concentrate therapy for hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease.

A brief review of the current status of treatment of two severe bleeder diseases, hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease, with factor VIII concentrate is given. The functional activities deficient in the two diseases, antihemophilic factor (AHF) or coagulant factor VIII (F. VIII:C) in hemophilia, and the von Willebrand factor(s) (vWF; F.VIII R: Ag) in von Willebrand's disease, are present in a very large protein moiety of plasma, the macromolecular factor VIII complex. The rationale for replacement therapy of hemophilia depends on assessment of the severity of a given hemorrhagic episode followed by single, multiple, or continuous infusions of factor VIII concentrates sufficient to raise the plasma AHF to the hemostatic level (15 - less than 50%, depending on the severity of hemorrhage). Prophylactic regimens prevent hemorrhage but are expensive. Despite many problems in their use, the success of factor VIII concentrates in controlling severe hemorrhage and in preventing crippling by arthropathies is evident in many ways including the demand for concentrates, which now exceed the economic value of two other main products of plasma fractionation, albumin and gamma globulin. The rationale for therapy of von Willebrand's disease is dependent on the formation of the hemostatic platelet plug, which includes adhesion of platelets to a vascular site of bleeding, followed by platelet aggregation to give the hemostatic thrombus. The very large molecular weight arrays of the factor VIII complex contained in cryoprecipitate appear needed for development of the hemostatic plug. A new test for determining the plasma platelet-aggregating vWF, the Botrocetin test, appears superior to the ristocetin test. An activator factor in Bothrops snake venom is used. Some prospects for improving the factor VIII therapeutic preparations through recombinant DNA technology and through altering procedures for fractionation are outlined.

Crotalid Venoms↗