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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Temporal relationships between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of levodopa and clinical effect in Parkinson's disease.

We studied the pharmacokinetics of levodopa and its metabolites in plasma and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in 4 parkinsonian patients with indwelling Ommaya reservoirs placed at the time of previous adrenal-medullary to caudate nucleus transplantation. Cerebrospinal fluid levodopa levels were 11.9% of those in plasma. Motor performance and dyskinesia correlated more closely with the time course of the appearance of levodopa in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid than with the plasma levodopa concentration and did not correlate with plasma 3-O-methyldopa or cerebrospinal fluid 3-O-methyldopa or homovanillic acid. Our data confirm that the wearing off of the levodopa effect in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease is a function of drug concentration in the central nervous system.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Addition of the effects of norepinephrine and acetazolamide to decrease formation of cerebrospinal fluid.

In a system for ventriculocisternal perfusion of the choroid plexus, the rate of formation of new cerebrospinal fluid was measured by changes in dilution of an impermeant dye in the perfusate. Norepinephrine added to the perfusate decreased formation of cerebrospinal fluid in rats as was previously demonstrated in rabbits. The dose-response relationship for rats was determined. The formation rate was decreased 42% by 10(-3) M norepinephrine. Acetazolamide, 50 mg/kg i.v., caused a decrease of 46%. Given together, these drugs decreased formation 79%, demonstrating essentially full addition between the regulatory mechanisms involved. Addition of equal magnitude occurred when intraventricular nialamide, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, and i.v. acetazolamide were given together. This demonstrates addition between acetazolamide and endogenous norepinephrine (or other catecholamines present) in which metabolic breakdown is prevented by the inhibitor. The degree of reduction in cerebrospinal fluid formation seen in these experiments exceeds that reported for numerous other trials of single drugs.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid and elastic properties of the cerebrospinal system (a bolus technic)].

The theoretical aspects of employing the infusion methods of examination of CSF time course and viscoresilient properties of the cerebrospinal system (CSS) are discussed. The general formula of changes in the time of intracranial pressure (TIP) after a load is given. Dog experiments showed this formula to reflect sufficiently exactly the behavior of the CSS in a TIP range of 24 to 40 cm H2O. Analysis of the data in the literature and the results of the author's studies allows the conclusion that determination of CSF resorption resistance by the method of infusion under constant pressure with subsequent calculation of the CSS resilience gradient from the curve of TIP reduction makes it possible to avoid the disadvantages of the bolus technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Stability of lactic acid in cerebrospinal fluid specimens.

The stability of lactic acid in cerebrospinal fluid specimens from children with or without infections of the central nervous system was determined. Twenty-six patients were studied. These were ten children with bacterial meningitis, nine with aseptic meningitis and seven without any inflammation of the central nervous system. The specimens were left at room temperature and lactic acid concentration was measured at sequential intervals: 15 minutes, and two, six and 24 hours following their collection. A decline in the concentration was noticed in all specimens. However, the most marked total reduction in lactic acid concentration was noted in specimens obtained from patients with bacterial meningitis. The average reduction in that group was 5 mg/dl after two hours, 11 mg/dl after six hours and 18 mg/dl following 24 hours. Lactic acid concentration remained unchanged up to 72 hours in specimens frozen at -20 degrees C. To prevent misleading results, it is recommended that cerebrospinal fluid specimens not be left at room temperature for prolonged periods of time prior to lactic acid determination.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Cerebrospinal fluid production during proximal aortic cross-clamping.

During cross-clamping (XC) of the thoracic aorta, the cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) increases. The mechanism of the increased CSFP is unknown but increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production has been suggested as one explanation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the CSF production rate was influenced by proximal XC of the thoracic aorta in an experimental model. Using the ventriculocisternal perfusion method including [14C] inulin, the rate of CSF production was measured before, during and after XC of the thoracic aorta in seven pigs. The CSFP was measured via a catheter in the lateral ventricle and the thoracic aorta was cross-clamped just distal to the left subclavian artery for 30 minutes. Following cross-clamping the CSFP increased from 5 mmHg to 11 mmHg (p < 0.001) and remained elevated during XC. In contrast the CSF production rate was 0.09 ml/min prior to XC and was not significantly altered following XC. In conclusion this experimental study indicates that increased CSF production is not responsible for the increase in CSFP during XC.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of AIDS-related central nervous system lymphoma.

The diagnostic utility of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of central nervous system lymphoma was evaluated with two different PCR assays to test a collection of cerebrospinal fluid samples from 24 AIDS patients with central nervous system disorders. A PCR assay amplifying a fragment from the BamHI-W region had the highest clinical and analytic sensitivity. The BamHI-W PCR assay detected EBV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from 83% (5 of 6) of patients with pathologically proven primary central nervous system lymphoma and 7% (1 of 16) of controls with autopsy-proven nonlymphomatous central nervous system disorders. EBV DNA was also detected in one patient with autopsy-proven systemic lymphoma involving the central nervous system and one patient with probable primary central nervous system lymphoma. EBV DNA was detected consistently when central nervous system lymphoma involved meningeal surfaces. PCR for EBV in cerebrospinal fluid appears to be useful for diagnosis of AIDS-related central nervous system lymphoma, but additional studies are required to better define the sensitivity of the assay and to understand the significance of a positive test in the absence of lymphoma.

Central Nervous System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Cerebrospinal fluid ascites.

One new and one previously reported case of cerebrospinal fluid ascites following ventricular-peritoneal shungting are presented. Ultrasonic investigation is now most helpful.

Ascites↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnostic value of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the cerebrospinal fluid of malignant brain tumor with intrathecal metastasis].

Neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 54 cases of brain tumors, in the tumor tissues of 10 brain tumors and in the cyst fluids of 7 brain tumors was measured by radioimmunoassay with NSE measurement kit (Eiken Chemistry co.) NSE values in the cerebrospinal fluid of 35 malignant brain tumors showed abnormal increase higher than 10 ng/ml in 17 cases (about 50%) of them, whereas all of benign cases were lower than 10 ng/ml. The means and standard deviations of NSE in the cerebrospinal fluid of malignant tumors were 20.63 +/- 20.78 ng/ml in the astrocytoma grade 3 and 4, 19.73 +/- 15.5 ng/ml in the medulloblastoma and 12.4 +/- 8.9 ng/ml in the germ cell tumor. NSE values in the CSF of 12 brain tumors with intrathecal metastasis were 28.0 +/- 18.9 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) showing about three times as much as those without intrathecal metastasis. There was significant difference between these groups (p less than 0.01). All cyst fluids including in 7 cases of brain tumors demonstrated high values of NSE even if they were benign tumor and their NSE values in CSF were normal. NSE values of brain tumor tissues had no correlation with malignancy, but were higher in the periphery of the tumors than in the center. NSE values of CSF in brain tumors might be changed in relation with the improvement or deterioration on clinical state and CT. It might be suggested that the measurement of NSE in the CSF had significance as a monitor of therapeutic efficacy and prognosis for the brain tumors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the value of determining lysozyme levels in cerebrospinal fluid in myeloencephalitis].

The study aimed at assessing the value lysozyme assay in CFS as indicator of the damage to blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and intensification of inflammatory process in the course of meningitis. The study involved 20 patients with suppurative and 66 with viral meningitis. Control group included 26 patients without nervous system disease. To estimate the degree of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier damage albumin and lysozyme indicators were calculated. It was proved, that CSF lysozyme levels are bigger in the suppurative meningitis than in viral meningitis. According to the author, CSF lysozyme levels the value of lysozyme indicator may inform on intensification of the inflammatory process and the degree of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier damage in suppurative meningitis, whereas in the viral meningitis they inform on degree of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier damage, only.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in cerebrospinal fluid associated with hydrocephalus.

UNLABELLED: Various neurological disorders are associated with specific changes in the level of total lactic dehydrogenase and concentrations of its isoenzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid. We describe the lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme values in children with hydrocephalus. Cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from 10 patients (2 to 16 mo) with hydrocephalus were analysed for total lactic dehydrogenase activity and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes. Findings were compared with those in samples from 15 paediatric patients, with normal results. Mean total lactic dehydrogenase activity in the cerebrospinal fluid was significantly higher in the patients with hydrocephalus (101 +/- 23.11 U/L) than in the controls (33.53 +/- 5.75 U/L) (p <0.001). In the control samples, lactic dehydrogenase-1 was the main fraction, followed by lactic dehydrogenase-2 and 3; only small concentrations of lactic dehydrogenase-4 and lactic dehydrogenase-5 were detected. By contrast, patients with hydrocephalus had lower concentrations of the lactic dehydrogenase-1 fraction and higher lactic dehydrogenase-2 and lactic dehydrogenase-3 concentrations, the differences between these results and those in the control group being statistically significant (p < 0.001). The values for lactic dehydrogenase-4 and lactic dehydrogenase-5 were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Findings should be considered together with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound scans. The cerebrospinal fluid lactic dehydrogenase profile may prove to be an important predictor of cerebral injury, obstructive hydrocephalus and long-term neurodevelopmental problems.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fluorescent antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients suspected of cerebral malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum].

The authors report the results of indirect immunofluorescent technique used for detecting malarial antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of 126 African patients suspected of cerebral malaria from infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Almost all of them were less than 15 years old and were living in urban unstable hypoendemic areas. Malarial antibodies, mainly IgG, were found in about 25 0/0 of cerebrospinal fluid samples, whether the patients were admitted for malaria or for any other disease. Malarial antibodies were more frequently found in cerebrospinal fluid of patients over 2 years old and in those not treated with antimalarial drugs before hospitalization. No correlation was found between serum antibody level, parasitemia, splenomegaly, clinical form, precocity of blood collection and malarial antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid. The results concerning serum antibodies corroborate previous works.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The primary empty sella syndrome: analysis of the clinical characteristics, radiographic features, pituitary function and cerebrospinal fluid adenohypophysial hormone concentrations.

Twelve cases of the primary empty sella syndrome were analyzed in regard to clinical findings, roentgenographic features, pituitary function and cerebrospinal fluid adenohypophysial hormone concentration. The findings were compared with those in 247 cases of the primary empty sella syndrome reviewed from the literature in order to determine the major characteristics of this disorder. The majority of patients are obese, multiparous women with normal pituitary reserve, normal visual fields and undetectable adenohypophysiol hormone concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. In addition occasional patients witll have hypertension, pseudotumor cerebri and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Patients who present with the typical features of the primary empty sella syndrome should be evaluated periodically with pituitary function testing, visual field examinations and cerebrospinal fluid adenohypophysial hormone determinations. If these parameters remain normal during careful follow-up studies, the patient is likely to have an empty sella, and pneumoencephalographic and angiographic studies can be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Diurnal changes of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin and 24-h growth hormone secretory pattern in man. A study in hydrocephalic patients.

Somatostatin concentration was determined in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid during a 24-h period in 7 male patients suffering from hydrocephalus of differing aetiologies. Blood and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid samples were taken every 2 h during the day (08.00-22.00 h) and every hour during the night (24.00-07.00 h). Simultaneously, plasma growth hormone levels were also evaluated. Plasma SRIH levels showed significant circadian variations with highest values in the daytime and lowest values during the night. Cerebrospinal fluid SRIH did not show any significant time-related circadian changes. Plasma GH levels showed the well-known circadian pattern in the majority of patients. No significant correlation was found between the plasma GH and plasma or cerebrospinal fluid SRIH values recorded during the 24-h period. Results suggest that peripheral SRIH does not play any major role in the control of the 24-h GH secretory pattern in man.

Adult↗