Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CASTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Minimally displaced Colles' fractures: a prospective randomized trial of treatment with a wrist splint or a plaster cast.

Sixty-six adult patients with minimally displaced distal radial fractures were randomly assigned to treatment with either a plaster cast or a lightweight removable wrist splint. Outcome assessment was by clinical and radiological evaluation and an independent physiotherapy assessment. There were significant differences between the treatments for cast satisfaction, cast problems and the functional assessment score at 6 weeks, with the removable splint scoring better in all cases.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Measurement of the dimensions and abutment rotational freedom of gold-machined 3i UCLA-type abutments in the as-received condition, after casting with a noble metal alloy and porcelain firing.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Laboratory processing of implant-supported prostheses may alter the surface of the abutment in contact with the implant head and thus the interface fit. PURPOSE: This study assessed changes at the implant interface of gold-machined UCLA abutments after casting and porcelain baking in the case of single-tooth restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The depth (d) and width (w) of the hexagonal portion of the abutment, the apical diameter (D) of the abutment, and the abutment rotational freedom (R) were assessed for 30 gold-machined UCLA abutments before casting procedures (time 0), after casting with a noble metal alloy (time 1), and after the addition of porcelain (time 2) to detect any eventual fitting change in the abutments on the top of the implant hexagon. RESULTS: No significant differences relative to all study parameters (d, w, D, and R) were observed between times 0, 1, and 2 (P=.576). CONCLUSION: The results of this investigation suggest that, if all laboratory steps are observed carefully, changes at the implant interface of gold-machined UCLA abutments do not occur.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Effect of toothbrushing on the toxicity of casting alloys.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The biological properties of casting alloys have been assessed largely under passive conditions. The effect of common intraoral stresses such as brushing, toothpastes, and low pH on alloy toxicity are not known. PURPOSE: This study assessed the toxicity of 5 types of casting alloys commonly used in prosthodontics after toothbrushing, brushing in an acidic environment, or brushing with toothpaste. These toxicities were compared with those observed without any brushing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Au-Pt, Au-Pd, Pd-Cu-Ga, Ni-Cr-Be, and Ni-Cr (no Be) alloys were brushed for 48 hours in a toothbrushing machine at 90 strokes/minute and 200g force. Alloys were brushed with either saline at pH 7, saline at pH 4 (acidified with sodium lactate), or saline with 1:7 (wt/wt) toothpaste. After the brushing regimen, the cytotoxicity of the alloys was assessed in a standard in vitro test. Cytotoxicities of the alloys after different brushing treatments were compared with unbrushed (control) specimens. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison intervals (alpha=.05) were used to identify significant differences among brushing conditions. RESULTS: Brushing at pH 7 significantly increased the toxicity of the Pd-Cu-Ga alloy (15% to 20% over unbrushed specimens). Brushing at pH 4 increased the toxicity of the Au-Pt and Au-Pd alloys by 30% and the Pd-Cu-Ga alloy by >40%. The Ni-based alloys were not affected by acid. After being brushed with toothpaste, both Ni-based alloys were significantly more toxic, but Ni-Cr-Be was the worst, increasing more than 60% in toxicity over the controls. The toxicity of the Au-Pd alloy also increased significantly (15%). CONCLUSION: Brushing dental casting alloys may increase their cytotoxicity in vitro, but the increase depends heavily on the alloy type and brushing condition.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1983

Serial casting for the management of spasticity in the head-injured adult.

Soft tissue contractures resulting from spasticity are a frequent sequella of traumatic head injuries. This article identifies rationale for the use of serial casting to manage these deformities, provides guidelines for cast fabrication and application, and reports the results of lower extremity casting on 42 head-injured adults at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cast brace for the upper extremity.

Management of a traumatized elbow or intra-articular fracture with concomitant upper extremity long bone fracture is tedious, especially when early elbow motion is desirable. An adaptation of the lower extremity hinged cast brace to the elbow provides controlled flexion while protecting against varus/valgus stress and translation forces. A cast brace is constructed from readily-available materials, and can be applied in an out-patiet clinic. The functional results obtainable in a variety of upper extremity injuries are excellent, and the patients generally accept the elbow cast brace very well.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of Pavlik harness application and immediate spica casting for femur fractures in infants.

This retrospective study compares Pavlik harness application versus spica casting for the treatment of children under 1 year of age with a femoral shaft fracture. The clinical and radiographic outcomes of 24 patients treated in a Pavlik harness were compared with 16 patients treated in a spica cast. The average age and weight of the two groups were significantly different, but there were no differences in radiographic outcomes between the Pavlik and spica cast groups. Approximately one third of all spica patients had a skin complication that added an additional risk to the patient. There were no similar complications in the Pavlik group. There were no differences in the outcome of the fractures in the two groups. The authors believe that all children under 1 year of age with a femoral shaft fracture are candidates for treatment with a Pavlik harness.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Immediate spica casting for pelvic fractures.

Records of 52 polytraumatized patients with closed pelvic fractures were reviewed retrospectively to determine if spica cast application decreased mortality due to exsanguination. Twelve patients had supplemental stabilization with external fixators or internal fixation of the pelvis. Their results indicated that the spica cast is effective in decreasing or controlling bleeding since no patient died of exsanguination. Several patients did die, however, but the cause of death in these patients was usually adult respiratory distress syndrome with or without other sepsis. Injury severity score, age, hypotension, and platelet count were found to be prognostic indicators for both transfusion requirements and mortality. A spica cast may be a useful adjunctive method for decreasing blood loss in the immediate postinjury period, but prolonged or improper use may lead to additional complications and death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The management of tibial shaft fractures by early weight bearing in a patella tendon bearing cast: a comparative study.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the author's personal experiences in using the Patella Tendon Bearing Cast (P.T.B.) as described by Sarmiento (6), in the management of tibial shaft fractures. In all patients weight-bearing was instituted in a P.T.B. cast 4 weeks from the date of the fracture. The results obtained were compared with those of conventional methods used in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures. Analysis revealed that when the P.T.B. cast was used for treatment of tibial shaft fractures, the time taken for fracture healing was significantly reduced and the functional results were superior to those of conventional methods.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caring for a young child in a body cast: impact on the care giver.

Data from an open-ended questionnaire and the comments section of a structured questionnaire were combined and analyzed to determine the challenges faced and alterations in usual daily activities required by mothers caring for a young child at home in a body cast. The sample consisted of 35 mothers who identified themselves as the primary care givers of a child in a body cast. The challenges of caring for a child in a body cast required major adjustments in almost every aspect of the mothers' lives, including household activities, social and community activities, child care activities, personal care activities, occupational activities, and educational activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Clinical experience with a new casting tape.

Between October 1977 and 1978, 93 CutterCast casts were applied at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. The composition and application of this new casting system are described, and the performance of the 93 casts is evaluated in relation to ease of application, roentgenographic clarity, skin condition, patient comfort, and ease of removal. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Functional outcome of thoracolumbar burst fractures managed with hyperextension casting or bracing and early mobilization.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study to review the results of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures managed with casting or bracing and early ambulation in neurologically healthy patients. OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical outcome of patients with unstable burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine treated without surgery, and to identify any variables that may adversely influence the final outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The management of unstable fractures of the thoracolumbar spine as described by Bedbrook involves a period of recumbency for 6-8 weeks followed by gradual mobilization. Newer techniques of surgical stabilization of the fracture and decompression of the neural elements have become popular because immediate stability of the spine is created and because the need for prolonged bedrest and hospitalization is eliminated. There have been only three reports in the literature describing the nonoperative management of these fractures with early mobilization; some authors believe that this is appropriate only if the posterior column is intact. The results reported in the literature of nonoperative management of thoracolumbar burst fractures have indicated that this is an effective method of management. METHODS: A retrospective review of 26 patients with unstable burst fractures in the thoracolumbar region (T11-L2) was performed; follow-up evaluation was obtained from 24 patients. Clinical follow-up examination was performed by the use of a questionnaire in which the patients were asked to rate their pain, ability to work, ability to perform in recreational activities, and their overall satisfaction with treatment. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time for the 24 patients was 34.3 months. Mean duration of hospitalization was 8.2 days; those patients who did not have injuries other than their spine fracture had a mean hospitalization time of 5.9 days. Kyphotic deformity could be corrected with hyperextension casting but tended to recur during the course of mobilization and healing. No correlation was found between kyphosis and clinical outcome. At final follow-up evaluation, 19 patients (79%) had little or no pain; 18 patients (75%) had returned to work; 18 (75%) stated that they had little or no restrictions in their ability to work, and 16 (67%) stated that they had little or no restrictions in their ability to participate in recreational activities. Only one patient (4%) reported being dissatisfied with the initial nonoperative treatment of his spine fracture. Ten patients were found to have evidence of spinous process widening on plain films; there was no significant difference in the clinical or radiographic outcome of these 10 patients when compared with the 14 others who did not have interspinous widening. CONCLUSIONS: Nonoperative management of thoracolumbar burst fractures with hyperextension casting or bracing was proven to be a safe and effective method of treatment in selected patients. Clinical results were favorable; no neurologic deterioration was observed; hospitalization times were minimized, and patient satisfaction was high. The authors do not believe that ligamentous injury of the posterior column is a contraindication to nonoperative management of thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Buckle fractures of the distal radius are safely treated in a soft bandage: a randomized prospective trial of bandage versus plaster cast.

To show that the treatment of buckle fractures of the distal radius in children in a soft bandage is an effective and safe method of treatment, a randomized prospective trial was undertaken. Patients entered the trial after diagnosis in the accident and emergency department. Allocation to either plaster cast or bandage was random. Bandage patients were seen each week. Plaster cast patients were seen at 4 weeks. Measurements were taken at all visits. Patient questionnaires were completed at the end of treatment. Thirty-nine patients completed the study. Eighteen were allocated to bandage, 21 to plaster cast. Those in bandage showed an excellent range of movement by the first week. Results were highly positive for treatment in bandage, with no reported adverse effects and a highly desirable result for the patient. The authors would suggest a change in treatment policy for such fractures.

Bandages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Volkmann contracture and compartment syndromes after femur fractures in children treated with 90/90 spica casts.

Nine pediatric patients (mean age 3.5 yrs) with low energy femur fractures were treated with 90/90 spica casts and developed leg compartment syndromes, Volkmann contracture, and ankle skin loss. These cases are detailed and a proposed mechanism leading to this devastating complication is explained. The authors believe the technique of an initial below knee cast, and then using that cast for applying traction while immobilizing the child in the 90/90 spica is potentially dangerous. Alternative spica application methods are advocated.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed2006

Effectiveness of upper and lower limb casting and orthoses in children with cerebral palsy: an overview of review articles.

The objective of this overview is to summarize from systematic reviews the evidence on the effectiveness of using upper and lower limb casting or orthoses in children with cerebral palsy. We used computerized bibliographic databases to search for systematic reviews without any language restrictions. Identification, selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by two investigators. Of the 40 identified reviews, 23 were selected for closer consideration, and five reviews met the inclusion criteria. The quality of existing systematic reviews and original studies included in our reviews varied widely. The following evidence was found: (1) casting of lower limbs has a short-term effect on passive range of movement; (2) orthoses that restrict ankle plantar flexion have a favorable effect on an equinus walk, but the long-term clinical significance is unclear; (3) evidence on managing upper limb problems with casting or splinting in children with cerebral palsy is inconclusive. Our conclusion is that there is a paucity of evidence from primary studies on the use of orthoses in children with cerebral palsy. More original, well-designed research is needed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Internal fixation versus traction and casting of adolescent femoral shaft fractures.

We compared the results of traction plus subsequent casting with rigid internal fixation in a large series of adolescent femoral shaft fractures. Of 90 patients with 96 femoral shaft fractures, 49 (52 fractures) underwent rigid internal fixation, whereas 41 (44 fractures) underwent traction and subsequent casting until healing occurred. The traction and casting group had a mean hospital stay of 26 days. The operative group had a mean hospital stay of 9 days and had fewer complications than the nonoperative group. Adolescent femoral shaft fractures can be operatively treated with excellent results and a decreased complication rate. Operation results in shorter hospitalization, which has psychological, social, educational, and economic advantages over conservative treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Measurements of dental cast profile and three-dimensional tooth movement during orthodontic treatment.

We have developed a system for measuring three-dimensional profiles of dental casts and three-dimensional tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. The profile measurement is based on the triangulation method which detects a laser sport on a cast using an image sensor. The system is computer-controlled and designed to achieve the depth and lateral resolutions of 0.05 and 0.1 mm, respectively, within a depth range of 25 mm. We have applied our system to measuring three-dimensional movement of teeth, including rotations, during orthodontic treatment. The movements have been obtained by means of three-dimensional registration of tooth profiles using a computer between casts serially taken at different stages of the treatment. Measurements over periods of 41 to 190 days on patients have revealed that this technique is capable of quantifying the difference in movements due to orthodontic therapeutics.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed2001

Complete 3-D reconstruction of dental cast shape using perceptual grouping.

To achieve the complete three-dimensional (3-D) data retrieval of the shape of dentition, dental casts were measured from four directions; occlusal, right, left, and labial sides using a line laser scanner. Reconstruction of the entire shape, including undercuts and tooth crowding area, was attempted by applying a perceptual grouping algorithm, which is one of pattern-recognition theories. In the data measured from occlusal, right and left sides, the rows of measurements were parallel to the frontal plane, and three-directionally combined data (3-DC data) was accomplished by affine transformation. While, in the labial side, transformation to the frontal plane was done since rows of the measured data were parallel to the sagittal plane. To combine the labial data with the 3-DC data and reconstruct the complete image, rearrangement of the order of the data in the file was attempted by applying the perceptual grouping. That is, the minimum total length of data combining was examined by considering the factor of proximity and continuity between the data. The most appropriate order of data combining and recognition of islands were accomplished. Using a computer graphic (CG) with a wire-frame model, complicated regions such as anterior segments showing tooth crowding and undercut area were found to be successfully reconstructed without any data defects. The accuracy of reconstruction was ascertained by comparing the characteristic distances between apexes of molars in the reconstructed model with the real cast. The difference was within 0.3 mm, and present method for dental cast reconstruction is considered to be satisfactory for the present purpose such as orthodontics.

Dental Casting Technique↗