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PubMed1997

[Evaluation of enhanced CT examination in the differential diagnosis of local recurrence and postradiation fibrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate enhanced CT examination in the differential diagnosis of local tumor recurrence and postradiation fibrosis when a mass appeared is observed after radiation therapy of carcinoma of nasopharynx. METHODS: 159 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined by CT, including 37 cases of local recurrence(RT) after radiation therapy and 54 cases of postradiation fibrosis (RF) 68 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (PT) before radiation therapy sened as comparison. Elscint sprint 2000 CT machine was used. The CT number of plain and enhanced examination of the mass appearing after radiation therapy were measured. Variance analysis was used as statistical management for CT number difference of different kinds of mass lesions before and after contrast enhancement. RESULTS: In the RT cases, the average CT number of the mass lesion for plain scan were 50.40 +/- 8.10 Hu, and for enhanced scan it was 73.74 +/- 7.37 Hu. In the RF cases plain scan 48.62 +/- 10.15 Hu, enhanced scan 56.74 +/- 8.69 Hu, In the control cases (PT), the CT number in the plain scan of lesion was 48.32 +/- 9.20 Hu, and 72.38 +/- 7.75 Hu in the enhanced examination. These measurement showed obvious enhancement of recurrence tumor. The CT number of contrast scan of RT and RF was obviousy different (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: If a mass lesion appears after radiation therapy in carcinoma of nasopharyx, enhancement of the lesion in CT scan is an important criterion for differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of lamotrigine in the psychosocial readaptation of patients with epilepsy].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Epilepsy is a chronic illness which causes psychosocial problems in the patients affected. These disorders may be investigated by using the Washington Psychosocial Inventory (WPSI). We wish to show the variables which affect the WPSI most and also the changes seen in the results of this test and the control of seizures after treatment with lamotrigine for a year. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using the WPSI, we studied 70 patients in the epilepsy outpatient clinic of the Psychiatric Hospital in La Habana during the period February-March 1998. The results of the WPSI were analysed according to the following variables: cerebral lesion, age of onset of epilepsy, frequency of seizures, more than one seizure per patient, and the antiepileptic drug used. The patients were followed-up during one year of treatment with lamotrigine, and the WPSI was repeated after one year (in March 1999). The following statistical tests were used to find the level of significance: variance analysis, standard deviation, chi deviation and difference between means. RESULTS: The WPSI showed initially, at almost all levels, poor scoring; 48.86% had generally poor psychosocial function (FPG). Only the greater frequency of seizures significantly altered the WPSI. After treatment with lamotrigine for one year there was better seizure control, a better WPSI result and only 11.43% had poor FPG. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that the high frequency of seizures is the variable which most affects the WPSI and that lamotrigine is useful both for control of epileptic seizures and to obtain psychosocial rehabilitation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Quantification of posterior capsular opacification in digital images after cataract surgery.

PURPOSE: To describe a software program developed to provide an objective assessment of the amount of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in high-resolution digital images of the posterior capsule after cataract surgery. METHODS: Images are analyzed by a set protocol of defining the area of the posterior capsule, removing the Purkinje light reflexes by intensity segmentation, contrast enhancement, filtering to enhance low-density PCO, and variance analysis using a co-occurrence matrix to assess texture. The accuracy of the system was tested for validity and repeatability. RESULTS: The software developed has been demonstrated to be an objective method of quantifying PCO. In validation tests, the image analysis-derived measure of PCO showed good agreement with clinically derived measures of PCO. Clinicians assessed PCO on a computer screen image and also under slit lamp examination (Pearson correlation coefficient for both methods >0.92). The entire acquisition and analysis system was demonstrated to have a confidence limit for 2 SDs of 9.8% for group data. CONCLUSIONS: This system is capable of producing an accurate and reproducible measure of PCO that is relevant to assessing techniques of PCO prevention.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Serum lipid profile in pubescent athletes.

Physical activity has a beneficial effect on the serum lipid profile in adolescent and mature humans. The aim of the study was to compare the basic serum lipid parameters of pubescent athletes practicing different sports with those of untrained boys and girls and to investigate the relationship between the variations of the values of these variables and the respective type of sport practiced. 876 highly trained athletes (559 boys and 317 girls) were included in this study. Their mean (+/- SD) age, weight and duration of training were: 14.01 +/- 1.78 years; 56.24 +/- 15.39 kg, and 3.52 +/- 2.07 years. The control group consisted of 357 untrained subjects (171 boys and 186 girls) with mean (+/- SD) age and weight 14.58 +/- 1.70 years and 57.75 +/- 12.66 kg. The group of athletes was divided into seven subgroups according to the sport practiced: athletics (n = 105), swimming (n = 107), rowing (n = 233), wrestling, box and judo (n = 225), weight lifting (n = 47), various team sports (n = 92), and other sports (n = 67). Venous blood samples were drawn from the cubital vein and the concentrations of serum total cholesterol (CHOL), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured. Statistical indices were computed for each group and for each variable, and analysis of variance factorial analysis was performed to evaluate the statistical significance of the differences detected. The CHOL in highly trained group was found lower than in the control group (3.93 +/- 0.89 vs. 4.31 +/- 0.76 mmol/l, p < 0.001), and in highly trained boys the CHOL was lower than in highly trained girls (3.88 +/- 0.71 vs. 4.02 +/- 0.89 mmol/l, p < 0.01). The HDL-C was lower in the trained group in comparison with the control one (1.43 +/- 0.59 vs. 1.60 +/- 0.57 mmol/l, p < 0.001). No differences were found in HDL-C between boys and girls in both trained and control group. Serum TG were higher in highly trained group than in controls (1.01 +/- 0.59 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.38 mmol/l, p < 0.001). The results of the study indicate that (a) trained pubescents have lower serum total cholesterol than untrained boys and girls of the same age; (b) trained pubescent boys have lower serum total cholesterol than trained pubescent girls; (c) the level of serum TG is not relevant to the type of physical exercise in pubescence; (d) long-term sport practicing is not able to decrease serum HDL-C levels in both sexes; (e) sport affects serum total cholesterol to a greater degree than does sex in pubescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lipid profile in healthy newborn infants and its correlation with maternal lipid levels].

OBJECTIVE: To determine serum levels of lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins in newborns and their mothers and to know the association between them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples were taken from 200 newborns and from their mothers, and analyzed for lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein content in an autoanalyzer. Data were analyzed with the Epi Info 6 program. Central tendency measurements, variance analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were obtained. RESULTS: Average lipid levels in newborn blood samples was 625.2 +/- 130, 158.8 +/- 44 mg/dl of cholesterol, 136.9 +/- 97 mg/dl of triglycerides, 70.5 +/- 23.9 mg/dl LDL, 52.7 +/- 14 mg/dl HDL and 26.5 +/- 15.5 mg/dl VLDL. CONCLUSIONS: Newborn cholesterol levels were similar to values reported by Alpers and higher than levels published by the American Committee of Pediatric Biochemistry in USA. An association between levels in mothers and their children was found.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Interpopulation differences in acoustic characteristics of phonation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible differences in acoustic characteristics of phonation between populations of European and African origin. The subjects were 33 adult males divided in two groups. Group One consisted of 17 men of African origin, and Group Two included 16 men of European origin. All subjects were without vocal pathology at the time of the investigation, smokers and non-smokers. Sustained phonation of the vowel /a/ was acoustically analyzed by the Real-time Frequency Analyzer (Bruel and Kjaer, type 2123). Variables included f0, intensity of f0, intensity of harmonics 1-7, jitter and noise level intensity. One-way variance analysis showed statistically significant difference between the two groups in intensity of the second harmonic only. The same analysis has been repeated with non-smokers and showed statistically significant differences in intensities of the second and the third harmonic leading to assumption that there may be fine differences in vocal fold vibration between Group One and Group Two. Factor congruence analysis showed differences between samples in factor structures. It could be possible that these differences reflect psychoacoustic level.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2000

Our experiences with combination of enzyme therapy and laser therapy in enthesopathies.

The present communication brings a contribution to the confrontation of two treatment methods in enthesopathies (painful overload syndromes). In group A, 26 patients were treated by a combination of systemic enzyme therapy (SET) and non-invasive laser therapy. In group B, 13 persons were treated only by therapeutic laser. The average age in group A and B was of 39.3 and 41.8 years, respectively. The representation of men and women in the two groups was almost identical. The intensity of the pain prior to the treatment and after the treatment, specified by each patient with the help of a ten-grade scale, was evaluated by the variance analysis. The combined treatment by the SET and therapeutic laser was statistically significantly more efficient (p = 0.02). On the other hand, there was also a significant difference between the two groups in baseline values of average pain intensities. These values were of 7.0 and 5.2 in groups A and B, respectively. The average value of the pain intensity in all the 39 patients was of 6.6 prior to the treatment and it was reduced to 3.5 after the treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

[Zinc and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the zinc organic concentration in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in relation to a control group. Also, to analyze if the serum zinc levels are related with zinc concentration in erythrocyte, nail and hair. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients of COPD have been studied, all males, average age 62 +/- 7 years and body mass index (BMI) of 27 +/- 4. Forty patients were included in the control group, with average age 57 +/- 9 years and BMI of 24 +/- 5. The patients with concomitant disease or booth treatment that could increase the zinc excretion were excluded. In all patients clinical history and examination, hematology and biochemistry tests, hepatic and lipid parameters, and nail, plasma, hair and erythrocyte zinc levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometry were done. Variance analysis and Pearson test were done. RESULTS: Blood, intraerythrocyte and nail zinc were similar in healthy subjects and patients; however, the median concentration of zinc in hair was significantly lower in patients (156 +/- 46 micrograms/g versus control group (185 +/- 64 micrograms/g) (p < 0.05). No differences were found between smokers and no smokers, and drinkers and no drinkers in relation with body concentration of zinc. CONCLUSION: The zinc concentration in hair can be a good method to evaluate the chronic deficiency in the human body. The COPD patients could be susceptible to develop zinc deficiency; the situation increases the possibility of infection diseases.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro measurement of nitazoxanide sensitivity of 4 Giardia duodenalis isolates obtained from different hosts].

BACKGROUND: In Mexico giardiosis is the most prevalent parasitic disease in children. Treatment with antiparasitics derived from: nitroimidazoles, benzimidazoles and nitrofuranes have been used; but, some of them have undesirable side effects. Recently nitazoxanide (Ntz) was introduced in Mexico; however, there are few studies on Giardia duodenalis susceptibility to Ntz. OBJECTIVE: To determine G. duodenalis sensitivity to Ntz and compare it to tinidazole (Tnz). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Assays were performed in four G. duodenalis isolates: INP231087MM, INP210897-AXA1 obtained from humans infections, INP170693HG8, INP300693-CP5 from a cat and a dog, respectively. Half million trophozoites were exposed to different Ntz or Tnz concentrations in TYI-S-33, for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. Trophozoite viability was tested by the colorimetric method of MTT-tetrazolium salts reduction to MTT-formazan. To analyze ultrastructural damage, control and experimental samples were processed by standard electron microscopy methods. Experiments were carried out, in a double blind in triplicate and repeated four times. Results were analyzed by variance analysis. RESULTS: Susceptibility at 100% were in a Ntz concentration ranging from 1 microgram to 7 micrograms and in a Tnz concentration ranging from 1 microgram to 4 micrograms. There were significant differences when sensitivities to Ntz were compared between them (P < 0.001). The ultrastructural analysis showed changes in trophozoite volume, loss of characteristic shape and swelling. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of G. duodenalis susceptibility to Ntz performed in isolates from different hosts. G. duodenalis isolates were more susceptible to Tnz than Ntz.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of fluorogenic TSC agar for recovering Clostridium perfringens in groundwater samples.

Clostridium perfringens is widely recognised as a reliable water pollution indicator. Since several media can be employed for the membrane filtration enumeration of this microorganism, the main aim of this work was to investigate the ability of fluorocult-supplemented TSC-agar (Merck) for recovering Cl. perfringens from public springs used for direct human consumption. Cl. perfringens recovery was also performed on mCP agar (Cultimed) according to Directive 98/83 as well as on TSC-Agar (Merck), TSN-Agar (Merck) and SPS-Agar (BBL) media. Variance analysis of data obtained showed no statistically significant differences in the counts obtained among all media employed in this work. However, the Cl. perfringens recovery efficiencies with TSC and fluorogenic TSC agars were significantly greater (P = < 0.05) than the corresponding values of mCP and TSN media. On the other hand, the identification of typical and atypical colonies isolated from all media demonstrated that fluorogenic TSC agar was the most specific medium for Cl. perfringens recovery in groundwater samples (85.3% of typical colonies and 82.8% of atypical colonies confirmed). In summary, the membrane filtration technique with fluorogenic TSC agar showed the best performance characteristics of all the media tested as judged by their recovery efficiency and specificity in these water samples.

Agar↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of Coli-ID and MUG Plus media for recovering Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria from groundwater samples.

Several chromogenic media for detecting coliform bacteria in water are commercially available including Coli ID medium (ID) (bioMérieux) and MUG Plus cefsulodin agar (MP) (Laboratorios Microkit, S.L.). Since little is known about the performance of these media, we have evaluated their usefulness for recovering Escherichia coli and other coliform organisms in groundwaters used for direct human consumption. Variance analysis of obtained data showed that no statistically significant differences in counts of E. coli and other coliforms on ID and MP media compared with reference methods. However, the evaluation of sensitivity and recovery efficiency of both media showed that the two chromogenic media were more sensitive and significantly more efficient (P = < 0.05) than reference medium for detecting coliforms in groundwater. However, the identification of 400 typical and atypical colonies isolated from ID and MP media demonstrated a higher specificity when using ID for coliforms and E. coli. In summary, the two chromogenic media evaluated could be used as alternative methods to reference media for detecting and recovering coliform bacteria in groundwater samples. MP agar was more sensitive and efficient than ID agar whereas the latter was more specific and selective.

Agar↗
PubMed2001

Increased incidence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene messenger RNA expression in hormone-refractory human prostate cancers.

There are few options for treating hormone-refractory prostate cancer (PC). Various studies indicate that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists may have a direct inhibitory effect on prostate tumors mediated by specific LHRH receptors. One study evaluated LHRH receptors in hormone-dependent PC tissue, but no data have thus far been obtained on the presence of LHRH receptors in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and especially hormone-refractory PC in patients. Thus, it is not yet clear whether LHRH receptors indicate tumor-related differentiation or even hormone-refractory dedifferentiation or are likewise associated with BPH. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of LHRH receptor mRNA expression in BPH and in primary, potentially androgen-dependent and in hormone-refractory PC with clinical progression. Multiplex reverse transcription-PCR was used to simultaneously detect the expression of mRNA for LHRH receptors and beta-actin in 48 patients with BPH, 14 with a primary, possibly hormone-dependent, prostate carcinoma (PPC), and 18 with a hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma (HRPC). Sixteen of 18 samples with HRPC showed intact RNA and expressed mRNA for LHRH receptors (100%). However, the RNA-intact PPC and BPH showed significantly lower expression of mRNA for LHRH receptors (46.2 and 55.3%, respectively; variance analysis: P = 0.0017). The significantly higher expression of mRNA for LHRH receptors in HRPC indicates that therapeutic concepts should be developed that target this site of action. In addition to possible direct effects of LHRH agonists or antagonists demonstrated previously in vitro, it seems useful to apply targeted cytotoxic LHRH analogues or monoclonal antibodies.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Failure to partial synchronization with hydroxyurea to improve results of chemotherapy of solid neurosarcoma in the rat (author's transl)].

Partial synchronization of the slow-growing cell of solid neurosarcoma in the rat can be achieved by blocking DNA synthesis with hydroxyurea. Possible augmentation after synchronization of the therapeutic effects achieved with various cytostatics was tested. The substances were administered to tumour-bearing rats at various times after synchronization (at the transition from G1 to S phase; at maximal DNA synthesis; at the transition from the S to the G2 phases; at mitosis) and therapeutic effects on tumour gs. Cyclophosphamide and adriamycin reduced tumour size, the effect being dose-dependent. No differences were noted between synchronized and non-synchronized cells. Hydroxyurea and vincristine had significantly less effect on the tumour cells, this minimal effect not being enhanced by synchronization. The reported results were obtained in tests on 360 rats and are statistically significant (double variance analysis).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of the HIV/AIDS Q-sort instrument to measure physician attitudes.

BACKGROUND: Providers'attitudes about HIV/AIDS are an important dimension in the delivery of quality care to persons with HIV/AIDS. It is believed that education can alter attitudes, but there is a needfor a user-friendly instrument to measure the effect that HIV/AIDS educational programs have on attitudes. METHODS: A pool of HIV/AIDS attitude descriptors was collected through literature review and from individuals working in the HIV/AIDS field. Out of this pool of 90 descriptors, 48 descriptors with the highest face validity were selected through expert consensus ranking to create a preliminary survey instrument. Twenty-six physicians completed a pilot Q-Sort instrument with 48 descriptors. A variance analysis was conducted, and the top 28 descriptors with the most variability were selected for the final Q-Sort instrument, which was then completed by 191 physicians. A factor analysis was conducted to identify a small number of factors that explained the 28 descriptors. A subsample of 22 physicians repeated the test to establish test-retest reliability. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed three factors: (1) emotionality, (2) ability, and (3) reluctance. The Q-Sort instrument demonstrated good test-retest reliability, with reliability for the three factors of .82, .80, and .88, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This Q-sort instrument is a reliable method for measuring physician attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients. Further studies can test its use for evaluating the effect of educational programs on changing provider attitudes.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical fitness in different groups of industrial workers.

Maximum oxygen consumption was determined by the indirect method (with submaximal effort) in 155 forestry workers, 120 miners, 240 tool manufacturers (turners, planers etc.), 75 control-board operators. Differences were found according both to age and occupation. Variance analysis showed that age had a greater impact (F = 68) than occupation (F = 20). The highest values were recorded in foresters (57 -- 39 ml/kg/min depending on age). In miners the average values were 49 -- 35 ml/kg/min, while toolmakers and pannel operators showed maximum oxygen consumption of 45 -- 32 ml/kg/min, VO2 being nearly the same in both groups of occupation for the respective groups of age. Values of 50 ml/kg/min or above were found in 88% of 20 -- 29 year -old foresters and in 54% of the miners, while in toolmakers and in pannel operators such vales of VO2 were found only in 37% and 27% respectively, of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Pharmacokinetics of anastrozole in Chinese male volunteers.

AIM: To compare pharmacokinetics of domestic and imported tablets of anastrozole. METHODS: Twenty male Chinese volunteers were enrolled in a randomized crossover study with a single oral dose of 1 mg of the two formulations respectively. The anastrozole in plasma was measured by gas chromatography with electron-captured detector. Area under the drug concentration-time curve was evaluated by variance analysis and two one-side t-test. RESULTS: A two-compartment model was adopted in anastrozole plasma concentration-time data analysis. The paramaters such as Cmax, Tmax, T1/2beta, and AUC(0-infinity) were (10 +/- 3) and (10.2 +/- 2.5) microg/L, (1.2 +/- 0.5) and (1.3 +/- 0.4) h, (42 +/- 14) and (41 +/- 26) h, (443 +/- 141) and (429 +/- 121) microg . h . L-1, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the two formulations. CONCLUSION: Domestic and imported anastrozole were of bioequivalence. The relative bioavailability of the domestic tablet was 100 % +/- 9 %.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Response of Capsicum frutescens metapopulation to simulated insect herbivorous behaviors].

Based on the theory of metapopulation, this paper studied the response of different leaf-cutting Capsicum frutescens metapopulation to simulated short-term insect pestes during high temperature period in July. Variance analysis (ANOVA), principal component analysis(PCA) and plant growth analysis were applied. The result shows that C. frutescens had a strong compensatory ability. The number, dry weight and leaf area of old leaves decreased with increasing leaf-cutting, but contrarily for new leaves. The total leaf number did not show any significant difference, but the total area and weight of leaves were significantly different, because of the influence of old leaves. The number, weight and lenght of branches were not significantly different with different treatments, and the number of fruits, flowers and flower buds also showed no significant difference. However, the difference of their dry weights was significant. It is practical to use number indexes, but not dry weight, leaf area and length for plant growth analysis in metapopulation, when the difference of dry weight between modulars is small. It is suggested that a certain degree of herbivory might be beneficial to the growth and fruit yield of C. frutescens during the high temperature period.

Capsicum↗
PubMed2000

[Change of plasma cellular fibronectin values in hypertension disorders of pregnancy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate change of plasma values of cellular fibronectin (cFN) in pregnant women with hypertension diseases. METHODS: One hundred and twelve pregnant women were assigned into five groups according to definition of hypertension diseases in pregnancy published by the National Working Group on Hypertension. The values of plasma cFN were measured with enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical tests were performed with Variance Analysis (Scheff's post-hoc). RESULTS: Plasma cFN values in women of preeclamptic group (12.25 +/- 4.00) mg/L and superimposed preeclamptic group (11.33 +/- 3.74) mg/L were both significantly higher than those of normal group (5.06 +/- 1.33) mg/L (P < 0.01). However, cFN values were not statistically different between women of chronic hypertension or transient hypertension and of normal women (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The clinical detection of plasma cFN values appears to be useful in differentiating various hypertension diseases of pregnancy and in selection of relevant treatment regimen.

Female↗