Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “AGGLUTINATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A sensitive kinetic latex agglutination immunoassay adapted to centrifugal analysis.

Latex reagents for HCG obtained from commercially available pregnancy test kits were adapted for use on Instrumentation Laboratory's Multistat III Plus centrifugal analyzer. The clearance rate of an agglutinating reaction mixture can be measured by absorbance over a time period of 15 min. The automated system has a sensitivity of less than 5 mIU HCG/ml in buffer or urine with a range of up to 100 mIU HCG/ml. Statistical analyses on urine samples indicated CVs of between 7.6% and 10.7% for within-run precision and between 6.8% and 10.8% for between-run precision. The correlation between the centrifugal latex agglutination method and two commercially available RIAs was found to be about 87%.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

An improved latex agglutination-inhibition test for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in urine.

A commercially available slide latex agglutination-inhibition test for pregnancy was used in a tube modification for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine. The tube method used 100 microliters sample and small quantities of reagents which were mixed continuously for 30 min. The results obtained, based on flocculation, were 15-30-fold better than those obtained by slide agglutination using spiked samples or urine samples from pregnant women. The lowest concentration of hCG detected in the spiked samples was 31 IU/l. When 43 clinical specimens were examined, the tube method detected four more samples than the 18 detected by the slide method. A good correlation (r = 0.96) was observed between the two methods in the determination of the hCG content in the positive samples.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1989

Latex agglutination assay for human anti-Brucella IgM antibodies.

We report here the development of a homogeneous, easy, precise and rapid anti-Brucella IgM antibody (Ab) latex agglutination assay based on particle counting. The interference of IgG Ab was eliminated by the addition of anti-gamma Fc and free Bru-LPS. Anti-mu Fc mAb enhanced the agglutinating activity of IgM antibodies and improved the sensitivity of the test. The possible interference of rheumatoid factor was eliminated by adding human aggregated IgG. The assay is complete in 45 min, with an interassay variation of 9%. The assay correlates well (r = 0.94) with the accurate but time consuming capture ELISA.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

Development of a latex agglutination inhibition reaction test for amphetamines in urine.

A simple and rapid immunoassay of amphetamines based on latex agglutination inhibition reaction has been developed. N-(3-aminopropyl) amphetamine, a novel amphetamine derivative, and its BSA conjugate were synthesized and characterized. The hapten density in the conjugate was determined spectroscopically to be 62.52 mol/mol of BSA. Two other immunogens, amphetamine-BSA and amphetamino succinamide-BSA, were also synthesized and studied. It was found that N-(3-aminopropyl) amphetamine-BSA exhibits favorable features in terms of immunogenicity and immunochemical specificity when compared to the other two amphetamine immunogens. A latex agglutination inhibition reaction test (LAIRT) using DEAE-cellulose purified rabbit IgG against N-(3-aminopropyl) amphetamine-BSA was found to give a sensitivity of 0.6 microgram/ml and 4.0 microgram/ml of amphetamine and metamphetamine, respectively. Various commonly used drugs and narcotics at concentrations 0.8 mg/ml or less, did not interfere with the test. Interference by normal urine was observed but it could be eliminated by the inclusion of 0.78% normal rabbit serum. The sensitized latex was stable at 4 degrees C for at least 6 months. It was also stable to lyophilization and to at least four cycles of freezing and thawing. The total test time was 35 min. Comparison was made between the LAIRT and EMIT-d.a.u. on 56 urine samples collected from truck drivers. While the EMIT showed 47 positives and nine negatives, the LAIRT gave 38 positives and 18 negatives. The two tests showed no statistical significant difference (P < 0.05).

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1994

Increased sensitivity of diagnostic latex agglutination tests in an ultrasonic standing wave field.

A technique is described which increases the sensitivity of latex agglutination tests for soluble and particulate antigens. The levels of detection of tests for C-reactive protein and E. coli O157 respectively have been improved by x256 and x1024 compared with the standard test procedure of sample rotation on a test-card. This new method combines dilution of the test latex particles, a 2 min sample treatment in the ultrasonic standing wave field of a tubular piezo-electric transducer and subsequent examination by video-microscopy. Ultrasonic treatment is required to achieve increased localised concentrations of the latex particles in the standing wave field, and dilution of the latex is a critical requirement to allow agglutination to occur at low antigen concentrations.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

Does alcohol-induced blood cell agglutination cause brain damage?

After 3 weeks of alcohol intoxication, the brains of rats were searched with light- and electron microscopy for degenerating nervous tissue and agglutination of erythrocytes in the blood vessels. There was no sign of degeneration of nerve cells or synapses in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, midbrain or hindbrain. No histological sections showed blood vessels with erythrocytes inside them. It is concluded that the agglutination of red blood cells seen in the conjunctivae of intoxicated human alcoholics is not necessarily an indication that vascular congestion is also occurring in the brain of such patients, nor that this is the primary mechanism of alcohol-related brain damage.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1988

Release of cytotoxic and agglutinating molecules by Mytilus hemocytes.

Hemolymph of Mytilus edulis is known to contain cytotoxic hemocytes and a serum agglutinin. This study describes the occurrence of strong hemolytic properties as well as agglutinating activity of a hemocyte extract against different types of erythrocytes. The hemolysin purified by preparative disc-electrophoresis and subjected to PAGE reveals one band which is also visible in the electropherogram of the extract or serum, respectively. Likewise, the serum agglutinin corresponds to another distinct fraction of extract and serum. Both, hemolytic and agglutinating molecules are detectable in the supernatant of a short-term hemocyte culture indicating that these substances are actively secreted by Mytilus blood cells.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of an autologous red cell agglutination test, VetRED FIV, for the presence of FIV antibody in cats.

A commercially available whole blood agglutination test, VetRED FIV, used for the detection of antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), was evaluated. The test is based on the use of a synthetic peptide conjugated to a non-agglutinating anti-feline red blood cell monoclonal antibody. The amino acid sequence of the synthetic peptide was derived from the predicted sequence of the transmembrane protein of FIV. The sensitivity and specificity of VetRED FIV was 100% when 34 known FIV-positive and 15 known FIV-negative cats were tested. These cats were part of studies on experimentally induced FIV infection, with their FIV status confirmed by virus isolation. Further, VetRED FIV was compared with another commercially available test for FIV antibody, PetChek in a field trial on 548 feline blood samples received by a diagnostic laboratory. Of the test results 94.2% (516/548) were in agreement: 112 were positive by VetRED FIV and PetChek; 404 were negative by both tests and 32 were discordant. These 5.8% discordant samples producing VetRED FIV-positive/PetChek-negative or VetRED FIV-negative/PetChek-positive were further assessed by Western blot assay. In the field trial, the sensitivity and specificity of VetRED FIV was 97% and 97%, respectively, comparable to the 98% sensitivity and 99% specificity for PetChek. The results from the trial also confirm the relatively high overall prevalence of FIV in Australian cats predominantly among mature male cats in the 9-12 year age group. Given the simplicity of the VetRED FIV procedure, it is concluded that VetRED FIV is a useful addition to the available commercial tests for FIV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Autologous red cell agglutination test for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus.

The T-lymphotropic lentivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is now recognised as a major viral pathogen affecting domestic cat populations worldwide. A rapid, autologous red cell agglutination test for antibodies to FIV has been developed. A synthetic peptide analog corresponding to the immunodominant epitope within the FIV transmembrane glycoprotein gp40 residues (680-715) KVEAMEKFLYTAFAMQELGC (Acm)NQNQFFK(BrAc)KIPLELWTR was conjugated to an anti-feline erythrocyte antibody using a thio-ether linkage. Within 3 min of adding this reagent to 20 microliters of whole blood, circulating antibody to the peptide epitope caused agglutination of the red blood cells. The performance of this simple test is comparable with the two commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits and an EIA based on this peptide. A variant of the gp40 (680-715) peptide corresponding to the FIV, PPR strain gp40 (678-716) sequence was also synthesised and no difference in reactivity was observed in an EIA on 211 seropositive samples, indicating that the peptide-based test may be applicable to other known strains of the virus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Receptor binding-like specificity of two anti-cholera toxin monoclonal antibodies detected by latex agglutination immunoassay.

Six mouse monoclonal IgG antibodies (mAbs) reacting with the cholera toxin B-subunit (CT-B) were obtained from the spleen cells of mice immunized with CT. They were divided into two groups according to their different reactivities with CT in latex (Lx) agglutination. One group of two mAbs was called "non-repetitive" (NR) because they apparently recognized a single epitope on CT, which was unable to agglutinate Lx coated with these NRmAbs, in contrast with the other group of four mAbs that we called "repetitive" (RmAbs). The two NRmAbs, but not the four RmAbs, failed to react with CT when CT was bound first to its GM1-receptor. Thus, the NRmAbs seemed directed at an epitope close to the GM1-binding site of CT-B. These NRmAbs could represent valuable immunogenic candidates for anti-idiotypic immunization against CT and related enterotoxins.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Routine detection of human rotavirus by latex agglutination: comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

A commercially available latex agglutination test, RotaScreen (Mercia Diagnostics Ltd., West Byfleet, Surrey, U.K.) was evaluated for the detection of human rotaviruses in stool specimens. The results obtained were compared with those from 3 other routine assay systems used in this laboratory: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), electron microscopy (EM) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of viral ribonucleic acid. 400 stool samples were examined by the 4 assay systems under routine conditions. RotaScreen latex agglutination was found to be more sensitive than EM and PAGE, and highly specific for rotavirus antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A survey of the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in goats in New Zealand and a comparison of the latex agglutination and indirect fluorescence tests.

Anti-Toxoplasma antibody titres in 185 sera from clinically normal goats from 14 farms were assayed by both the latex agglutination and the indirect fluorescent antibody tests. The animals were of various breeds including Angora, New Zealand feral, Angora x feral, Saanen and Toggenburg. A high level of agreement between the two tests was obtained with 83.8% of titres corresponding to within one dilution and 96.8% to within two dilutions. In both tests, titres of 1:64 and above were considered positive. A total of 298 goat sera from clinically normal kids (n = 88), yearlings (n = 65) and adults (n = 145) from 17 farms were examined by the latex agglutination test. The prevalence of positive sera was 7% in kids, 23% in yearlings and 37% in adults. There was a significantly higher prevalence of positive sera in dairy than in fibre breeds.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Conversion of egg-white lysozyme to a lectin-like protein with agglutinating activity analogous to wheat germ agglutinin.

Oligomers made of Asp-52-esterified lysozyme or native one showed agglutination for human, mouse, rat and chicken erythrocytes, and also for Hep G2 cells (liver carcinoma-derived cell line) [1] not weaker than wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Oligomers of Asp-52-esterified lysozyme have about 4-fold stronger agglutinating activity than those of the native one. These results indicate that some enzymes can be converted to lectin-like proteins (neolectin) with binding characteristics similar to their substrate specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Failure of in vivo and in vitro resialosylation of VCN-desialylated erythrocytes in mammalian and non-mammalian species: evidence from agglutination studies with peanut-agglutinin.

1. In distinction to mammalian erythrocytes, splitting of sialic acids of non-mammalian erythrocytes (chicken and newt) by Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) does not lead to a dramatic decrease in their viability. 2. One of the possibilities to explain this discrepancy is the ability of chicken and newt desialosylated erythrocytes to repair the enzymatic injury. 3. To test this hypothesis we used the property of peanut agglutinin (PNA) to agglutinate desialosylated erythrocytes. 4. Desialosylated erythrocytes of all the species tested remain PNA-agglutinable throughout their whole life time in the blood stream. The absence of effect of VCN on chicken and newt erythrocytes is therefore not due to their resialosylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Detection of antigenic fractions from Brucella abortus S45/20 which bind to non-agglutinating antibodies using electroblotting and enzyme-linked antibody probes.

Outer membrane antigens which bind to non-agglutinating antibodies (NAAb) elicited by smooth (S19) and rough (S45/20) Brucella abortus strains, were extracted from S45/20 by stirring in cold 2.5% NaCl and then analyzed by SDS-PAGE, electroblotting and enzyme-linked antibody test. Eight bands were observed in the gel stained with Coomassie blue. Seven antigenic fractions were transferred to nitrocellulose by blotting. A 27-kd band was recognized by bovine anti-S45/20 non-agglutinating serum and not by purified NAAb against surface antigens. Bands 10 kd and 14.3 kd bound to bovine anti-S45/20 NAAb from calves immunized with either S19 or S45/20. A 12.0-kd band was recognized by the serum and NAAb from calves immunized with S45/20 but not by those injected with S19. There are thus antigenic fractions shared by S19 and S45/20 which bind in vitro to NAAb.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex agglutination inhibition reaction test for cocaine and benzoylecgonine in urine.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a latex agglutination inhibition reaction test (LAIRT) for cocaine and benzoylecgonine have been established. In ELISA with polystyrene microtiter wells coated with anti-benzoylecgonine antibody and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-labeled benzoylecgonine, the activity of antibody-bound ALP was measured with the enzyme cycling method. The range of benzoylecgonine measurable by ELISA was 12 pg-25 ng/well; the analysis time for 96 wells was 90 min. In LAIRT, the agglutination reaction with anti-benzoylecgonine antibody-coated latex and benzoylecgonine-rabbit serum albumin (RSA) conjugate-coated latex was inhibited by 0.1 mu g benzoylecgonine/ml urine; the analysis time for six samples on one glass slide was 20 min. The urine samples of 47 abusers were analyzed by ELISA and LAIRT. From the comparison with results of the enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), it was clarified that both ELISA and LAIRT were suitable for the screening method of urine samples.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microscopic examination of stools and a latex slide agglutination test for the rapid identification of bacterial enteric infections in Khmer children.

Eighty-five stools collected from 50 children with diarrhea at an evacuation site on the Thai-Kampuchean border were (1) examined microscopically for fecal leukocytes, (2) tested after 24 hr enrichment in brain/heart infusion broth by a latex slide agglutination test for detection of Salmonella and Shigella, and (3) examined with microbiological techniques to identify bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens. If the 65 specimens in which one or no pathogens are considered, 6 or more fecal leukocytes/hpf were found on microscopic examination of stools in both children infected with Shigella spp., the one child infected with Salmonella spp., and three of eight children infected with Campylobacter spp. Less than or equal to 5 leukocytes/hpf were found in 70% (7/10) of children infected with rotavirus, 100% (2/2) infected with Cryptosporidium, 100% (2/2) infected with Giardia, 89% (8/9) infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and 77% (24/31) with diarrhea in whom no etiologic agent was identified. The Salmonella slide latex test had a sensitivity of 50%, a specificity of 92%, and a positive predictive value of 12%. The Shigella slide latex test had a sensitivity of 0%, a specificity of 95%, and a positive predictive value of 0%. Forty-five percent of the latex slide agglutination tests from enrichment cultures were nonspecific. Microscopic examination of diarrheal stools for fecal leukocytes, though nonspecific, appears to be the best way to differentiate Shigella spp. from rotavirus and parasitic infections. Examining stools for fecal leukocytes was less helpful in differentiating Shigella from other bacterial infections.

Cambodia↗