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PubMed2005

Automatic analysis of multimodal group actions in meetings.

This paper investigates the recognition of group actions in meetings. A framework is employed in which group actions result from the interactions of the individual participants. The group actions are modeled using different HMM-based approaches, where the observations are provided by a set of audiovisual features monitoring the actions of individuals. Experiments demonstrate the importance of taking interactions into account in modeling the group actions. It is also shown that the visual modality contains useful information, even for predominantly audio-based events, motivating a multimodal approach to meeting analysis.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Ventilatory control (Ventrol) simulation for education.

An educational microcomputer-based simulation of respiratory control has been developed. The program contains three major sections: tutorial, stimulation, and unknown testing. The tutorial section provides a brief discussion of the major factors involved in respiratory control. The simulation section provides a menu of variables to demonstrate the effects of altering inspired gases, changing compliance or airway resistance, metabolic acidosis, neural activity, and lesions (including vagotomy) or exercise. The last section of the program allows students to test their understanding of abnormal respiratory and blood gas values. The program has been used as a problem-solving exercise in a medical physiology course. Student groups were assigned to a microcomputer and given a specific problem during a regularly scheduled laboratory period. The students collected data using the program, analyzed and graphed or tabulated the results, and presented their findings in a minisymposium format to their fellow students. This approach has proven valuable and provides a number of pedagogical benefits that are lacking in a lecture-based basic science curriculum.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1986

Computerized information resources in toxicology and industrial health--a review.

The explosion in scientific information presents problems for toxicologists and industrial health specialists who need to respond rapidly and comprehensively to the information needs of the public, government and industry. The application of information technology enables large volumes of toxicology and industrial health information to be stored and retrieved through a variety of data-base resources. Three different categories of databases are described: dictionary, bibliographic and informational types. Examples of specific toxicology and industrial health databases within each category are given; their origin, style and content are reviewed. Specialists in the industrial health field are encouraged to improve their knowledge and literacy in the new disciplines of information technology and information science.

Computers↗
PubMed2005

A case study of a retracted systematic review on interactive health communication applications: impact on media, scientists, and patients.

BACKGROUND: In October 2004, a flawed systematic review entitled "Interactive Health Communication Applications for People with Chronic Disease" was published in the Cochrane Library, accompanied by several press releases in which authors warned the public of the negative health consequences of interactive health communication applications, including the Internet. Within days of the review's publication, scientists identified major coding errors and other methodological problems that invalidated the principal conclusions of the study and led to a retraction. While the original study results and their negative conclusions were widely publicized in the media, the retraction seemed to go unnoticed. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to document an unprecedented case of misinformation from a Cochrane review and its impact on media, scientists, and patients. As well, it aims to identify the generic factors leading to the incident and suggest remedies. METHODS: This was a qualitative study of the events leading to the retraction of the publication and of the reactions from media, scientists, and patients. This includes a review and content analysis of academic and mass media articles responding to the publication and retraction. Mass media articles were retrieved in May 2005 from LexisNexis Academic and Google and were classified and tallied. The extended case method is employed, and the analysis is also applied to comparable publishing events. RESULTS: A search on LexisNexis Academic database with the query "Elizabeth Murray AND health" for the period of June 2004 to May 2005 revealed a total of 15 press reports, of which only 1 addressed the retraction. Google was searched for references to the review, and the first 200 retrieved hits were analyzed. Of these, 170 pages were not related to the review. Of the remaining 30 pages, 23 (77%) were reports about the original publication that did not mention the retraction, 1 (3%) was a bibliography not mentioning the retraction, and 6 (20%) addressed the retraction, of which only 1 was a non-Cochrane-related source. CONCLUSIONS: Analyzed retrievals showed that the mass media gave more coverage to the Cochrane review than to the retraction or to a related systematic review with a similar scope but a different conclusion. Questionable results were prematurely disseminated, oversimplified, and sensationalized, while the retraction was hardly noticed by the public. Open commentary by scientists and patients helped to rapidly identify the errors but did not prevent or correct the dissemination of misinformation.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for low birth weight in Sana'a City, Yemen.

BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW) represents the third leading cause of death in children in Yemen, and is the most significant predictor of death, health, growth and development. The aim of this study was to estimate the birth weight distribution and prevalence of low birth weights in Sana'a City of Yemen, and to determine some of the contributing risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to study women who delivered in the four main hospitals in Sana'a City during the study period. Respondents were 2256 mothers ranging in age from 14-45 years, with a mean age of 29.55 years. The mean age at the time of marriage was 22.38 years. Anthropometric measurements and interviews were used to determine the risk factors. The birth weights and anthropometric measurements of all babies born alive to mothers interviewed in the four hospitals during the period were collected. Post-delivery weight and other measurements of respondents were also collected. The data collected were entered into a computer using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). RESULTS: The mean birth weight of the newborns in the study was 2812 g. Twenty-two percent of the newborns weighed between 700 and 2499 g. About 39% of respondents had urinary tract infection while 29% suffered from anemia, and 10% had bleeding during pregnancy. All anthropometric measurements were significantly associated with LBW. CONCLUSION: Mothers who were younger in age at their first delivery, had low post-delivery weight, and bled during pregnancy, were more likely to have LBW babies. There is a need for national prospective research project to study the low birth weight problem at the national level. There is also a need to discourage teenage pregnancies and to encourage utilization of mother and child health services, and treat concomitant illnesses during pregnancy.

Journal Article↗