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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Development of pituitary adenoma in women with hyperprolactinaemia: clinical, endocrine, and radiological characteristics.

Sixty eight women referred for treatment of hyperprolactinaemia entered a three year follow up study to determine the clinical and endocrine course of the disease and its association with microadenoma of the pituitary. Details recorded before treatment included medical history, gonadotrophin and ovarian hormonal concentrations, and release of prolactin in response to protirelin (thyrotrophin releasing hormone), benserazide, cimetidine, and nomifensine. Sellar tomography was then performed yearly for three years in all women, 54 of them also undergoing computed coronal and sagittal tomography. At baseline evaluation 27 women showed radiological evidence of pituitary adenoma; at the end of the follow up period the number had increased to 41. Amenorrhoea, steady and raised serum prolactin concentrations, a low ratio of luteinising hormone to follicle stimulating hormone, a longer duration of disease, and low serum progesterone concentrations were more common in women with a final diagnosis of pituitary adenoma than in those whose sella remained normal. Tests for release of prolactin had yielded abnormal results from the outset in all 41 women with radiological evidence of pituitary adenoma and in about half of those whose sella had remained radiologically normal. Response to medical treatment (metergoline in 20 patients, bromocriptine in 21) was similar and showed no difference between patients with tumorous and non-tumorous hyperprolactinaemia. These findings suggest that a large proportion of women with hyperprolactinaemia may harbour a prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma which becomes apparent over a relatively short period. Amenorrhoea and steady and raised serum prolactin concentrations are more common in these women. Tests for release of prolactin are of predictive value in identifying women who will develop a pituitary adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Association of melasma with thyroid autoimmunity and other thyroidal abnormalities and their relationship to the origin of the melasma.

Melasma is localized hyperpigmentation over the forehead, upper lips, cheeks, and chin. In this study, evidence suggesting an association between autoimmune thyroid disorders and melasma and the relationship of thyroid disorders to the origin of melasma is presented. A total of 108 nonpregnant women, aged 20-56 yr, were divided into 2 groups for the purpose of this study: 1) melasma, 84 patients; 2) control group, 24 patients from the Dermatology Clinic matched for age and sex. Microsomal thyroid autoantibodies (MCHA) were sought in all subjects. TRH-TSH tests were performed in patients with melasma and in those women with goiter and/or positive MCHA tests from the control group. Studies were completed with serum T4, T3, and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGHA) measurements in all patients with thyroid abnormalities. In patients with melasma, the frequency of thyroid disorders (58.3%) was 4 times greater than in the control group. The MCHA-negative patients had 1) simple goiter (13.1%), 2) Plummer's disease (2.4%), and 3) TSH hyperresponse to TRH in nongoitrous patients (10.7%). Patients with positive MCHA tests (32.1%) were divided into 2 subgroups. One comprised those women with an apparently normal thyroid gland and thyroid function (n = 7), while the other included all patients with goiter and/or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20). Regarding the origin of the melasma, it was found that 70% of women who developed melasma during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives had thyroid abnormalities compared to 39.4% of patients with idiopathic melasma. Subjects from the control group had a 12.5% incidence of thyroid abnormalities, and only 8.3% had positive MCHA. Estrogen, progesterone, or both could be the triggering factor in the development of melasma in women who have a particular predisposition toward both melasma and thyroid autoimmunity. Patients with idiopathic melasma had a lower frequency of thyroid abnormalities, suggesting that there may be different genetic patterns linked to autoimmune thyroid disease. We conclude that there is a true association between thyroid autoimmunity and melasma, mostly in women whose melasma develops during pregnancy or after ingestion of oral contraceptive drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Gender role across development in adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

This study evaluated the degree of femininity and masculinity at different developmental stages in a group of adult women, some of whom were exposed to elevated prenatal adrenal androgens as a result of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21 hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency. Women who had presented to the Johns Hopkins Hospital Pediatric Endocrine Clinic for treatment of CAH due to 21-OH deficiency were included. The control group consisted of sisters of CAH participants and women referred for evaluation of polycystic ovary syndrome. Study participants were given a questionnaire asking them to indicate their degree of masculinity and femininity during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. In addition, participants were asked questions related to their play behavior during childhood, including playmate preferences, toy preferences, and admiration of male or female characters during fantasy play. Across participant groups, self-reported femininity decreased in a dose response manner, according to prenatal androgen exposure. For all groups, femininity increased through developmental stages. Women with salt-losing CAH remained less feminine than controls into adulthood. Conversely, self-reported masculinity increased in a dose-response manner, according to prenatal androgen exposure, across participant groups. Women with CAH showed a decrease in masculinity across developmental stages, such that by adulthood, there were no significant differences in masculinity between controls and the women with CAH. Women with salt-losing CAH were more likely to recall preferences for boy playmates, male-typical toys, and admiration for male characters during childhood than other study participants. Our data support the effect of both prenatal androgen exposure and socialization on gender role behavior in adult women with CAH due to 21-OH deficiency.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1975

The use of antibodies developed by infertile women to identify relevant antigens.

In the first half of this century several studies demonstrated that temporary infertility may be induced by immunizing women with semen. Isolated examples of acute hypersensitivity reactions to sexual intercourse provide dramatic evidence that natural isoimmunization to semen occurs in man. The afferent immunological pathway in this process can be influenced by adjuvant effects of genital tract infection. This may be important in assessing the significance of antisperm antibodies in infertile women. In immunological studies of female infertility, the 3 most commonly used tests for humoral antisperm activity are microagglutination, macroagglutination and immobilization (complement dependent cytotoxicity). The sperm microagglutination test detects both antibody and non-antibody activity. The macroagglutination and immobilization tests both detect antibodies but to date the latter has provided the more meaningful results in infertile women. A prospective study of reproductive patterns in infertility patients indicated a lower subsequent fertility rate and a markedly higher abortion rate in women with antisperm antibodies compared to those without them. However, the association of antisperm antibodies with continuing infertility only reached a statistically significant level in women with a past history of unexplained infertility of at least 3 years' duration. Occlusion (condom) therapy in patients with antisperm antibodies has proved unsuccessful when compared with the natural reproductive patterns in untreated patients. Immunofluorescence studies are described and correlated with results of other tests for antisperm antibodies in serum and cerivcal mucus. The results of these and of other studies of naturally occurring antibodies in infertile women have identified antigens of actual or potential relevance to infertility and fertility control. These include (i) intrinsic spermatozoal antigens, (ii) seminal plasma antigens, (iii) blood group antigens, (iv) histocompatibility antigens and (v) nucleoprotein antigens.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Impact of housing conditions of pregnant women on infant development under total mother deprivation].

It had been examined 896 inmates of Infant Homes whose mothers resided during pregnancy in different housing conditions. Comparative analysis revealed discrepancies in many medical social indicators. It was found that mothers' habitation lacking was the most pathogenic factor impacting children development. Typically, this factor is associated with lower education, lack of labour employment, toxicomania and socially significant infections. It wes revealed that children of homeless mothers had higher rate of antenatal and postnatal development delay, alcoholic and drug lesion of nervous system. The utterly low possibility of returning to their biological family had been also established

Child Development↗