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PubMedDate not supplied

["Tooth mortality" in a Marseille S.C.T.D. The effect of periodontal disease: comparison with some results of a national epidemiological study].

1,247 avulsions have been noted for a year in the S.C.T.D. (tooth, age and sex of the patient). 44.6% were caused by tooth decay. However periodontal disease was responsible for 39.5% of tooth avulsions. The tooth lost because of periodontal disease were in most part extracted after 40 years. A weakness of some type of teeth regarding tooth mortality may be quoted. A sexual dimorphism of tooth mortality was present in the studied population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Dental injuries: "first aid" knowledge of Southampton teachers of physical education.

A total of 66 teachers of physical education within the Southampton telephone area responded to a postal questionnaire related to their knowledge of the first aid treatment of dental injuries. In a case study investigating tooth fracture, 64% gave an appropriate answer. In a second case study relating to avulsion (loss) of a permanent tooth, 43% gave an appropriate answer. There was an unclear relationship between the point in their careers at which teachers had received first aid training and the accuracy of their responses. There is a need for further information in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effect of catalase supplementation in storage media for avulsed teeth.

The type of liquid medium used to store avulsed teeth prior to replantation has been shown to affect the long-term prognosis. One possibility is that some storage media contain hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that may be toxic to periodontal ligament cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the addition of catalase to storage media improved the prognosis of replanted dog teeth. Forty-eight mongrel premolar roots were endodontically treated, extracted, randomly divided and placed into one of four storage media: Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), containing no antioxidant); Viaspan, containing the antioxidant, glutathione, or the same two media supplemented with catalase(100 U ml(-1)) for 1, 5, or 26 h prior to replantation. After 2 months, the dogs were euthanized and the roots histologically examined to evaluate the attachment tissues. Regardless of the storage medium used, overall healing was excellent and only 4% of the roots displayed inflammatory or replacement resorption. When roots from the different storage media were compared, those stored in HBSS were found to display the highest incidence of surface resorption (55.7%). Supplementation of HBSS with catalase resulted in a lower level of surface resorption (48.6%) that was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Roots stored in Viaspan - or + catalase displayed even lower levels of surface resorption (41.3 and 38.2%, respectively). The improvement observed with catalase-supplemented HBSS was confined to the 45-min incubation period; only Viaspan - or + catalase reduced surface resorption at the 5- and 26-h incubations. Collectively, these data demonstrate that roots stored in media containing antioxidant activity undergo less surface resorption. These results suggest that low levels of H2O2 in storage media for avulsed teeth may adversely affect periodontal ligament cells.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

AANA journal course: update for nurse anesthetists--treatment of avulsed teeth in the operating room.

Teeth that are avulsed in the operating room either during intubation, extubation, or other orally related procedures must be treated immediately in order to provide the best opportunity for success following replantation. New treatment methods have been developed that can significantly increase the success of replanted avulsed teeth. These methods utilize special pH balanced reconstituting fluids, cushioning devices, topical fluorides, and antibiotics that permit the storage of avulsed teeth for up to 96 hours with good success following replantation. This Journal course reviews the biologic background for these procedures and makes specific treatment recommendations.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed2005

Odontoma-like malformation in a permanent maxillary central incisor subsequent to trauma to the incisor predecessor.

This report describes a case of a patient (1 year and 8 months old) with traumatic avulsion of the maxillary right primary central incisor and morphological changes in the germ of the permanent successor. One year after the trauma, an odontoma-like malformation developed. This malformation was removed 6 years after trauma and orthodontic treatment was started. Clinical follow-up and periodic radiographs are necessary after traumatic avulsion of primary teeth to monitor possible sequelae in the permanent successor. An odontoma-like malformation requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Child↗
PubMed2007

Knowledge of general practitioners dentists about the emergency management of dental avulsion in Curitiba, Brazil.

The prognosis of traumatized teeth in general and of avulsed teeth in particular depends on prompt and appropriate treatment. Management of traumatic injuries may be a challenge to the non-specialized dentist, as they may occur when dentists are least prepared for it. The objective of this research was to investigate the knowledge of general practitioner dentists about the emergency management of dental avulsion in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. A group of 250 professionals were interviewed. The questions were related to knowledge of how to treat traumatic avulsion of teeth. The results suggest that the level of knowledge on the management of dental avulsion of the general practitioners dentists in Curitiba is adequate.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Avulsed teeth. Management during anesthesia induction, surgery.

It is not known how often teeth are inadvertently knocked out in the operating room during intubation or surgery. When it occurs, it can be very disturbing to the operating room personnel and the patient when he or she recovers from the surgery. Research has shown that most avulsed teeth can be saved by replanting them within 15 to 30 minutes, aligning and splinting them into proper position, and instituting appropriate follow-up care. Because a dentist cannot easily be found in this time period, a system designed specifically to preserve the teeth can be used to provide optimum care in these situations. By using such a system, the physician can proceed with the surgery knowing that all the appropriate measures have been taken to save the knocked-out tooth.

Emergencies↗
PubMed2003

Human periodontal ligament cell viability in milk and milk substitutes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of several milk substitutes compared to whole milk in maintaining the viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on avulsed teeth. PDL cells were obtained from freshly extracted, healthy third molars and cultured in Eagle's minimal essential media (EMEM). The cells were plated onto 24-well culture plates and allowed to attach for 24 h. EMEM was replaced with refrigerated whole milk (positive control), reconstituted powdered milk, evaporated milk, or one of two baby formulas (Similac or Enfamil). Tap water served as the negative control. Tissue culture plates were incubated with the experimental media at 37 degrees C for 1, 2, 4, or 8 h. Cell viability was determined by a cell proliferation assay (CellTiter 96 AQ Assay), with absorbance read at 450 nM. A two-way ANOVA (p < 0.001) indicated that at 1 h there was no difference in the effect on PDL cell viability between any of the materials and whole milk. At 2 h, Enfamil and Similac performed significantly better than whole milk, whereas evaporated milk performed worse. At 4 h, Enfamil performed better than whole milk, whereas all other milk substitutes performed worse. At 8 h, all substitutes performed worse than whole milk. These results suggest that Enfamil, which is supplied in powder form that does not require special storage and has a shelf life of 18 months, is a more effective storage medium for avulsed teeth than pasteurized milk for at least 4 h.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Survival of human periodontal ligament cells in media proposed for transport of avulsed teeth.

Many solutions have been examined as possible storage media for avulsed teeth. In this report, human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were exposed for 1 h to culture medium, milk, Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), Soft Wear, Opti Free, and Solo Care contact lens solutions, Gatorade, and tap water, at room temperature and on ice. The number of viable cells was counted using the trypan blue exclusion technique, immediately after exposure (0 h) and at 24 and 48 h, to test the proliferative capacity of the cells after treatment. The results indicated that a significantly higher number of cells survived and proliferated when the exposures were performed at 0 degrees C. Water had a detrimental effect on the cells, whereas culture medium and HBSS preserved significantly more viable cells than the other experimental solutions. Within the parameters of this study, it appears that HBSS is the optimal storage medium for avulsed teeth. Low-fat milk could serve as an alternative if ice is available. Contact lens solutions or Gatorade on ice could serve as short-term (1 h) storage media if the other solutions are not readily available.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

External inflammatory and replacement resorption of luxated, and avulsed replanted permanent incisors: a review and case presentation.

External inflammatory resorption and replacement resorption are complicating factors that may result from traumatic dental injuries when the tooth is luxated or avulsed and replanted. Resorption may, ultimately, result in loss of the tooth. However, with appropriate treatment, the prognosis for these teeth is greatly improved, with the possibility of preventing or arresting resorption. The purpose of this paper is to review these trauma entities, to discuss factors that influence the occurrence of resorption and to describe the most appropriate treatment. A case is presented, illustrating both resorption entities, but with varying outcomes.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of the knowledge of the treatment of avulsions in elementary school teachers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Avulsions are very common in a school setting. Teachers are often requested to help in such emergency situations. A survey consisting of seven simple questions regarding dental avulsion was answered by 60 teachers from five different elementary schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in order to evaluate their knowledge on the subject and establish a guideline to be followed when an accident of this type happens. A lack of technical information was observed among the teachers; most of them answered intuitively rather than on an informative basis. This study showed the need of a more effective communication between dental professionals and school teachers in order to better handle dental emergencies.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗
PubMed1996

Relationship of clonogenic capacity to plating efficiency and vital dye staining of human periodontal ligament cells: implications for tooth replantation.

The survival rate of avulsed permanent teeth following replantation is affected primarily by the duration of the extra-alveolar period and the nature of the storage conditions. These factors are believed to strongly affect the viability of periodontal ligament (PL) cells but in vitro assays of cell viability based on vital dye assays are only weakly correlated with the tooth survival rate after replantation. The aim of the present study was to examine the relative dependence of cell membrane integrity, attachment and clonogenic capacity of human PL cells on the temperature and duration of the extra-alveolar period and the type of storage medium. Twenty-four premolar teeth were extracted for orthodontic reasons from 9 patients 11-18 years of age. Teeth were maintained at 4 degrees C or 23 degrees C for 15, 30, 60 or 120 min in either milk or dry conditions. Cell membrane integrity was determined by BCECF/AM dye inclusion. Plating efficiency was determined by measurement of cell attachment at 3 and 6 h. The clonogenic capacity of progenitor cells was estimated by limiting dilution and colony counts. For all assays teeth stored in milk at 4 degrees C showed the highest percentages of BCECF positive, attached cells with clonogenic capacity. Increased storage time (15-120 min) was associated with a 50% relative reduction of BCECF staining and a 5-fold relative reduction of cell attachment regardless of storage conditions. However, the clonogenic capacity of progenitor cells decreased 25-fold over the same duration of storage. These data demonstrate that in vitro assays of clonogenic capacity are much more sensitive to extra-oral storage time and storage conditions than dye inclusion or cell attachment. We suggest that in comparison with in vitro measures of cell membrane integrity, the clonogenic capacity of PL cells is more closely liked to tooth survival rate, probably reflecting the capacity of PL progenitor cells to recolonize the root surface after replantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Survival rate of desmodontal cells in relation to their extraoral dehydration].

The success of tooth replantation following traumatic avulsion depends to a large degree on the vitality of periodontal ligament cells which remain on the root surface. Loss of vitality promotes root resorption. In this study 124 freshly extracted teeth, only front teeth and premolars, were stored in dry environment for periods of 10 to 150 min. The vitality of the residual periodontal ligament tissue was tested by means of the fluorescein-diacetate reaction. The root area covered by vital tissue decreased to 90% after 30 min and to 70% after 45 min of dry storage. Between 60 and 90 min after extraction the vital tissue area decreased rapidly to about 10%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Determining periodontal ligament (PDL) cell vitality from exarticulated teeth stored in saline or milk using fluorescein diacetate.

One of the key factors for obtaining a favourable long-term prognosis in avulsed teeth is maintenance of the vitality of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Most studies which have examined PDL cell vitality have used neutral red or trypan blue as stains. However, these stains have certain inherent disadvantages. The purpose of this paper was to (i) evaluate the use of saline and milk as storage media for PDL cells and (ii) determine the value of using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) as a staining medium for vital PDL cells on the root surface of avulsed teeth. Thirty-two single-rooted premolars were utilized from patients aged 13 to 28 years. Following atraumatic extraction, the teeth in the experimental groups were air dried for 10 min and then placed in either milk or saline for 120 min. Both control and experimental teeth were subjected to trypsinization procedures, staining with FDA, and haemocytometer readings to determine the number of vital cells. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of viable cells on the root surfaces of teeth after 2 h of storage in either milk or in saline. Furthermore, staining with FDA provided an excellent method by which to determine PDL cell vitality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effectiveness of oral hygiene protocol in patients with post-traumatic splinting.

AIM: In dental trauma with severe periodontal tissue involvement, as dental avulsion and severe luxation, the splinting procedure requires the patient to maintain a scrupulous hygiene of the affected zone, so to allow an effective tissue healing. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a specific oral hygiene protocol in the treatment of patients with post-traumatic splinting, comparing the plaque indexes of dental hygienist-helped patients versus not helped. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 82 selected patients with post-traumatic splinting due to traumatic avulsion and severe luxation. They were divided into 2 groups, comparable for age, sex, type of trauma and splinting. The group A patients underwent an oral hygiene protocol, managed by a dental hygienist, while the group B patients were followed without the help of the hygienist. Plaque indexes were observed and compared in all cases during 6 weeks-follow up. RESULTS: Our results showed that at the 6th week follow up the plaque indexes of dental hygienist-assisted traumatized patients were significantly (p=0.001) lower than those of not assisted patients. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the role of dental hygienists is essential in the management of dental trauma with periodontal damage, which needs specific oral hygiene protocols.

Adolescent↗