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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Scytalidium hyalinum isolated from the toe nail of an Australian patient.

The isolation of Scytalidium hyalinum from the toe nail of a patient from Melbourne is reported. This is the first record of the isolation of this fungus from a clinical site in Australia. A brief history is given of the occurrence of Scytalidium hyalinum and the related fungus, Hendersonula toruloidea, in tinea pedis and tinea unguium in immigrants to the United Kingdom from tropical countries. Attention is drawn to the possible presence of these dermatophyte-like infections in patients in Australia.

Aged↗
PubMed1966

The time course of early changes in the rate of tension development in electrically-stimulated frog toe muscle: effects of muscle length, temperature and twitch-potentiators.

1. An RC circuit employing a piezo-electric crystal was used to differentiate the tension output of electrically stimulated frog toe muscle.2. The rate of tension development curves (dP/dt) usually displayed an initial step-wise increase in the rate of tension development, and often showed further discernible steps in tension acceleration. The successive stages of tension acceleration tended to be equal in duration, and approximated the length of the latent period (ca. 4 msec at room temperature). These observations suggest a synchronous turnover of the links between the myofilaments during the initial interval following stimulation, with an over-all cycle time at room temperature of about 8 msec.3. Lowering the temperature produced proportionate alterations in the duration as well as the magnitude of each successive phase of tension development, with a Q(10) of approximately 2.4. Characteristic changes in the pattern of tension generation were seen with alterations in muscle length, and at lengths greater than 120% of the standard length the irregularities in the dP/dt curves disappeared and the rate of tension development increased in linear fashion. This behaviour could be accounted for by the hypothetical S-filaments connecting the free ends of the thin actin filaments across the H-zone.5. The effects of nine twitch potentiators were studied. Only perchlorate produced prominent increases in the earliest phase of tension development and in maximum tetanus tension-properties expected with an increase in the excitation-induced release of calcium ion into the sarcoplasm (increased intensity of the ;active state').6. The time of onset of the increases in tension acceleration which were produced by twitch potentiators did not correlate with their capacity to lower the ;mechanical threshold', indicating that the amount of calcium released by the action potential is not necessarily altered by a shift in the membrane potential at which calcium release occurs.7. All potentiators studied proved capable of (a) augmenting the rate of increase of tension generation (slope of dP/dt curves) during their rapid phase, as well as (b) increasing the interval during which the dP/dt curves for twitch and tetanus coincide. These effects occurred separately. It is suggested that both of these effects may be explained on the basis of delayed removal of sarcoplasmic calcium ion, resulting in prolongation of the ;active state'.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1972

Intracellular pH, H ion flux and H ion permeability coefficient in bullfrog toe muscle.

1. The dimethyloxazolidinedione (DMO) technique was used to estimate intracellular pH (pH(i)) in bullfrog toe muscles incubated in vitro. The control value of pH(i) was 7.16 + +/- 0.01 (S.D.).2. pH(i) was affected by changes in P(CO2) and external bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO(3) (-)](0)). At a given P(CO2), decreasing the external [HCO(3) (-)] was more effective in lowering pH(i) than increasing the external [HCO(3) (-)] was in increasing pH(i).3. On the assumption that the changes in pH(i) were due to hydrogen ion [H(+)) movements across the membrane, a H(+) flux of 10(-13) mole/cm(2). sec was calculated. The corresponding H(+) permeability coefficient was 10(-3) cm/sec.4. The variability of the tissue CO(2) buffer value was examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Complete situs inversus and broad thumbs and big toes with postaxial polydactyly.

A healthy, non-consanguineous couple had a son with complete situs inversus viscerum (including dextrocardia but without other cardiac defects), broad thumbs and big toes, postaxial polydactyly, average intelligence and length proportion of the extremities, and a normal face. The common cause of these defects may have a role in the origin of sidedness and symmetry in morphogenesis.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Detection of human papillomavirus type 58 in polydactylous Bowen's disease on the fingers and toes of a woman - concurrent occurrence of invasive vulval and cervical carcinomas.

The group related to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 (HPV-16, -31, -33, -35, -52, -58 and -67) is dominantly identified in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinomas. HPV-16 has also been frequently detected in Bowen's disease on the hands and feet. We describe herein a case of polydactylous Bowen's disease on the fingers and toes of a woman who had had radical vulvectomy and hysterectomy for concomitant invasive vulval and cervical carcinomas. All the lesions, except for the lesions on the periungual side of her left index, middle and ring fingers, harbored HPV-58 DNA with more than 100 entire viral genome copies per cell detected by Southern blot hybridization. The histological localization of the viral DNA was confirmed in all the lesions by in situ hybridization. We could also retrospectively demonstrate HPV-58 DNA in her invasive vulval and cervical carcinoma tissues.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2005

First metatarsophalangeal joint replacement using the bio-action great toe implant: intermediate results.

BACKGROUND: With improvements in biomaterials and design, implant arthroplasty is becoming a useful option for treatment of disorders of the hallux. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (53 implants) who had Bio-Action great toe implants (Osteomed, Addison, TX) for symptomatic advanced degenerative changes in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint have been followed prospectively since August of 1998. We reviewed the functional results of 32 patients (36 implants) at a minimum followup of 36 (range 36 to 69, mean 47) months. The scoring system designed by Kitaoka etal. was used to assess the functional results. Patient satisfaction, length of hospital stay, time to return to routine activities, footwear problems, radiographic appearances, and complications also were studied. RESULTS: With the numbers available, there was significant improvement in the range of motion achieved and hallux MTP scale after the operation. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.87) between patient satisfaction and the hallux MTP scale. However, there was no correlation between patient age and patient satisfaction or hallux MTP scale. Seventy-seven percent of patients considered the result of the operation to be good or excellent. CONCLUSION: Overall, the 5-year functional results of this total joint system appeared to be satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor hallucis longus tendon at the great toe.

The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the previously overlooked entity, stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor hallucis longus tendon in the sesamoid area of the great toe. Nine patients have been tabulated and successfully treated during the past 4 years, with an average 2 1/2-year follow-up. Trauma seems to be the causative factor. Five cases had accompanying pathology. Three cases responded to inflation of the tendon sheath with 1% lidocaine anesthesia, but the remainder required tenolysis of the sheath plus surgery to the accompanying pathology for relief. Early recognition of this problem and prompt inflation with lidocaine may be the only required treatment if this is the only entity. Chronic cases will respond to tenolysis. A plantar full visualization surgical approach is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cartilaginous sesamoid or nodule of the interphalangeal joint of the big toe.

Since 1971, a cartilaginous sesamoid or nodule has been identified in the plantar ligament of the interphalangeal joint of the big toe in 29 of the 58 patients (50%) from whom spurs of the plantar medical aspect of the adjacent phalanges were removed because of painful callouses. It is felt that the firm mass of the cartilaginous sesamoid may have contributed to the callous formation in many cases. These cartilaginous sesamoids have all been removed when found.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Stress fracture of the proximal phalanx of the great toe.

Three cases of stress fracture of the proximal phalanx of the great toe occurring in a 12-year-old female volleyball player, a 17-year-old female long distance runner, and a 12-year-old male soccer player are reported. This condition probably develops after repeated forced dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with changing steps. When athletes who repeatedly run and jump complain of pain in the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and there is no history of trauma, this condition should also be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Salter-Harris type IV epiphyseal fracture of the proximal phalanx of the great toe: a case report.

Epiphyseal fractures account for about one fifth of pediatric fractures. Approximately 10% cause major growth disturbances, depending on the location and type of the fracture and the skeletal maturity of the child. Intraarticular Salter-Harris type IV fractures are rare, carry a poor prognosis, and almost always need surgical reduction to prevent deformity. We present a case report of a pediatric patient who returned to normal function after the successful surgical reduction of a Salter-Harris type IV fracture in the proximal phalanx of the great toe.

Bone Wires↗
PubMed1999

Avulsion fracture of the great toe: a case report.

A case involving an isolated bony avulsion fracture of the extensor insertion on the distal phalanx of the great toe is described. The fracture was displaced 2 mm with 30 degrees dorsal angulation; the joint was congruent and not subluxed. The patient was treated nonsurgically with a rigid-soled sandal. Bony healing at the fracture site was clearly evident at 16 weeks postinjury. The patient began using a normal shoe at 10 weeks and resumed his running activities without pain at 16 weeks. The nonsurgical treatment of this injury, similar to that of a mallet finger, was successful.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Elevated pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a in sera from type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia: associations with carotid atherosclerosis and toe-brachial index.

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP)-A, a superfamily of metalloproteinase, has been implicated in acute coronary syndrome. We compared PAPP-A concentrations in sera from patients with type 2 diabetes with those in sera from age-matched control subjects and also investigated whether serum PAPP-A was associated with carotid intima-media wall thickness (IMT), an early marker of atherosclerosis, and indices of peripheral vascular disease in the diabetic patients. Serum PAPP-A was measured by an ELISA in 103 type 2 diabetic patients and 32 age-matched control subjects. All subjects were not pregnant. IMT was evaluated ultrasonographically in both common carotid arteries. As measures of peripheral vascular disease, we also determined the ankle-brachial index and toe-brachial index (TBI) for systolic blood pressure. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as a serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration exceeding 3.6 mmol/liter or alternatively as a treatment with hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. Serum PAPP-A was significantly higher in diabetic patients than control subjects (P < 0.0001). In diabetic patients, serum PAPP-A correlated positively with serum total cholesterol (r = 0.289, P = 0.0041) and IMT (r = 0.315, P = 0.0017) and negatively with TBI (r = -0.294, P = 0.0039) but not ankle-brachial index. Diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia had higher PAPP-A concentrations than those without hypercholesterolemia [median (interquartile ranges): 8.37 (6.93, 11.6) vs. 7.29 (5.65, 9.21) mIU/liter; P = 0.0209]. Multivariate analysis identified only serum total cholesterol as an independent determinant of serum PAPP-A in patients with type 2 diabetes (partial coefficient 0.454, P = 0.020). In conclusion, serum PAPP-A concentrations were significantly elevated in diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia and were associated positively with carotid atherosclerosis and negatively with TBI in type 2 diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dystonia of the legs induced by walking or passive movement of the big toe in a patient with cerebellar ectopia and syringomyelia.

A 45-year-old man with dystonia of the legs was found to have cerebellar ectopia and syringomyelia. Both walking and passive movements of the big toes evoked dystonic postures of the legs. Electrophysiologic studies suggested that the dystonic movements were reflex in origin. We propose that the cervical spinal cord lesion, involving propriospinal pathways, resulted in an abnormal response of spinal interneurons to peripheral stimuli.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed2003

Finger or toe: the molecular basis of limb identity.

Despite their obvious similarities, the forelimbs and hindlimbs of tetrapod vertebrates have evolved distinct structural elements to carry out their discrete functions. Many genes required for limb initiation and patterning are involved in regulatory networks common to both limb-types. Other genes are differentially expressed between forelimb and hindlimb, and have been implicated in the initiation of limb bud outgrowth and the specification of limb-type identity. In this review, I will discuss the current understanding of how genes that control limb identity interact with regulatory networks common to both appendages to produce the fingers of the hand and toes of the foot.

Animals↗