Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Temporal Bone”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Utricle, saccule, and cochlear duct in relation to stapedotomy. A histologic human temporal bone study.

This study was performed to determine the area in which and the circumstances under which stapedotomy can be relatively safely performed. Measurements were made from central areas of the medial surface of the stapedial footplate to the utricle, the saccule, and the cochlear duct in 10 normal and 11 otosclerotic temporal bones. The mean distances to the utricle ranged from 1.9 to 2.4 mm, and those to the saccule from 1.7 to 2.1 mm. The minimal distance to the utricle was measured from the posterior (0.58 mm) and superior (0.62 mm) borders of the stapedial footplate. The minimal distances to the saccule were from the anterior (0.76, 0.86, and 1.00 mm) border of the stapedial footplate. All other measurements were of more than 1 mm. The shortest distance between the cochlear duct and the inferior border of the footplate was 0.2 mm. Statistical analysis has shown no significant differences for the mean values obtained in normal and otosclerotic temporal bones. Fathoming of the vestibule below the central and inferior thirds of the footplate surface has shown that there is no likely danger to the vestibular end organs or cochlear duct if manipulations are carried out no deeper than 1 mm below the surface. The safest place for a stapedotomy opening is in the central and inferior-central thirds of the footplate. A stapedotomy piston of 0.4 mm in diameter can be introduced relatively safely to a depth of 0.5 mm in the vestibule over the entire surface of the stapedial footplate.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Temporal bone histopathologic findings in Down's syndrome.

We report the results of a histopathologic study of 12 temporal bones from seven patients with Down's syndrome and of a dimensional study of the cochlea and the vestibular apparatuses of most of these specimens. Histopathologic study disclosed numerous abnormalities of the middle ear but only a limited number of inner ear abnormalities. The dimensional study showed that, while in the majority of cases the cochlea was shortened, most of the vestibular measurements were within the normal range. We also discuss hearing loss in patients with Down's syndrome and present our hypothesis that remnants of mesenchymal tissue in the round window niche might cause a certain degree of conductive hearing loss in such cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Processing and analyzing the mouse temporal bone to identify gross, cellular and subcellular pathology.

A technique has been developed for preparing the mouse temporal bone for histopathological examination: first, as a whole mount to detect any gross malformations of the bony or membranous labyrinths; second, in dissected segments to localize damage in the different sensory organs and to quantify sensory- and supporting-cell losses; and finally, in semi-thick and thin sections to identify and characterize subcellular pathology. Examples are given of the successful application of this technique to mice with very different inner-ear problems, including those with an abnormally short cochlear spiral, a defective lateral semicircular canal, abnormal otoliths over the saccular macula, an increased susceptibility to noise damage and those which lack fibroblast growth factor receptor 3.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Temporal bone carcinoma: contemporary perspectives in the skull base surgical era.

Historically, malignant tumors that arose within the temporal bone or that intimately juxtaposed the petrous ridge portended an ominous prognosis. Perusal of the surgical literature from 1950 to 1975 strongly supports the impression that despite heroic surgical efforts many of these patients sustained significant morbidity and a high mortality rate. This report reviews data accumulated over a 10-year period study from July 1984 to June 1994 that examines the changing clinical approach to these lesions from both a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective. Analysis of data from 46 patients cared for at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center is presented with a minimum follow-up of 16 months to a long-term follow-up of 11 years. A management algorithm is presented that reflects our contemporary approach to assessment and management of this select patient population.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Temporal bone anomaly proposed as a major criteria for diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome.

The acronym CHARGE defines a non-random clustering of congenital malformations of unknown origin. Classical diagnostic criteria include: 1) one major feature namely coloboma/microphthalmia or choanal atresia, and 2) four of the six features designated in the CHARGE acronym. Interestingly, all CHARGE patients hitherto reported had partial or complete semicircular canal hypoplasia on temporal bone CT-scan. We report on semicircular canal agenesis/hypoplasia in three patients with three to four features of the CHARGE syndrome and neither coloboma nor choanal atresia and we propose to include temporal bone malformations as a major criteria for diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of temporal bone pneumatization: 2. Petrosquamosal suture and septum.

The degree of visualization of the petrosquamosal (Körner's) septum on high-resolution axial computed tomography (CT) in 141 temporal bones (100 subjects) was analyzed. The superior and inferior parts of the septum were assessed separately and were seen in 75% and 41% of cases, respectively. There was no relation between the size of Körner's septum and pneumatization. The clinical relevance of this finding is discussed. The CT features of the ventral petrosquamosal suture also were investigated. The crista tegmentalis, a contribution of the petrosal tegmen to the mandibular fossa, was seen on CT as a polypoid excrescence projecting from the ventrolateral petrous pyramid. This knowledge is useful in the radiographic analysis of the course of longitudinal fractures of the petrous bone.

Cranial Sutures↗
PubMed1993

Temporal bone findings in craniodiaphyseal dysplasia.

To our knowledge, this is the first description of the histopathology of the temporal bone from a case of craniodiaphyseal dysplasia. The air spaces of the mastoid, external auditory canal, and middle ear cavity are reduced by hyperostotic bone. The ossicles are also deformed by the bony overgrowth. Anomalous ossicles with hyperostosis could affect the air conduction. Even though the internal auditory canal is somewhat elongated and narrow, no labyrinthine abnormalities can be attributed to the abnormal bone. Facial nerves run through abnormal courses but the geniculate ganglion cells are not involved. The VIIIth nerve dysfunction in this case could be due to mechanical damage of the nerve fibers and/or impaired vascular supply by the hyperostosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Giant cell tumor of the temporal bone. Clinical study of a case. Histologic and therapeutic remarks].

A case of giant cell tumor of the temporal bone is reported. The surgical difficulties encountered in this case are presented and therapeutic modalities for this tumor, consisting of radical surgery and post operatoire radiotherapy, one defined and discussed. Comments are made concerning this rare tumor location, its occurrence in young adults, and difficulties in establishing a histologic diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Temporal bone chemodectomas--comparing surgery and radiation therapy.

We reviewed the literature concerning curative treatment for chemodectomas of the temporal bone. Local control and complication rates were calculated from the published series for three therapeutic approaches: Surgery alone, radiation before or after surgery, and radiation alone. The local control rates were similar, 86%, 90%, and 93% respectively. Patients suffered a high rate of treatment-related morbidity following surgical excision of glomus jugulare lesions. Serious sequelae from radiation therapy were rare. We feel radiation therapy should be considered as primary treatment for glomus jugulare tumors.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Temporal bone pneumatization. A planimetric study.

This present study is based on the results of a planimetric investigation of temporal bone pneumatization in 73 children (with and without middle ear pathology). Radiologic and clinical follow-up studies indicate a definite inhibition of pneumatization due to chronic secretory or recurrent suppurative otitis media. This process is partially reversible if the underlying pathologic ventilation of the middle ear spaces is cured by an adequate treatment, such as direct adenoidectomy and/or long-term middle ear ventilation (6 months indispensable).

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical and experimental study on facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture].

To study the main prognostic factors and significance of facial nerve decompression of facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture, the main relative prognostic factors of 64 patients with facial paralysis were analyzed. Experimental model of facial paralysis was made. Expansion rate of facial nerve in facial canal opening group and non-opening group was measured and observed under electron microscope. The main factors affecting the prognosis were facial nerve decompression and selection of surgery time. Expansion rate of facial nerve in opening group was significantly higher than that of non-opening group. Injury degree of nerve fiber of non-opening group was severe. It is suggested that early facial nerve decompression is of beneficial to restoration of facial nerve function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Temporal bone findings in Pierre Robin syndrome.

This is the first complete report on the histopathologic study of the temporal bones from an infant with a well-documented Pierre Robin syndrome (micrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft palate), demonstrating multiple middle and inner ear anomalies. The anomalies are basically architectural malformations rather than neutral or end organ developmental anomalies. The anomalies in this case, except for a few points, are somewhat similar in both ears. Multiple anomalies include: abnormal narrowing of the crus commune-utricle junction, superiorly located crus commune and posterior semicircular canal, underdeveloped modiolus, absence of the bony septum between the middle and apical coil (existence of scala communis in left ear), abnormally small internal auditory meatus, and abnormal direction of internal auditory canal, large cartilaginous mass around the superior semicircular canal and in the tympanic end of the fissula ante fenestram, small facial nerve, large facial bony canal dehiscence, anomalic stapes, etc.

Ear, Inner↗
PubMed1992

Fracture of temporal bone with exsanguination: pathology and mechanism.

Eight cases of basal skull fracture with transverse fracture of the petrous temporal bone with medial extension to the internal carotid artery and lateral extension of the structures of the middle ear are described. Injuries in all cases were due to major blunt impact to the head usually occurring in a motor vehicle accident. General autopsy revealed major blood loss without any obvious external or internal site of hemorrhage suggesting that exsanguination was a complication of the head injury. The internal carotid arteries at the most medial extension of the fractures were lacerated or transected in all cases. In selected cases, the cervical internal carotid arteries were perfused and perfusate escaped rapidly from the ear(s) with the majority of fluid bypassing the cerebral venous system. Magnetic resonance image reconstruction of sequential sections of the fractured base of the skull confirmed the laceration of the internal carotid arteries and disruption of the middle ear. Based on this evidence, we propose that some displaced fractures of the base of the skull produce carotid-middle ear continuities which act as arterial shunts, resulting in rapid fatal exsanguination through the ear.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Temporal bone hemangiomas involving the facial nerve.

OBJECTIVE: Hemangiomas of the facial nerve are rare tumors that can mimic more common temporal bone tumors such as vestibular schwannomas and facial nerve schwannomas. This article reviews the diagnostic challenges in the surgical treatment of facial nerve hemangiomas. STUDY DESIGN: Two case reports and literature review. RESULTS: Early diagnosis and surgical excision of facial nerve hemangiomas can sometimes allow tumor removal with facial nerve preservation. In patients in whom the facial nerve needs to be resected to remove the hemangioma, primary anastomosis or cable nerve grafting can yield House-Brackmann Grade III/VI postoperative facial nerve function. CONCLUSION: Complete surgical excision of facial nerve hemangiomas with primary facial nerve repair (when necessary) is the treatment of choice for these lesions.

Bone Neoplasms↗