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PubMed1977

[Serodiagnosis of 2,438 cases of toxoplasmosis by immunofluorescence at the Pasteur Institute of Algeria. Epidemiological and clinical corollaries].

2 438 sera from patients suspected of having toxoplasmosis, were tested by indirect immunofluorescence at the Pasteur Institute of Algeria between 1969 and 1973. 53,2% of the sera tested were shown to be positive. Although geographically limited, this investigation reveals the frequency of toxoplasmic infection in the Algiers region with a predominance of the polyadenopathic benign form. Moreover, the causative role of toxoplasmosis in repeated abortions is confirmed.

Algeria↗
PubMed1985

The role of toxoplasmosis in congenital disease in Malaysia.

Toxoplasmosis was found not to be an important cause of intrauterine infection in Malaysia as the rate of toxoplasma-specific IgM in 1,060 congenitally defective Malaysian children, 0 to 4 months old (0.4%) was lower than that in 405 normal children of the same age group (2.0%). A total of 8.2 intra-uterine toxoplasmic infections per 1,000 live births was detected of which one-third (2.7 per 1,000 live births) was overt, manifesting symptoms more of liver damage, than eye or brain damage. A comparison was made with the rates in U.S.A. and Europe. The role of toxoplasmosis in abortion needs to be studied.

Hepatomegaly↗
PubMed1979

[Acute toxoplasmosis with necrotizing vasculitis (author's transl)].

Acute toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a Japanese woman aged 31 years after the discovery of a raised lysis titre and agglutinins resistant to 2-ME, as well as early increases in specific IgM followed later by increases in specific IgG. A high fever was present and signs of mainly distal polymyositis. The muscle lesion was confirmed by EMG examination. No increase in muscle enzyme levels was noted at any stage of the disease. Muscle biopsy demonstrated inflammatory lesions in interstitial tissue and perimysium, and, more particularly, segmental necrotizing arteritis in several arterioles. All the arteriolar lesions were at the same stage of development. After prednisolone (60 mg/day) had failed to produce improvement, spiramycin was given and caused apyrexia in 48 hours and definite disappearance of all muscle signs within several days. Recovery was complete and there was no return of symptoms 18 months later. The authors discuss the association of acute toxoplasmosis, polymyositis, and necrotizing vasculitis, and suggest a possible pathogenic role for the immune complexes deposited on the arterial walls.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Immunologic and epizootologic studies of toxoplasmosis in sheep].

A total of 698 blood serum samples from sheep in various regions of the People's Republic of Bulgaria were examined throught the indirect hemaglutination micromethod. Two-hundred and seventeen proved positive for toxoplasmosis. Those of the samples that were taken from ewes that had miscarried and reacted positively were considerably more--43.3 per cent--than those that were taken from ewes with normal lambing and reacted positively--21 percent. Besides, toxoplasmosis was shown to be more widely spread among sheep in the mountainous regions (40.3 per cent) than in sheep from the plain regions (18.3 per cen). Four cystogenic strains of Toxoplasma were isolated from fetuses of nine ewes that had miscarried. Out of 493 sheep investigated in Czechoslovakia 33.3 per cent were positive by the indirect hemagglutination reaction, 29.7 per cent were positive by the indirect fluorescence reaction (RIF), and 11.6 per cent were positive by thr microprecipitation agar gel reaction (MPA). States is the epizootiologic and economic importance of the problem.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1979

[Toxoplasmosis and otolaryngology (author's transl)].

A 5-year-Toxoplasmosis material of the Otorhino-laryngological Department of University School, Szeged has been analyzed on the basis of age, sex, laboratory data and literature. The occurance of the disease was most frequent in the 20--35-year-old population in both sexes. The diagnosis was proved by serological and histological investigations. A one month administration of Tindurin (25 mg Pyrimethamin) combined with Sulphonamid has been used in the therapy with satisfactory effect. The etiological role of toxoplasmosis is emphasised in the differential diagnosis of the cervical lympadenopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Presumed ocular toxoplasmosis: some clinical observations.

Ophthalmoscopic appearances of congenital and acquired presumed ocular toxoplasmosis are described. Four illustrative cases of presumed ocular toxoplasmosis are discussed, with some emphasis on related general health history. Some speculations are offered to account for the varied ophthalmoscopic appearances of these lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Toxoplasmosis in a dog.

The clinical, clinical pathological and pathological findings of a dog showing progressive paralysis due to toxoplasmosis are described. Necropsy revealed polymyositis and a meningoencephalitis as well as a meningomyeloradiculitis. The differential diagnoses of the different forms of toxoplasmosis are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Ocular toxoplasmosis (author's transl)].

Ocular toxoplasmosis is a disease characterised by inflammation of posterior part of uvea. It can be either congenital or acquired. However, ocular toxoplasmosis is mostly congenital. The frequency of ocular involvement is 1/4 in ratio after invasion of central nervous system. Ocular and serological findings must be considered together for diagnosis. Pyrimethamine and sulphonamides are effective in the treatment of acute cases; however, they have no effect on chronic cases. It is not advised to use corticosteroids alone, but they may be used together with their depo-forms and other antimicrobial drugs. In addition, physical methods such as, laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy can be employed when drug treatment is not effective.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Complement fixation reaction in toxoplasmosis.

In toxoplasmosis serodiagnosis the complement fixation reaction (CF) is barely sensitive and specific and supplies results below the general standard levels of this technique. The reasons for this deficiency are discussed and detected in the preparation modalities of the toxoplasma antigens. Two diagnostic antigens are prepared and evaluated; the former, a suspension of whole toxoplasma (WT) the latter a total extract of toxoplasma (TET). The antigens are characterized by the preparative process, culture host and the extractive technique with a modified ultrasonic disintegrator. The antigens are used in the CF reaction, performed with the modified LBCF method, with a 100% hemolysis reading (H 100). The LBCF-H 100 reaction with WT and TET antigens is evaluated parellely to the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IF) and dye test (DT) on 2514 human sera from cases os suspected toxoplasmosis and pregnant women. The analysis of the serological results pointed out that the LBCF-H 100 reaction performed with WT antigen, shows a sensitivity and specificity equivalent to that of the DT. The LBCF-H 100 reaction with TET antigen extends the range of the antibodies detectable with WT antigen. The optimal serological combination to identify the highest number of seropositive cases of toxplasma infection is given by LBCF-TET and IF reactions.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1978

[Practical aspects of toxoplasmosis].

Progress during the last 10 years in parasitologic, epidemiologic and clinical areas has led to new insight concerning toxoplasmosis. Many earlier beliefs concerning toxoplasmosis must be revised. One of these is that dogs or other domestic animals are a source of infection for man. Only domestic cats excrete in their feces toxoplasma oocysts which are potentially infectious for man; oocysts, however, have little importance under living conditions in Central Europe. Concern about connatal transmission of toxoplasma by mothers who have been infected prior to conception is now considered baseless. Only a primary infection during pregnancy constitutes a certain danger for the fetus and chemotherapy is suggested. The former clinical concept of toxoplasmic endometritis was never confirmed by histopathology. The same applies to specific placental changes supposedly due to toxoplasma infection which could lead to abortion. In spite of the usefulness of serologic evidence for clinical diagnosis, there is no danger for the fetus when a mother has a high antibody titer prior to pregnancy; the mother could be regarded as vaccinated. Appropriate information should be supplied in the "motherhood-passport" use in Germany to avoid worrying a mother with positive titer, and to congratulating a woman with negative findings for her hygienic standard. Only in case of primary infection during pregnancy a certain danger of infection and disease for the child exists. However if treated the chemotherapeutic treatment significantly reduces the risk.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1977

[Two autopsy cases of adult central nervous system toxoplasmosis: light and electron microscopic studies (author's transl)].

Two autopsy cases of adult central nervous system toxoplasmosis were reported. Two cases treated with immunosuppressive agents and corticosteroids under a diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease were considered to be an acquired CNS toxoplasmosis associated with the underlying diseases. The first case, a 73 year old woman with Hodgkin's disease, showed toxoplasma lesions in the cerebrum. The second case, a 22 year old man with pulmonary tuberculosis, showed toxoplasma lesions in the cerebrum, basal ganglion, thalamus, cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongatta. Each toxoplasma lesion showed small hemonecrotic softening. Toxoplasma cysts were seen around the hemonecrotic lesion. Encysted toxoplasma organisms were examined in detail with electron microscope.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Congenital toxoplasmosis with hydranencephaly. A case report (author's transl)].

Hydranencephaly is an uncommon finding in congenital toxoplasmosis. The authors report a new case and emphasize the toxoplasmic etiology of this malformation, the possibility of normal neurologic examination at birth, and the usefulness of cranial transillumination whenever congenital toxoplasmosis is suspected in a neonate.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1983

[Latex agglutination reaction for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis].

Agglutination of latex-particles sensitized with toxoplasma-antigen is a simple, fast, inexpensive test for toxoplasmosis-diagnosis. This test has been compared with passive-hemagglutination (1091 sera) and immunofluorescence (1093 sera). From the results, this new test is showed to be closer to passive-hemagglutination than indirect immunofluorescence. After studying possible false results and biological qualities it is thought that this test has good qualities to render great services for the toxoplasmosis diagnosis, and specially for epidemiological investigations.

Fluorescent Antibody Technique↗
PubMed1984

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of toxoplasmosis in swine: interpreting assay results and comparing with other serologic tests.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serodiagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis. The results of the ELISA were interpreted as percentage (% ELISA) and ELISA titer and were compared with results of the dye test, indirect fluorescent antibody test, and indirect hemagglutination test. The results obtained from both the % ELISA and ELISA titer directly correlated with the dye test results. The ELISA is a rapid, sensitive, and readily performed serologic test that should be ideal for examining (screening) swine for toxoplasmosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

An epidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis in Mauritania.

A sero-epidemiological survey to assess the frequency and the distribution of toxoplasmosis has been conducted in schools of Mauritania. The prevalence, although very low compared to European standards, varies in the different villages, higher values being related to the presence of Arab-Berber populations. The main determinants of this difference are probably the food habits. Prevalence increases and reaches a stable level during adolescence. No difference was shown between sexes. These results are discussed in the context of the geography of toxoplasmosis in West Africa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on immunoglobulin M in toxoplasmosis and rubella].

2 mercapto-ethanol (2 M-E) can be used to demonstrate IgM immunoglobulins to both toxoplasmosis and to measles, but while the action of this reagent is easily confirmed in the course of agglutination reactions with toxoplasma, it is only straightforward in certain circumstances in the course of the inhibition of haemagglutination reaction with measles virus. The agglutination reaction is very sensitive for this group of immunoglobulins: the depolymerization of toxoplasmosis IgM by 2 M-E is well demonstrated in total serum. The inhibition of haemagglutination reaction is sensitive for IgM and IgG, but the much higher concentration of IgG often masks the immunological activity of the IgM; the depolymerization of measles IgM by 2 M-E is only barely demonstrated on the IgM fraction. The use of 2 M-E is also a valuable means of confirming the fractionation obtained by filtration chromatography.

Agglutination Tests↗