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Pool drownings.

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Child, Preschool↗

[Swimming induced vascular headache].

We experienced 3 cases of characteristic headache induced by swimming. The first case was a 51-year-old woman who suffered from a sudden attack of throbbing headache in the parieto-temporal region, accompanied by nausea, after 20 minutes of swimming practice in a pool. The headache disappeared after about 3 hours of bed rest. However, soon after she began to practice swimming in the pool a few days later, throbbing headache in the same region recurred. Though the headache improved upon bed rest, dull pain was persistent till bed time that evening. Two days later, as she squatted down with alacrity at her home, she felt intense pain in the whole head as if struck with a hammer. She was seen at our neurological clinic the following day but was found to be neurologically normal with a blood pressure of 130/70 and a pulse rate of 78/min. Blood chemistry tests, hematology, head digital subtraction angiography, cerebral CT and X-ray films of the cervical spine were all normal. After swimming was prohibited, the prognosis was good and the patient experienced no episode of headache at all during the intervening period of 2 years and 5 months after the first visit. The second case was a 45-year-old man who felt throbbing headache affecting the whole head immediately after diving in a swimming pool. The headache improved after about 3 hours of bed rest. One week later, an attack of similar headache occurred immediately after a dive in the swimming pool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

Pool palms.

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Child, Preschool↗

The influence of passive preexposure on escape from a Morris pool.

In 3 experiments rats were preexposed to the landmarks that surround a Morris pool by being placed on a submerged platform within the pool. They were then required to escape from the pool by swimming to the platform, which was in a location that had not been used during preexposure. Preexposure facilitated subsequent escape from the pool, provided that the platform was not moved during preexposure and the relative position of the landmarks to each other remained constant throughout preexposure. In contrast, if during preexposure the platform was moved from session to session (Experiment 1), or the array of landmarks was altered unsystematically from trial to trial (Experiments 2 and 3), then subsequent learning to escape from the pool was disrupted. These findings suggest that the effects of preexposure to the landmarks in a Morris pool is determined by whether or not they are of relevance for identifying the location of the platform. When they are relevant, then subsequent learning is facilitated, but when they are irrelevant, then subsequent learning is disrupted.

Animals↗