Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STOMACH DILATATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Jejunojejunal intussusception following jejunostomy.

Jejunojejunal intussusception is a rare complication of jejunostomy, and its preoperative diagnosis and surgical treatment have not been reported. A 78-year-old man suffered from vomiting off and on after emergency exploratory laparotomy with omentoplasty for perforated duodenal ulcer. He also received Witzel jejunostomy for early feeding. Ileus developed postoperatively and plain X-ray of the abdomen showed distended small bowel loop with scanty colon gas. Small bowel series performed with water-soluble contrast medium revealed substantial fluid retention in the stomach, duodenum and proximal jejunum. Infusion of contrast medium into the feeding tube revealed normal caliber of the distal small bowel. Abdominal sonogram revealed target sign as well as the feeding tube in a dilated jejunum. Abdominal computed tomography confirmed the sonographic impression of jejunojejunal intussusception. Reduction of intussusception was done during exploratory laparotomy. The jejunostomy feeding was continued and the postoperative course was uneventful.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Esophageal stricture after cytomegalovirus ulcer treated with ganciclovir.

A 49-year-old man with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced ulceration in the distal esophagus and proximal stomach. All symptoms improved on treatment with ganciclovir. However, 1 month later severe dysphagia led to discovery of a fibrous stricture in the area of the healed ulcer. The dysphagia was controlled by esophageal dilation. Ulcerative lesions caused by CMV can heal with ganciclovir treatment but, as with other esophageal ulcers, healing may be associated with fibrosis and stricture.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1981

Sonographic assessment of the bowel wall.

The thickness and regularity of the bowel wall can often be assessed by sonographic imaging. In 26 normal patients, the bowel wall averaged 3 mm in thickness when distended and 5 mm when nondistended. In contrast, in 12 patients with an abnormally thickened bowel wall, bowel wall thickness averaged 23 mm and the affected bowel segment exhibited decreased or absent peristalsis on real-time scanning. The data derived from this study may enable the sonographic distinction of abnormally thickened bowel wall from normal bowel segments in the collapsed and distended state.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Digestive endoscopy in children].

Also in the pediatric population the digestive endoscopy became, at this point, a very good diagnostic and operative technique largement used. The endoscopy can explore the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum) and can investigate the colon and the terminal ileum regarding the lower gastrointestinal tract. Principally, the operative endoscopy concerns emostasis of gastrointestinal bleeding, polipectomy, extraction of foreign bodies, and intestinal dilatations. The patients population submitted to this investigation by now is very wide thanks to the modernization of the instruments and at specialization of gastroenterologist pediatricians: range from newborn, to childhood, adolescence and young adults. The gastroenterologist pediatricians specialization associated to a routine use of amnemonic drugs (benzodiazepine) reduced at the minimum the invasivity of endoscopy; this technique can be considered a good safe procedure and free of important physical and psychic side effects for the young patient.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morbidity factors in Nissen's procedure].

Between 1975 and 1986, 96 adult patients were operated upon for gastro-esophageal reflux using the abdominal approach to Nissen's operation, eight of these patients having undergone previous surgery to treat reflux. Diagnosis in 44 patients was stage III esophagitis, and in 16, symptomatic peptic stenosis. Mortality was 0.9% (1 case) and morbidity 14%. Morbidity was not increased in previously operated patients. Based on these results and a literature review, different technical factors are discussed that could reduce morbidity of Nissen's operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The management of reflux oesophagitis and oesophageal stricture.

In a five year period, 140 patients with hiatal hernia were admitted to the cardiothoracic surgery department for investigation and treatment of their condition. Seventy-three of these patients had oesophageal strictures and of these 35 were treated by oesophageal dilatation and Nissen fundoplication. One patient with an intractable stricture was treated by oesophagogastrectomy. The results of surgery were found to be identical with 47 patients without strictures who underwent Nissen fundoplication. Eighty-three percent of patients were symptom free with normal barium meals five to nine years postoperatively, 11% had only minor reflux or dysphagia and were greatly improved as compared with their preoperative state and 6% suffered significant recurrence of symptoms. Postoperative morbidity was slight and there was no mortality. Thirty-six patients with strictures were treated as outpatients by intermittent bouginage. Eleven patients still attend the department at approximately three monthly intervals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The palliative treatment of esophageal tumors with the laser (Nd-YAG). The results of an initial experience].

Palliative treatment of esophagus tumors leads to a remarkable improvement of dysphagia allowing oral feeding, prolonging the survival period and improving patient's quality of life. We have treated 30 patients with such tumors, who had previously been discarded for surgical therapy, with Nd-YAG laser through endoscopy. The procedure could be ended, so the dysphagia improved remarkably, in 23 patients (77.7%). Survival mean length was 7,3 months (range: 2,5-22 months) in eleven patients who already died when this study was finished, and 6,5 months (range: 2,5-10 months) in the remaining 12 patients. Five patients required the implant of a esophageal prosthesis as result of a proneness of the tumor to produce stenosis again. Follow-up visits were done regularly every 1 to 1.5 months. In summary best results were obtained on medial and distal thirds of the esophagus, where dilatation previous to laser therapy is easier, obtaining an important improvement of dysphagia. If the tumor has a localization in the upper part of the esophagus or if it has its origin in the stomach and later on it invades cardias, both cases pose more difficulties to the treatment with laser, which determines the results, so another alternative technique to feed the patient may be used.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Nausea and abdominal discomfort--possible relation to aerophagia during diving: an epidemiologic study.

Gastrointestinal (GI) distension by gas expansion may be more of a problem in diving than is usually recognized. In response to a written questionnaire, 2053 scuba divers gave information about GI discomfort such as pain, nausea, and vomiting in connection with diving. One hundred and eleven reports (5.4% of 2053) were considered possible cases of significant GI distension because the majority of divers had their symptoms during ascent and a significant number of them got relief from belching. Difficult middle ear pressure equilibration was a particular problem among divers with GI symptoms. It may have induced frequent swallowing, causing air ingestion and consequent GI problems. Steep, head-first descents appear to have been employed in some dives, leading to GI discomfort presumably be creating large mouth-to-stomach gas-pressure differences. It was concluded that swallowing or any procedure leading to entry of gas into the stomach should be avoided and that belching during diving should be recommended.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1990

Perception and reflex relaxation of the stomach in response to gut distention.

Acute intestinal distention in dogs induces a gastric relaxatory reflex. Our aim was to investigate this reflex in humans, including its relationship to perception. In 9 fasting healthy volunteers, we performed graded balloon distentions (2.5 min duration at 10-min intervals) of either the antroduodenal junction (n = 6) or the distal duodenum (n = 6). Gastric tone was quantified as changes in the volume of air within an intragastric bag maintained at a constant pressure by an electronic barostat. Perception was scored by a graded (0-6) questionnaire. Distention of the antroduodenal junction induced dose-related gastric relaxatory responses: distention at a level producing significant perception (5.0 +/- 0.1 perception score) induced significant relaxation (203 +/- 39 ml change in intragastric volume; p less than 0.05); lower levels of distention still induced relaxation (113 +/- 30 ml change in volume; p less than 0.05) without significant perception (1.0 +/- 0.5 perception score). In the distal duodenum, distention at the threshold for discomfort (5.1 +/- 0.3 perception score) induced significantly smaller gastric relaxatory responses (42 +/- 17 ml change in volume). Distentions below the level of significant perception (1.5 +/- 0.7 perception score) failed to induce gastric responses (14 +/- 15 ml change in volume). These data indicate that both perceived and unperceived gastric relaxatory reflexes in response to distention exist in humans and that these reflexes are region dependent.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Toxic effects and excretion in urine of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in the after a single oral dose.

Toxic effects and excretion in urine of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), the potent mutagenic compound in chlorinated drinking water, was evaluated in male Wistar rats by the up-and-down method. MX was dosed by gavage in deionized water at doses between 200 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, for one animal at a time, and effects were observed for 14 days. Urine was collected in metabolism cages up to 72 h after dosing for chemical analysis of MX in urine. The animals receiving 200 mg/kg did not display clear clinical signs but at higher doses the signs of ill effects included dyspnea, laborious, wheezing and gasping breathing, decreased spontaneous motor activity, ataxia, nostril discharges, catalepsia and cyanosis. In necropsy bronchi contained foamy liquid and the lungs appeared edematous and spongy. The stomach cavity was expanded due to accumulation of fluid and gas and the gastrointestinal tract from stomach to caecum was reddish. Microscopically, the main target organ of toxicity was the gastrointestinal tract (diffuse congestion and necrosis in the mucosa). Signs of toxicity were recorded also in lungs (slight edema) and kidneys (dilated tubules, thin tubular epithelium, brownish tubular and interstitial concretion). The LD50 in 48 h was 230 mg/kg. Only 0.03-0.07% of the dose (200 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg) was excreted in urine as intact MX. The results indicate that at high doses MX has a strong local irritating effect in the gastrointestinal tract and it probably increases liquid permeability in lungs. MX may also cause tubular damage in kidneys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

A 20-year prospective follow-up of childhood hiatal hernia.

A long-term prospective follow-up of 113 children with vomiting due to a small hiatal hernia is described. When reviewed by the same clinical and radiological observers 20 or more years later, over 90% of unoperated non-stricture patients were asymptomatic whereas only 44% of the stricture and/or surgically treated group were without symptoms. Half or possibly more of the asymptomatic patients still had a hernia and it is possible that these may suffer a recurrence of symptoms later in adult life. The loculus of thoracic stomach tended to retain the same shape; there was a slightly better prognosis for the locular type of hernia compared with the tubular type. Complicating oesophageal strictures can decrease or disappear without surgery other than dilatation; the results of treatment by radical surgery were disappointing. There is need for an even more prolonged follow-up into later adult life.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Columnar cell-lined esophagus: assessment of etiology and treatment. A 22 year experience.

Among 1,000 patients with hiatal hernias were 45 who had biopsy-proved columnar-lined esophagus (CLE). Twenty-one were male and 24 female, with bimodal age ranges peaking at zero to 10 and 48 to 80 years. Of the first decade patients, all boys, 2 were brothers. While 44 had dysphagia, one third also had iron-deficiency anemia. All had x-ray-proved sliding hiatal hernias, with esophageal stricturing at the squamous cell-columnar cell interface. In 43 cases this area was 35 cm. or less from the upper jaw. The epithelial histology showed simple, tubular, mucus-secreting glands (45 cases), goblet cells (7 cases), no goblet cells (38 cases), and gastric-type epithelium with parietal cells (19 cases). In 2 cases CLE was rising up the esophagus from 35 to 30 cm. in 3 years and from 40 to 23 cm. in 10 years. No stricture became neoplastic. Clinical evidence supports the view that CLE has a double etiology: It is congenital in children but acquired, akin to "intestinalization of the stomach," in adults with sliding hiatal hernias; in the latter instance, CLE occurs as an alternative end-point to reflux esophagitis. Treatments and long-term results are discussed. All patients had initial stricture dilatation with biopsy. In 17 this was the sole treatment. In 16 cases a later transthoracic herniorrhaphy was performed to reduce the hiatal hernia and prevent further stricturing. Fifteen patients had transmural strictures. For this group, our experience with Roux-Y esophagogastrostomy and esophagojejunogastrostomy, with stricture excision, and also with mere bypass of the stricture is stated. For the young, after stricture excision, eosophagojejunogastrostomy with pyloroplasty, performed in the second decade, is favored. In the elderly, especially after unsuccessful hiatal herniorrhaphy, eosophagojejunogastrostomy with stricture bypass proved satisfactory 3 years after the operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute experimental pancreatitis--morphological evidence for the development of a multiple organ failure syndrome.

In order to evaluate the systemic lesions during acute pancreatitis (AP) we produced the disease in rats by ligation of the common biliopancreatic duct. The animals were killed at 4, 24, 48 hours and at 7 days. Serum values of amylase appear increased 24 hours after common biliopancreatic duct ligation, decreased after 48 hours and remain at a low range at 7 days. The pancreatic lesions were: interstitial oedema, pancreatic ducts dilatation, necrosis, hemorrhages and extensive fat necroses in the peripancreatic area, retroperitoneum and mesentery. We also found signs of systemic damage, suggestive for a multiple organ failure syndrome in the lung (hemorrhages, neutrophils accumulation, microthromboses), stomach (erosive and hemorrhagic gastritis) and mild kidney hemorrhages. Thus we succeed in producing a pathological picture similar to the multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS) lesions in a rat model by a mechanism similar to human biliary AP. This model could be useful in therapeutic studies and in further research in the field of pathogenesis of MOFS during AP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Achalasia, the Valsalva maneuver, and sudden death: a case report.

A 48 year old woman with no significant prior medical history was found dead by her husband in their home. The autopsy disclosed no anatomic reason for her death; however, the length of the esophagus was found to be massively dilated, with stenosis of the cardiac sphincter, and contained swallowed food material. Her husband disclosed that she had experienced difficulty in swallowing for over 10 years, and had to "strain" to move food into the stomach, although she had never consulted a physician regarding the problem. No gross or microscopic anatomic cardiac abnormalities were identified. The death was ascribed to a cardiac arrhythmia arising from the Valsalva maneuver, which she used to move her ingested food across the stenotic gastroesophageal juncture. The Valsalva maneuver, which increases the intrathoracic pressure by forcing expiratory effort against a closed glottis, has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias and rarely, sudden death. Lethal cardiac arrhythmias should be considered when sudden deaths occur in individuals with esophageal motility disorders, as well as in other situations where the Valsalva maneuver may have been used, and where no other anatomic cause of death is identified.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1994

[Antral vascular ectasia--"water-melon stomach". An overlooked cause of iron deficiency anemia?].

Antral vascular ectasia or "the watermelon stomach" (WS) is an endoscopically, histologically and clinically distinct entity. The term WS reflects the endoscopic appearance of longitudinal antral erythematous folds containing visible vessels radiating from the pylorus. Histological examination demonstrates characteristic features including dilated mucosal capillaries, focal thrombosis and fibromuscular hypertrophy of the lamina propria. The clinical picture is characterized by severe chronic iron deficiency anaemia, and failure to recognize WS has frequently delayed adequate treatment for several years. Antrectomy is a definitive cure. Both endoscopic laser- and sclerotherapy seem to be promising alternative methods in the treatment of WS.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed2006

Sonographic prenatal diagnosis of malpositioned stomach as a feature of uncomplicated intestinal malrotation.

Intestinal malrotation is a developmental anomaly affecting the position and peritoneal attachments of the small and large intestines during fetal life. Most often the diagnosis is established in the first year of life on the basis of abdominal pain and bile-stained vomiting secondary to bowel obstruction. The antenatal diagnosis can be suggested by identification of the complications such as bowel dilatation, ascites or meconium peritonitis. We describe two cases of isolated antenatal gastric malposition without any other associated anomaly that were confirmed after birth to be due to intestinal malrotation. We suggest that such an antenatal finding should alert the paediatrician to close clinical follow-up and prompt the diagnosis and surgical treatment in case of abdominal pain and/or bilious vomiting.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Modern management of achalasia.

The goals in the treatment of achalasia are threefold: 1) relieving the symptoms, particularly dysphagia and bland regurgitation; 2) improving esophageal emptying by disrupting the poorly relaxing lower esophageal sphincter (LES); and 3) preventing the development of megaesophagus. Although achalasia cannot be permanently cured, excellent palliation is available in over 90% of patients, especially those with pneumatic dilation and laparoscopic Heller myotomy. The efficacy for short- and long-term therapy seems to be similar when performed by experts. Pneumatic dilation done as an outpatient surgery disrupts the LES muscle from within by using balloons of progressively larger diameter (3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 cm). Repeat dilations may be required; secondary severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is rare, but approximately 2% of patients will have an esophageal perforation. A surgical Heller myotomy is now being done laparoscopically through the abdomen that cuts the LES and extends the myotomy 2 to 3 cm onto the stomach. Usually 2 days of hospitalization is required, and patients can normally return to work in 1 to 2 weeks. Severe GERD with esophagitis and peptic stricture is a common complication; therefore, most surgeons combine the myotomy with an incomplete fundoplication. Medical therapy is much less effective than these invasive procedures. Smooth muscle relaxants (nitrates and calcium channel blockers) taken immediately before meals improve dysphagia, but side effects and drug tolerance are common. The injection of botulinum toxin (100 to 200 units) endoscopically into the LES gives short-term relief of symptoms and improves esophageal emptying. This treatment is most effective in the elderly, as symptom relief can last up to 1 to 2 years with a single injection. Several studies suggest the most cost-effective management of achalasia is initial treatment with pneumatic dilation.

Journal Article↗