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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Antibiotics in the chemotherapy of amebiasis.

Amoebiasis is a widespread disease with high prevalence in tropical countries and environments with poor sanitation. The treatment of either intestinal and extra-intestinal localization of Entamoeba histolytica or encephalic lesions sustained by Acanthamoeba and Naegleria has been the object of a wealth of research. Antibiotics played a dominant role in this field. Their antiamebic activity is due either to direct action on the protozoan and/or inhibition of symbiotic bacterial flora. Presently they still are an important component of the therapeutic armamentarium but they are supplanted as drugs of first choice by synthetic compounds whose structure has been designed on the bases of studies on the mechanism of action of some antibiotics.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1984

Issues in clinical parasitology: the treatment of giardiasis.

Giardiasis is the most common pathogenic parasitic infection in the United States. The choice of a therapeutic agent for treatment of the infection is unclear; of the three drugs commonly used, metronidazole and furazolidone have been shown to be carcinogenic in animal studies, while quinarcrine causes frequent side effects. In order to evaluate the usefulness of these three drugs, eight randomized trials of effectiveness were evaluated. The trials suffered from unclear methods, variability in study populations and total dosage of medication used, inaccuracy in determining outcomes, and inadequate sample sizes. Both metronidazole and quinacrine were more effective than furazolidone (p less than 0.001), but quinacrine caused frequent side effects which may have been responsible for poor compliance. With regard to the carcinogenicity of these compounds, it appears likely that there is no large short-term risk from the use of metronidazole, but long-term follow-up studies have not been done and no clinical studies have been done regarding the risk of furazolidone or quinacrine. The lack of clear confidence in animal studies is evident in the fact that the Food and Drug Administration has approved ongoing studies with drugs related to metronidazole.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1982

[Acute liver failure--therapeutic aspects 1982].

Fulminant hepatic failure is a relatively rare disease. It develops in approximately 400 patients per year in the Federal Republic of Germany after viral hepatitis, toxic hepatitis or hypoxia of the liver. The mortality ranges between 80 - 90%. Therapy must start early. It consists mainly of intensive conservative care. Of the variety of invasive therapeutic measures only baboon liver perfusion and plasma exchange applied early in the disease seem to be of any benefit.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Control of fecal fermentation with paramomycin and metronidazole].

Using and old procedure to investigate fecal fermentation (FF), modified to make it quantitative a relation was recently found between exaggerated FF and meteorism. FF levels probable reflect the intensity of colonic fermentation. Consequently, it seems desirable to control FF to be able, then, to control exaggerated colonic fermentation in patients with meteorism. In the present communication, a report is made on the effect on FF levels, obtained with fecal samples from 22 patients with meteorism, exerted by the addition of: 1) an antibiotic, paramomycin, with a definite inhibitory capacity on coliform bacteria; 2) a chemotherapeutic agent, metronidazolee, with a definitive inhibitory capacity on anerobic bacteria; and 3) a mixture of paramocycin and metronidazole. Basal FF was normal in 12 out of 22 fecal samples, and exaggerated in the remaining 10 samples. In about all the samples - as well in the samples that rendered normal basal FF as in the samples that rendered exaggerated basal FF - the addition of paramomycin, of metronidazole and of paramomycin and metronidazole in combination significantly reduced the FF levels; and the reductions exerted by each of the additions were not significantly different among each other. Analyzing the obtained results, it was concluded: a) that fecal anaerobic bacteria are, very probably, the main agents of FF, while coliform bacteria only favour the action of the former; and b) that paramomycin, metronidazole or paramomycin and metronidazol in combination could be useful to manage patients with meteorism and exaggerated FF.

Adult↗