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PubMed1983

[A paper indicator system for the identification of Enterobacteria].

A paper indicator system has been developed in the USSR for the accelerated identification of vibrios and proposed for the identification of enterobacteria. This system consists of paper discs or strips impregnated with definite substrates (carbohydrates, polyatomic alcohols, amino acids, etc.) in combination with an indicator and stabilized with the polymer coating. Two kits for the identification of enterobacteria to the level of the genus (kit A for 9 tests) and to the level of the species (kit B for 25 tests) are presented.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1978

The use of resin-sprayed thin paper for urinary bladder regeneration.

Urinary bladder reconstruction using resin-sprayed thin paper was performed on four patients with either bladder cancer or tuberculosis. The paper was transurethrally removed after the bladder regenerated. Satisfactory results were obtained in three patients; the patient with a long standing tuberculous cicatrical contracted bladder, however, failed to regenerate the bladder with an adequate capacity.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Use of paper indicator systems for the rapid identification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Neisseria meningitidis and the genus Staphylococcus].

The possibility of using paper indicator discs with glucose, saccharose, lactose and urea, manufactured at the Gorky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, has been studied and the methods for the preparation of indicator discs with fructose, maltose, starch and sodium phenolphthalein-phosphate for the biochemical identification of C. diphtheriae, N. meningitidis and staphylococci have been proposed. The study of 395 C. diphtheriae strains, 98 N. meningitidis strains and 328 staphylococcal strains has shown that paper indicator systems are highly sensitive and specific, which makes it possible to recommend their introduction in laboratory practice for the rapid identification of the above-mentioned organisms.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of nucleic acids by bichromatic paper disk spectrophotometry.

The bichromatic paper disk spectrophotometry ultramicromethod developed in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology can be successfully applied to the study of viral and cellular nucleic acids. The main applications - succinctly presented in the review - refer to : the identification and spectral characterization of nucleic acids, their quantitative determination, the study of the helix - statistical coil transition, the evaluation of the degree of polymerization of single stranded polynucleotides, the study of the kinetics of chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis and the determination of RNase activity, e.g. in human serum, the demonstration of the interaction between nucleic acids and other molecules of biological interest (biopolymers, poly- and oligocations, etc.), the rapid characterization of the ion exchange capacity of chromatography papers and of a mobile phase of the water - alcohol - electrolyte type.

Chromatography, Paper↗
PubMed1982

Laboratory confirmation of phenylketonuria. Combined paper chromatography and "inhibition assay".

It is absolutely necessary to confirm any positive screening result for phenylketonuria by two or more independent procedures carried out on two or more different blood specimens before initiation of diet treatment. Details for a combined paper chromatography and "inhibition assay" of cut paper strips for positive identification of blood phenylalanine are given. This procedure correlates the partition between two solvents, the reaction to ninhydrin and the reaction in "inhibition assay".

Chromatography, Paper↗
PubMed1981

[Gas chromatographic determination of thiocyanate in vegetable and animal foods and in human serum following paper chromatographic separation (author's transl)].

Paper chromatographic separation of thiocyanate is the first step in determining non-bound thiocyanate in homogenized animal and vegetable foods and in human serum. The thiocyanate eluated from the paper chromatogram is brominated and then determined as cyanogen bromide using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron-capture detector. Interfering substances (mainly ethanol-unprecipitable protein components, amino acids and cyanide from glycosidic precursors) are eliminated by this procedure.

Chromatography, Paper↗
PubMed1980

Paper patch repair of blast rupture of the tympanic membrane.

An hotel explosion provided a need to treat five blast ruptured tympanic membranes in four firemen. Treatment consisted of early debridement and eversion of tympanic membrane flaps, Gelfoam to support these flaps and the placement of a paper patch for immediate closure of the drumhead defect and to provide a plane for epithelial growth. Pre and postsurgical audiometry demonstrate the immediate rehabilitation of conductive hearing in these patients. In all cases, immediate improvement in symptoms of aural fullness occurred. Tympanic membrane defects healed with minimal scarring in each case. Early debridement and paper patch repair are recommended for blast-ruptured tympanic membranes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Fluorometric micromethod for determination of arginase activity in dried blood spots on filter paper.

We describe a microfluorometric method for determination of arginase activity in dried blood spots on filter paper. The arginase in discs punched from such dried blood specimens is activated by preincubation with Mn2+ at 37 degrees C. After incubation with substrate at the same temperature, urea is determined fluorometrically by oxidation of NADH to NAD+ in a coupled kinetic reaction. We compare the results of this method with those of a colorimetric method involving liquid blood samples, and assess the stability of the enzyme in dried blood on filter paper. The presence of serum has no effect on the activity. This method may be useful in the early detection of arginase deficiency and certain hematological disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

beta-Lipoprotein quantitation in cord blood spotted on filter paper: a screening test.

We describe an electroimmunodiffusion technique for measuring beta-lipoprotein in cord blood spotted on filter paper. A series of cord-blood samples, taken from 916 consecutive live-birth infants, was spotted directly onto filter paper and assayed for beta-lipoprotein. Eleven had above-normal beta-lipoprotein. Of these 11, seven were tested two to six months later, along with their parents, for total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Five infants had increased cholesterol values, and four parents of these infants had either increased cholesterol or triglyceride values. We also measured beta-lipoprotein concentrations in 63 paired samples of dried cord-blood and three-day post-delivery blood specimens, routinely collected for phenylketonuria screening. We saw a significant correlation between results for the specimens, but detected no cases of increased beta-lipoprotein. beta-Lipoprotein assay in dried specimens of cord blood is simple, inexpensive, and potentially is useful in mass screening of newborns for familial type II and combined hyperlipidemia.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1980

Improved analysis for urinary polyamines by use of high-voltage electrophoresis on paper.

This method for assay of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) in large numbers of urine samples is based on preliminary analyte isolation by use of a Dowex 50W column, separation by high-voltage paper electrophoresis, reaction with ninhydrin to detect the separated amines, and subsequent direct assay with a dual-wave-length thin-layer chromatography scanner by the zigzag scanning method. By optimizing the conditions for the Dowex 50W column and high-voltage paper electrophoresis, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, and spermine were completely separated. The major technical improvements are room-temperature collection of urine with toluene, shorter hydrolysis time, complete separation of putrescine from cadaverine and histamine, and elimination of interference with spermine measurement. Polyamine concentrations as measured by this method agreed with those obtained by use of an amino acid analyzer. Reference intervals by this method were similar to those reported by Russell (Clin. Chem. 23: 22, 1977) with an automated amino acid analyzer. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine excretion in urine from patients with blood cancers and solid cancers was significantly increased; information on concentrations of putrescine and spermidine were especially useful for following the clinical efficacy of cancer treatments.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of moisture penetration through skin protectant barriers by paper chromatography.

Currently, there is no convenient and safe experimental method in the literature to evaluate skin protectant formulations for barrier properties. A novel and simple experimental method, based on paper chromatography, was developed to screen a broad spectrum of skin protectants available for moisture penetration. The method involves the use of paper chromatography for determining the Moisture Penetration Rate through a thin barrier film of a given skin protectant product. It is simple, inexpensive, convenient, and safe and was used to evaluate 12 products currently used as skin protectants. This method can be used by formulators in their development efforts and by caregivers to determine the barrier properties of various products in a short period of time without expensive instrumentation or extensive time commitments. Skin irritation resulting from fecal and urinary incontinence is a common problem for geriatric patients (Fiers & Siebert, 1993, Talbot, 1994). Various products on the market today are used as protective barriers to prevent skin irritation from moisture penetration. However, from the caregiver's perspective, there is a need for identifying the best product or the relative ranking of products based on suitable test methods. There is a lack of suitable in vitro test methods to screen skin protectant barriers (Guillemin, Murset, Lob, & Riquez, 1974; Pigatto, Bigardi, Legori, Altomare, & Finzi, 1993) on the market. For any method to be acceptable it must be convenient, simple, reproducible, and safe for use on human volunteers. More importantly, it must have clinical relevance.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1997

Clostridium perfringens toxins absorbed on filter paper--a simple method for sample conservation.

Clostridium perfringens type C and type D toxins were absorbed on filter paper, dried and stored at room temperature (18-20 degrees C), at 37 degrees C, at 4 degrees C and at -20 degrees C. Type specific toxin was correctly identified in the EIA for 74 days. Absorption on filter paper may offer a simple method for conservation and transport of post mortem samples from cases of suspected enterotoxaemia.

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

[Use of filter paper to identify antibodies against Myxovirus influenzae].

A total of 165 sera and 142 eluates from filtration papers impreggnated with whole blood were examined in reaction of complement fixation against A/Hong Kong 1/68 (H3N2) and B/Johannesburg 3/56 virus. To perform HIT 152 sera and 155 eluates were used. The results obtained were elaborated statistically. The method of filtration papers does not seem to be suitable for HIT, whereas the CFT was in several cases practicable.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1998

[Mortality in the French paper and pulp industry].

BACKGROUND: The objective was to describe a possible cancer mortality risk in relation with the occupational exposure within an International study co-ordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. METHODS: An epidemiological cohort study was set up to assess the mortality in four French pulp and paper companies. The four cohorts were followed up from January 1st 1968 to December 31st 1992. The causes of death were ascertained by matching with the national file of causes of death. RESULTS: The full cohort consisted in 5,529 men and 876 women. The total numbers of subjects deceased between 1968 and 1992 were respectively 708 and 34. Causes of death could be traced for 98%. The observed mortality was significantly lower than the expected for all causes of deaths (SMR = 0.86) as well for all deaths by cancer (SMR = 0.87). The analysis by departments showed an excess mortality by cancer of the pancreas in the wood preparation department (SMR = 3.14) as well as in the paper production department (SMR = 2.04). CONCLUSIONS: In absence of any prior hypothesis, it is difficult to assign an occupational origin to these observed excesses. The future results of the international study will enable us to interpret these results more precisely.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1997

A multidisciplinary approach using several biomarkers, including a parasite, as indicators of pollution: a case history from a paper mill in Newfoundland.

Several biomarkers are currently used to determine chronic exposure of fish to environmental contaminants. In studies to assess the effects of pulp mill effluent on winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus), body and hepatosomatic indices (HSIs), histopathology, levels of hepatic detoxifying enzymes, mixed function oxygenases (MFO), muscle acetylcholinesterase (Ache) and selected parasite abundance were compared in samples taken near a paper mill (sulphite-bleaching) and a number of reference sites. Our studies revealed a number of significant (P < 0.05) differences between samples taken near the paper mill and reference sites. Flounder captured at two locations near the mill were greater in length and weight, had elevated HSIs and more lesions in the liver and spleen while an acanthocephalan, Echinorhynchus gadi, located in the digestive tract, was lower than at more distant sites. Activity of MFO and Ache were similar at most sites and might be a reflection of the fish's foraging behaviour and consequently intermingling of populations from different locations during summer. These results support the view that several biomarkers should be utilised when assessing the health of fish living in habitats degraded by pollutants.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1998

Methodology and reports of systematic reviews and meta-analyses: a comparison of Cochrane reviews with articles published in paper-based journals.

CONTEXT: Review articles are important sources of information to help guide decisions by clinicians, patients, and other decision makers. Ideally, reviews should include strategies to minimize bias and to maximize precision and be reported so explicitly that any interested reader would be able to replicate them. OBJECTIVE: To compare the methodological and reporting aspects of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published by the Cochrane Collaboration with those published in paper-based journals indexed in MEDLINE. DATA SOURCES: The Cochrane Library, issue 2 of 1995, and a search of MEDLINE restricted to 1995. STUDY SELECTION: All 36 completed reviews published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and a randomly selected sample of 39 meta-analyses or systematic reviews published in journals indexed by MEDLINE in 1995. DATA EXTRACTION: Number of authors, trials, and patients; trial sources; inclusion and exclusion criteria; language restrictions; primary outcome; trial quality assessment; heterogeneity testing; and effect estimates. Updating by 1997 was evaluated. RESULTS: Reviews found in MEDLINE included more authors (median, 3 vs 2; P<.001), more trials (median, 13.5 vs 5; P<.001), and more patients (median, 1280 vs 528; P<.001) than Cochrane reviews. More Cochrane reviews, however, included a description of the inclusion and exclusion criteria (35/36 vs 18/39; P<.001) and assessed trial quality (36/36 vs 12/39; P<.001). No Cochrane reviews had language restrictions (0/36 vs 7/39; P<.01). There were no differences in sources of trials, heterogeneity testing, or description of effect estimates. By June 1997, 18 of 36 Cochrane reviews had been updated vs 1 of 39 reviews listed in MEDLINE. CONCLUSIONS: Cochrane reviews appear to have greater methodological rigor and are more frequently updated than systematic reviews or meta-analyses published in paper-based journals.

Meta-Analysis as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Mutation analysis of Gaucher disease using dot-blood samples on FTA filter paper.

FTA((R)) filter papers were used as an effective means of blood cell collection, genomic DNA processing, and delivery. Minute blood samples (<1 microL) were collected onto the filters via a simple lateral prick to the patient's finger, circumventing the need for intravenous blood puncture. Collected samples, which are stable at room temperature for several years, were subsequently sent through the postal system to the diagnostic laboratory, bypassing the stringent requirements of courier delivery. Using this method, we performed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and nucleotide sequence analysis on prevalent mutations among Canadian and Chinese Gaucher disease patients. Of the 12 alleles (six patients) analyzed, 42% (5/12) have the N370S mutation and 58% (7/12) the L444P mutation, the two most common alleles found among Jewish and non-Jewish Gaucher disease patients. Uniquely, a Chinese Gaucher disease patient was found to have an N370S mutation. Although the presence of the N370S mutation is regarded as common in other ethnic groups, previous to this report it had not been noted in an individual of Asian descent. PvuII polymorphism analysis showed that the N370S mutation found in the Chinese patient was linked to the Pv1.1(-) polymorphism, as has been previously seen in the Jewish population. The use of FTA((R)) filter paper facilitates access of samples to diagnostic centers, and therefore provides an effective means of performing population-based mutational analysis of Gaucher disease internationally.

Adult↗