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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A farming systems study of abortion in dairy cattle on the Atherton Tableland. 2. The pattern of infectious diseases.

The role of infectious agents on dairy farms on the Atherton Tableland in tropical north Queensland was studied as part of a comprehensive investigation into the causes of bovine abortion. The prevalence of antibody in serums collected from 7 herds whose annual abortion rates ranged from 3% to 21% were as follows: Leptospira hardjo 49.9% (426/853), L. pomona 0.4% (3/851), bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) 33.7% (35/104). Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) 11.5% (12/105), Akabane virus 92.2% (95/103), Aino virus 62.1% (64/103), Chlamydia psittaci 3.1% (37/1004), Brucella abortus 0% (0/851), and Toxoplasma gondii 0% (0/105). Testing of serums against a wide range of leptospiral serotypes indicated that reactions occurring in the Hebdomadis and Sejroe serogroups were probably cross reactions with L. hardjo. Infection with L. hardjo and Akabane virus occurred prior to first mating and contact with Aino virus occurred during first pregnancy. Infection with BVD and IBR viruses was sporadic. The pathology and microbiology of 32 aborted foetuses from 24 Tableland herds (10 from the group of 19 farms under more intense study) were performed. Lesions associated with a Sarcocystis-like agent were present in 6, leptospires in 1, suspected toxic hepatosis in 2 and purulent bronchopneumonia (Staphylococcus aureus) in 1 foetus. No diagnoses were made in the remaining 22 foetuses (69%). Evidence for a common infectious cause of abortion in the population was inconclusive.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1991

Serological assessment of chlamydial infection in the koala by a slide EIA technique.

A rapid and simplified slide enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) was developed for the diagnosis of chlamydial infection in the koala. HeLa 229 cells infected with koala strain Chlamydia psittaci were fixed on the surface of multiwell slides and used as the antigen. The assay consisted of first reacting koala antiserum with the fixed C psittaci antigen, followed by reaction with biotinylated rabbit anti-koala IgG, ABC reagent and substrate. The chlamydial EIA antibody titres obtained were compared with those of a complement fixation (CF) test using koala strain C psittaci as antigen. Of 35 koala sera tested, 16 CF positive sera (greater than or equal to 1:8) also had a positive titre (greater than or equal to 1:200) in the slide EIA test (sensitivity 93.8%, 15/16). Nineteen CF negative sera were also negative in the slide EIA (specificity 100%, 19/19). Sixty-eight samples of koala blood were collected by ear-prick using a sampling paper method and were assayed by both tests. Sensitivity of the slide EIA was 100% (15/15) and specificity of the test was 96.2% (51/53). To simplify the slide EIA for use as a practical screening test, a 3-point serum dilution series (1:100, 1:200, 1:400) was used. This 3-point slide EIA was compared with the CF test using sheep strain chlamydial antigen. Thirty-nine sera were assayed by both tests. The sensitivity of the 3-point method was 85.7% (6/7) and the specificity was 71.9% (23/32) as compared with the sheep antigen CF test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of an immunofluorescence test on direct smears of conjunctival and urogenital swabs taken from koalas for the detection of Chlamydia psittaci.

The Chlamydia-Cel Vet IF Test (CCVIT), a commercially available immunofluorescence test for use on direct smears of clinical specimens, was evaluated in a colony of 43 captive koalas. The test is based on a monoclonal antibody directed against the chlamydial common group specific lipopolysaccharide antigen. Swabs were taken from conjuncitva and penis or urogenital sinus and used for direct smear evaluation and cell culture isolation. Compared with isolation of the organism in cell culture, the CCVIT on direct smears of conjunctival swabs presented a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value (PV+) of 100% and a negative predictive value (PV-) of 97%. The CCVIT on direct smears of urogenital swabs presented a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 84%, a PV+ of 86% and a PV- of 89%. The overall sensitivity was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI] of 71% to 97%), the specificity 94% (95% CI of 84% to 98%), the PV+ 89% and the PV- 94%. It was concluded that the CCVIT on direct smears was suitable as a diagnostic screening test for the detection of Chlamydia psittaci in koalas.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Chlamydial infection in a colony of captive koalas.

Forty three koalas in a captive colony were investigated for the presence of Chlamydia psittaci infection and associated disease. Swabs were taken from conjunctivae and urogenital sites for cell culture isolation of C psittaci and for cytological examination (direct smears) for chlamydial inclusions and evidence of inflammation. On the basis of cell culture isolation, 28 samples from 25 koalas were positive for C psittaci (that is, infected). Three koalas were positive from both sites, 5 from conjunctivae alone and 17 from urogenital sites alone. Seven of the 8 koalas with positive conjunctival swabs had overt signs of conjunctivitis, but only 3 of the 20 koalas with positive urogenital swabs had overt signs of 'wet bottom' (continual urine soiling due to cystitis) or purulent discharge. However, 5 of the 20 with positive urogenital swabs had past episodes of 'wet bottom'. Moreover, examination of direct cytological smears showed evidence of inflammation (neutrophils) in 7 of 8 koalas with positive conjunctival swabs and 17 of 20 with positive urogenital swabs. Chlamydial inclusions were rarely identified with surety on direct cytological smears. In the 18 koalas without chlamydia, one had overt conjunctivitis while 2 had past episodes of conjunctivitis. The koala with conjunctivitis at the time of sampling had a prior history of 'wet bottom'. Examination of direct cytological smears revealed 2 of the chlamydial negative koalas had high numbers of neutrophils in urogenital smears. It was concluded that C psittaci infection may cause overt or sub-clinical disease, with the former developing when the koalas were stressed through management procedures or concomitant disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Chlamydiosis in workers at a duck farm and processing plant.

An outbreak of chlamydiosis was investigated in workers at a duck farm and processing plant during winter 1989. Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from ducks, but there was little evidence of clinical chlamydiosis in the ducks. Serological tests showed that 76% of workers had been exposed to infection, 12% recently, 16% had not been exposed and 8% had inconclusive test results. There was a strong association (P < 0.05) between years of employment and exposure to infection. Infection appeared to be contracted during the first year of employment. Measures were implemented to reduce shed contamination and control rodents and wild birds. At the same time, ducks were medicated, the processing plant was modified, work practices were altered and workers were advised about chlamydiosis to reduce the risk of human infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of the omp I gene of Chlamydia psittaci between isolates in Victorian koalas and other animal species.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare the strain of chlamydia causing genital infection in koalas from Victoria with isolates from other animal species. DESIGN: Polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis has been used to compare various Chlamydia psittaci isolates from a range of animals and disease syndromes. The isolates used in this study include isolates from three birds, three from aborted sheep, one from polyarthritis, one from bovine abortion, one from feline pneumonitis, three porcine isolates from faeces, polyarthritis and abortion, and three urogenital isolates from Victorian koalas. PROCEDURE: Two polymerase chain reactions were performed, each amplifying a different region of the omp 1 gene. The first polymerase chain reaction amplified a 144 bp segment of the gene which was then digested with the restriction enzyme EcoR I. The second polymerase chain reaction amplified a larger 1070 bp region of the omp 1 gene which was digested with two restriction enzymes Alu I and Nde II. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained have confirmed that variation in DNA sequence of various animal chlamydia isolates does occur. They have also shown that it is possible to classify isolates, based on their restriction enzyme profiles, into distinct groups.

Animals↗