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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Nephrobronchial fistula secondary to xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

We report a case of staghorn nephrolithiasis that evolved into xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with perinephric abscess, nephrobronchial fistula, and lung abscess. The patient was an intravenous drug abuser who tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus, without evidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. He presented with a 2-month history of untreated repeated episodes of left flank pain and hyperpyrexia. Treatment involved left nephrectomy, debridement of abscess, tube drainage, and intravenous antibiotics. The patient illustrates the need to consider untreated nephrolitiasis as a predisposing factor for pulmonary complications.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatobiliary complications in healthy, intra-abdominally infected, and high-output fistula rats receiving total parenteral nutrition.

This study examines the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary complications induced by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) by using animal models that underwent cecal ligation to produce intra-abdominal infection and received an enterostomy to mimic a high-output fistula, which causes the interruption of enterohepatic circulation of bile salt. Aspartate transaminase was elevated after TPN (p < .05). Alkaline phosphatase was increased in animals receiving TPN plus an enterostomy (p < .05). Serum albumin was significantly decreased in animals receiving TPN plus undergoing cecal ligation or enterostomy (p < .05). Liver weight and liver protein and water content decreased in animals receiving TPN alone (p < .05). Liver water content increased in animals receiving TPN plus undergoing cecal ligation (p < .05). Liver lipid content increased after TPN and to a significant degree in rats receiving TPN plus undergoing cecal ligation or enterostomy (p < .05). Bile flow diminished after TPN and to a level reaching significance in animals receiving TPN plus undergoing cecal ligation or enterostomy (p < .05). Reduction of bile flow, decrease of biliary cholesterol secretion, and increase of biliary bilirubin secretion, which may be the cause of TPN-induced bilirubinate stones, were most significant in animals receiving TPN plus undergoing cecal ligation (p < .05). In conclusion, TPN can induce hepatic dysfunction and bilirubinate stones, but these complications are more common in animals with associated intra-abdominal infection or high-output fistula.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1964

THE ROLE OF THE ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE IN THE CLEARANCE OF BACTERIA FROM THE LUNG.

Pulmonary clearance of bacteria was studied using histologic, bacteriologic, and radiotracer methods. When mice were exposed to an aerosol of P(32)-tagged Staphylococcus aureus or Proteus mirabilis, and the rate of disappearance of viable bacteria compared with the rate of their mechanical removal, it was found that bacterial viability declined 80 to 90 per cent in 4 hours, whereas radioactivity declined by only 14 to 20 per cent. The marked disparity in these rates indicated that mechanical removal comprised a relatively small fraction of the total clearing process. The in situ bactericidal action of the lung predominated over the mechanical removal process in achieving clearance of the inhaled bacteria. By immunofluorescent methods, the inhaled bacteria were found to be localized in the alveolar spaces and within alveolar macrophages. These observations suggest that the bactericidal action of the bronchopulmonary tree is due primarily to the phagocytic activity of the alveolar macrophages, and that the action of the mucociliary stream, in relation to bacterial particles, may be largely related to the transport from the lung of phagocytes containing material of bacterial origin.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1984

Ceftizoxime treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue infections.

Forty-seven adults with infected cutaneous lesions including decubitus ulcers, leg ulcers, cellulitis, pyoderma, and infected dermatitis were treated in a randomized single-blind study with ceftizoxime (2 gm/day, administered intravenously) or cefamandole (4 gm/day, administered intravenously). The duration of treatment ranged from five to 17 days with ceftizoxime and from six to 14 days with cefamandole. Both gram-positive cocci (mostly Staphylococcus sp) and gram-negative bacilli were cultured from the infected areas before treatment. Clinical and bacteriological responses to both drugs were excellent. Ceftizoxime at a dosage of 1 gm twice daily proved to be at least as effective as 1 gm of cefamandole given four times daily. Both drugs were well tolerated, effective, and safe in the treatment of skin and skin-structure infections. Neither drug therapy had to be discontinued because of adverse effects.

Adult↗