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PubMed1978

Relationship between plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and plasma triglyceride concentration in non-pregnant and pregnant Brazilian women.

Plasma concentrations of total, esterified and unesterified cholesterol, total phospholipid and triglyceride (TG) and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity were measured for 28 young non-pregnant women and for 31 young pregnant women from the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. During pregnancy plasma lipid levels and LCAT activity were successively increased and subsequently fell in post-partum samples. For both non-pregnant women and during each trimester of pregnancy and post-partum the activity of LCAT was significantly and positively correlated with the plasma concentrations of each lipid, the highest degree of correlation being found between LCAT and TG. No significant increase in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol occurred during pregnancy, and this parameter was not significantly correlated with LCAT activity in either pregnant or non-pregnant women. Instead low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was significantly increased in pregnancy and was significantly, positively, correlated with LCAT activity in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. The results emphasize the probable importance of LCAT in the metabolism of LDL and triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins, and pregnancy may provide a useful model for further studies of the physiological role of LCAT.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Plasma somatostatin and plasma glucagon in long-term IDDM without residual B-cell function. No effect of different long-term metabolic control.

To further study the elevated plasma somatostatin (SRIF)--and reduced plasma glucagon concentrations found in IDDM patients without residual B-cell function compared to normal controls, we investigated 39 such patients, randomly assigned to three different insulin treatment regimens; conventional therapy with two injections a day (CTh), insulin pump (CSII) and multiple injections (MI), for 1 year. They were given an arginine infusion (0.5 g/kg/20 min). The mean basal plasma SRIF values in the CTh, CSII and MI groups were 20.8 +/- 3.3, 18.6 +/- 1.8 and 20.6 +/- 2.8 pmol/l and the mean basal plasma glucagon values were 30 +/- 5.7, 19 +/- 2.3 and 27 +/- 4.7 pmol/l, respectively. Both SRIF and glucagon increased in all groups in relation to arginine infusion. For both hormones, the mean values were highest in the CTh group, lowest in the CSII group, although the differences were not significant. The mean HbA1 values for the last 3 months within the test were 10.0 +/- 0.5, 8.8 +/- 0.3 and 9.1 +/- 0.5%, respectively, in the same order as above. The CTh group had significantly higher HbA1 values than the CSII group (p less than 0.02). We conclude that small differences in long-term blood glucose control are of inconsiderable importance for the islet hormonal response to arginine found in IDDM without B-cell function.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Plasma cholesterol esterification and plasma lipoproteins in bile-duct-ligated dogs.

To study the lipoprotein changes in cholestasis while the capacity for plasma cholesterol esterification was normal, the common bile duct was ligated in dogs and plasma investigated 8 h and 48 h later. The plasma concentration of cholesteryl esters was slightly increased, concomitant with a tendency toward an increase in the activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). The content of cholesteryl esters in the main lipoprotein classes was normal. Marked alteration in the low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the high density lipoproteins (HDL) took place and were essentially similar 8 h and 48 h after bile duct ligation. In LDL, (density 1.006--1.019 g/ml) and LDL2 (density 1.019--1.063 g/ml) an increase in the content of polar lipids was observed, and in LDL2 heterogeneity in particle size was demonstrated by gelfiltration on 2% agarose and by electron microsopcy. Large myelin structures, flattened disc-shaped particles, and particles with the appearance of normal LDL2 were present. HDL isolated after operation was characterized by a decreased protein/lipid ratio and an increased content of phospholipids. By gelfiltration on Sephadex G-200 and by electron microscopy changes in particle size were observed, with the presence of disc-shaped particles with a tendency in form rouleaux. These results demonstrate that marked lipoprotein changes occur as early as 8 h after bile duct-ligation in dogs and indicate that a deficient LCAT mechanism is present in cholestasis even with normal or high plasma LCAT activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of interleukin-11 in seminal plasma and elevated IL-11 in seminal plasma of infertile patients with urogenital infection.

This study was conducted to confirm the presence of IL-11 in human seminal plasma, to show eventual differences between IL-11 concentration in fertile and infertile subjects, and to show if urogenital infection is a factor determining its elevation. Seminal plasma from 93 men obtained by masturbation was examined for the presence of IL-11 using an IL-11-specific sandwich ELISA. Semen samples were obtained from 93 men divided (1) into seven groups according to the etiological diagnosis of fertility and, (2) into two groups on the basis of normal or abnormal spermiogram. The correlation of amount of IL-11 in seminal plasma with some spermiogram parameters was statistically evaluated. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.0007) due to group infection of accessory genital glands, which presents the highest mean rank value as compared to all other groups. The group normal spermiogram had a mean value for IL-11 of 51.83, while the abnormal spermiogram was 66.30. This difference is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between IL-11 levels and the variables of the spermiogram. These findings demonstrate IL-11 to be in seminal plasma, and elevated IL-11 levels are detected in infertile patients with urogenital infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Relationships between sodium clearance, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, renal hemodynamics and blood pressure in essential hypertension.

Renal hemodynamics, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA) and sodium excretion were studied in essential hypertension. PAH clearance (CPAH) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were normal or increased in early hypertension and depressed at later stages, especially in malignant cases. The PAH extraction ratio was depressed only in patients with low CPAH values. CPAH did not correlate inversely with blood pressure in benign hypertension. Later reexamination of untreated patients revealed a decrease in CPAH, but no further increase in blood pressure. Antihypertensive treatment prevented the decrease in CPAH. Patients with essential hypertension showed no abnormality in basal sodium excretion, plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity and the sodium:aldosterone relationship. Basal sodium clearance did not correlate with GFR and the fractional sodium excretion was not pressure-dependent. When clearance determinations and measurements of PA and PRA were performed simultaneously under standardized conditions, PA and PRA were correlated inversely with CPAH and GFR. There was no relationship between PA or PRA and the blood pressure. Unless a defective release of renal prostaglandins and/or kinins could be shown to be responsible for the increase in systemic blood pressure, there is no evidence for a primary renal disturbance in essential hypertension.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1987

Comparative measurements of immunoreactive renin, plasma renin activity and angiotensin II in human plasma.

In human plasma samples we compared the values of renin activity, determined with a conventional enzymatic assay, with those of immunoreactive renin, determined with a new, direct immunoradiometric assay which employs highly specific monoclonal antibodies, and with those of angiotensin II; the comparative measurements of renin were carried out also in trypsin activated samples of nephric and anephric subjects. We found that, overall, there was a close relationship between renin activity and immunoreactive renin; however, this relationship was absent when the statistical analysis was restricted to plasmas with low or very low renin. We also found that, within a rather wide range of values, angiotensin II was more closely correlated with immunoreactive renin than with renin activity. Trypsin activation increased to a similar extent immunoreactive renin and renin activity in plasma of nephric and anephric subjects and, overall, the values of total renin obtained with the two assays were significantly correlated. The results of these comparative determinations indicate that, in general, the measurement of immunoreactive renin represents a valid alternative to that of renin activity and a reliable index of the activity of the renin-angiotensin system. In addition, studies with trypsin activation suggest that even in the anephric state human plasma contains an inactive enzyme convertible into an active form which has immunological properties similar to those of active renin.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1988

Effect of calcium blocking agent verapamil on blood pressure, ventricular contractility, parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus in plasma, catecholamines, corticosterone and plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

In four-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) the effect of a calcium blocking agent verapamil on blood pressure, ventricular contractility indices, parathyroid hormone (PTH), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma and adrenal corticosterone content and catecholamines in hypothalamus, myocardium and adrenal gland was evaluated. Calcium and phosphorus in plasma were also determined. Verapamil treatment resulted in a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a reduction in maximum left ventricular pressure. Verapamil exerted a negative inotropic effect, evaluated by a decrease in dP/dt max and dP/dt neg. PRA was elevated, calcium tended to decrease, and no changes in PTH and phosphorus were found. The hypotensive effect of verapamil in SHR was accompanied by a decrease in plasma and adrenal corticosterone content, and a fall in catecholamine concentration in adrenal glands and myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of genetic strain, calcium, and feed withdrawal on growth, tibial dyschondroplasia, plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, and plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in sixteen-day-old chickens.

Four experiments were conducted to study the effects of genetic strain, dietary Ca level, and feed withdrawal on growth, feed efficiency, tibia bone ash, tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), and plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3]. Experiment 1 used five strains and Experiments 2 to 4 used three broiler strains. A TD-inducing basal diet was used in each experiment. In Experiment 3, the birds were fed .60 or .95% dietary Ca, and in Experiment 4 the birds were fed the basal diet and were fed or deprived of feed for 8 h daily. In Experiment 1, Athens-Canadian Randombred and Single Comb White Leghorn chicks did not develop TD. In birds fed the basal diet alone, Peterson x Hubbard chicks had a significantly higher incidence of the most severe TD lesion than two other broiler strains in each experiment and were significantly lighter in BW in two of the four experiments. Of the three broiler strains, the incidence and average lesion score of TD was significantly higher in Peterson x Hubbard birds in Experiment 2 and was numerically highest in the other three experiments. In birds fed the basal diet, Peterson x Hubbard birds had significantly higher plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 in two of the four experiments. Both feed deprivation and .95% Ca increased bone ash and decreased the incidence and severity of TD. There were no significant differences in plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 among strains of birds deprived of feed or fed .95% Ca. In three of the four experiments, high plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 in Peterson x Hubbard birds was associated with an increase in the incidence and severity of TD.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Expression of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy on plasma vascular endothelial growth factor level.

AIM: To investigate the expression level of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (P-VEGF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relationship with the clinicopathologic characteristics, and to examine the changes of P-VEGF in the course of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were taken from 45 HCC patients before and 1, 3, 7 d, and 1 mo after TACE. Plasma VEGF level was measured with the quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty patients with benign liver lesions and 17 healthy control subjects were also included in this study. RESULTS: Plasma VEGF levels in HCC patients were significantly elevated as compared to those in patients with benign liver lesions (P = 0.006) and in the normal controls (P = 0.003). Significant differences were observed when P-VEGF was categorized by tumor size (P = 0.006), portal vein thrombosis (P = 0.011), distant metastasis (P = 0.017), arterial-portal vein shunting (P = 0.026), and International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM stage (P = 0.044). There was no correlation between plasma level of VEGF and the level of alpha fetoprotein (alpha-FP) (r = 0.068, P = 0.658) and weakly correlated with the number of platelets (r = 0.312, P = 0.038). P-VEGF levels increased significantly and reached the peak value on the first day after TACE, and then decreased gradually. The change rate of P-VEGF concentration (one month post-TACE/pre-TACEX100%) was correlated with the retention rate of lipiodol oil (r s = 0.494, P = 0.001) and the tumor volume change (r s = 0.340, P = 0.034). The patients who achieved a partial or complete response to TACE therapy showed significantly less pre-treatment P-VEGF than those nonresponders (P = 0.025). A high pre-therapeutic P-VEGF level was associated with poor response to treatment (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: A high pre-treatment P-VEGF level is a useful marker for tumor progression, especially for vascular invasion. TACE increases the level of P-VEGF only temporarily which may be associated with tumor ischemia. P-VEGF may be useful in predicting treatment response, monitoring disease course after TACE and judging the effect of different TACE regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Plasma homocysteine is weakly correlated with plasma endothelin and von Willebrand factor but not with endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in healthy postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, possibly through the induction of endothelial dysfunction. The postmenopausal state is associated with increased plasma homocysteine. We examined whether increased homocysteine is associated with impaired endothelial function. METHODS: Sixty-three hysterectomized but otherwise healthy postmenopausal women (54.8 +/- 3.5 years) participated in this study. Fasting total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) was measured as free plus protein-bound homocysteine. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring plasma concentrations of the endothelium-derived proteins endothelin (ET), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) as well as brachial artery flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (FMD). RESULTS: Plasma tHcy was 9.6 +/- 2.5 micromol/L. After adjustment for possible confounders, a 1 micromol/L increase in tHcy was associated with an increase in ET of 0.08 ng/L (P = 0.045) and an increase in vWF of 4.2% (P = 0.05). No statistically significant association was present between tHcy and PAI-1 or FMD. CONCLUSIONS: Increased fasting homocysteine in postmenopausal women may impair some aspects of endothelial function. It is of clinical interest to study whether homocysteine lowering can improve endothelial function and thus cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Plasma apolipoprotein L concentrations correlate with plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels in normolipidemic, hyperlipidemic, and diabetic subjects.

Apolipoprotein L is a newly recognized component of human plasma lipoproteins. Mainly associated with apoA-I-containing lipoproteins, it is a marker of distinct HDL subpopulations. In an effort to gain inference as to its as yet unknown function, we studied biological determinants of apoL levels in human plasma. The distribution of apoL in normal subjects is asymmetric, with marked skewing toward higher values. No difference was found in apoL concentrations between males and females, but we observed an elevation of apoL in primary hypercholesterolemia (10.1 vs. 8.5 microgram/mL in control), in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (13.8 microgram/mL, P < 0.001), combined hyperlipidemia phenotype (18.7 g/mL, P < 0.0001), and in patients with type II diabetes (16.2 microgram/mL, P < 0.02) who were hyperlipidemic. Significant positive correlations were observed between apoL and the log of plasma triglycerides in normolipidemia (0.446, P < 0.0001), endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (0.435, P < 0.01), primary hypercholesterolemia (0.66, P < 0.02), combined hyperlipidemia (0.396, P < 0.04), hypo-alphalipoproteinemia (0.701, P < 0.005), and type II diabetes with hyperlipidemia (0.602, P < 0. 01). Apolipoprotein L levels were also correlated with total cholesterol in normolipidemia (0.257, P < 0.004), endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (0.446, P = 0.001), and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (0.548, P < 0.02). No significant correlation was found between apoL and body mass index, age, sex, HDL-cholesterol or fasting glucose and glycohemoglobin levels. ApoL levels in plasma of patients with primary cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency significantly increased (7.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.47 +/- 0.27, P < 0.006).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Circulating plasma endothelin-1, plasma lipids and complications in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

UNLABELLED: The damage of endothelial integrity is an important step in the atherogenic process. To evaluate the role of circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), plasma ET-1 levels were evaluated in T1DM patients either with (n=9) or without hyperlipidaemia (n=11), or with (n=9) and without (n=11) late diabetic complications, in non-diabetic hyperlipidaemic patients (n=17) and in healthy volunteers. Groups were matched for age, sex and body mass index. RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were significantly higher in the diabetic group (p<0.05). Plasma ET-1 level was similar in controls and in non-diabetic hyperlipidaemic subjects (5.77+/-1.74 ng/l vs 4.97+/-1.58 ng/l); however, diabetic hyperlipidaemic patients had a significantly higher plasma ET-1 concentration compared to control subjects (6.67+/-2.44 ng/l vs 4.97+/-1.58 ng/l, p<0.05). Diabetic patients with vascular complications had a significantly higher plasma ET-1 concentration than found in diabetic patients without complications (6.99+/-2.17 ng/l vs 4.74+/-1.27 ng/l, p<0.01) and in controls (6.99+/-2.17 ng/l vs 4.97+/ 1.58 ng/l, p<0.01). Patients with diabetic complications also had a significantly higher apolipoprotein B level compared to healthy controls (0.94+/-0.37 g/l vs 0.66+/-0.12 g/l, p<0.005). CONCLUSION: The susceptibility of T1DM patients to the development of atherosclerosis might be attributed to the relationship between elevated lipid levels and ET-1.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma homocysteine measurement: a study of pre-analytical variation factors for conditions for total plasma homocysteine concentration].

An increase in homocysteine, a sulphur amino acid, is nowdays considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and is independent of other risk factors. Reference range for total plasma homocysteine level in adults is usually 5-15 mmol/l. Hyperhomocysteinemia is defined as a fasting total plasma homocysteine level > 15 mmol/l. There may be also graded increased risks for subjects with homocysteinemia from 10 to 15 mmol/l. However, no threshold has been defined, partly because of the lack of standardization in pre-analytical and analytical steps. The aim of the present work was to evaluate three pre-analytical parameters on plasma homocysteine levels: i) the influence of three anticoagulants (EDTA, sodium citrate and lithium heparin); ii) the delay period of blood sample on ice before centrifugation; and iii) the advantages of strong acidic citrate at room temperature. The mean concentrations of total plasma homocysteine were different in function of the anticoagulant. These differences (EDTA minus lithium heparin or EDTA minus sodium citrate) were less than 10% however the used methods and could explain the good correlation between the results. However we recommend to keep the anticoagulant constant in the same study. When EDTA blood samples were immediately put on crushed ice, the maximum delay period before centrifugation could reach 4 hours. If ice is unavailable, strong acidic citrate at room temperature is a good alternative until for 4 hours.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of human plasma HDL on the HDL receptors of plasma membranes of cholesterol-fed rabbit].

Atherosclerosis(As) rabbit model was developed by high-cholesterol feeding for 12 weeks. The rabbits were injected intravenously with human plasma HDL preparation per week, and then the effects of HDL on the lipids contents of serum, liver and bile nd the activity of HDL receptors on liver plasma membranes of cholesterol-fed rabbit were investigated. The results showed that HDL preparation had no effect on decreasing the lipids contents of serum, but it could low down the lipid depositions in liver, and promote the excretion of lipids from bile. The value of Bmax of HDL receptor showed decreasing trendy and the value of Kd showed increasing trendy in cholesterol-fed rabbits. In HDL-treated rabbits, the value of Bmax increased significantly as compared with that of normal group(P < 0.05), but the value of Kd showed no difference. The results suggested that human plasma HDL could enhance the activity of HDL receptors on the liver plasma membranes of cholesterol-fed rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of huanyuan injection on plasma endothelin and plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide in acute intracerebral hemorrhage].

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of Huanyuan injection in treating acute intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: Forty-five patients were divided into Huanyuan group and mannitol group who were treated with Huanyuan injection and mannitol intravenously for two weeks respectively. Meanwhile, the two groups were also treated with vitamin C, potassium chloride, etc, intravenously. Plasma endothelin (ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels were determined before and after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment for two weeks, changes of plasma ET and CGRP in mannitol group was insignificant (P > 0.05). Compared with the two treated group, There was obvious significance in plasma ET levels and CGRP content (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Therapeutic mechanism of Huanyuan injection in treating acute intracerebral hemorrhage were correlated to reduce plasma ET and raise the CGRP levels.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Plasma, liver and kidney folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations are poor response variables at very low dietary folate intakes, in a folate depletion/repletion rat model.

Folate depletion/repletion rat models are popular protocols for assessing the bioavailability of folate. Much of the early work carried out on folate bioavailability concentrated on foods naturally high in folate. However, foods low in folate often contribute significantly to folate intake because of their high consumption in the general population. Therefore, the assessment of the bioavailability of foods low in folate is essential to properly estimate folate intake. The present study investigated plasma, liver and kidney folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations as appropriate response variables for measuring folate bioavailability in the rat at very low dietary folate intakes. One hundred and one weanling male rats (Wistar strain) were fed a folate-deficient diet containing 1% succinyl sulfathiazole for 28 d. Following depletion, six rats were randomly assigned to each of 16 repletion diets containing folic acid, fortified white bread, unfortified wholemeal bread or unfortified rye bread calculated to provide 6.25, 12.5, 18.75 and 25 micrograms folate/kg of each diet. After a further 28 d, plasma, liver and kidney folate concentrations were determined by microbiological assay. Plasma homocysteine was measured by HPLC as a functional indicator of folate status. Only a weak correlation was found between the response variables measured and dietary folate intake, indicating that this folate depletion/repletion rat model is not suitable for testing the response of rats fed diets containing very low levels of folate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of gonadotropins in azoo and oligospermia. Relationship with spermatogenesis and plasma concentration of androgens (author's transl)].

Plasma concentrations and urinary excretions rate of gonadotropins, testosterone, delta 4-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and 17 and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone plasma concentrations have been studied in 69 patients with oligo or azoospermia and compared with results obtained in 30 normal control subjects. A sperm count and a caryotype have been done in all patients and a testicular biopsy in 35. Analysis of the histo-hormonal correlations does not show a particular stage of spermatogenesis associated with a modification in FSH production. There is a quantitative relationship between spermatogenesis and FSH production. Plasma testosterone is low and LH production normal in excretory azoospermia. In the other patients plasma testosterone is also low but associated with an increased production of LH. Finally there is a direct relationship between urinary excretion of LH and FSH in both normal subjects and patients, suggesting a modulation by specific factors of a common regulation of the secretion of both gonadotropins.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Direct injection of plasma to determine gliquidone in plasma using HPLC column switching technique].

An automated clean up and concentration method by column switching is described for the assay of gliquidone, a hypoglycemic agent, in plasma. The system uses Merck Lichroprep RP2 (25-40 microns) as short precolumn packing material for on--line clean up and concentration. A Shimpack CLC--ODS (5 microns) is used as analytical column. Water is used as the pretreatment mobile phase and a mixture of methanol--isopropanol--0.2 mol/L ammonium acetate solution (61:5:34) is used as the analytical mobile phase. The plasma is diluted with a solution of 0.2 mol/L acetic acid and injected directly on the precolumn. The low speed of 0.2 ml/min of pretreatment mobile phase during transfer of plasma sample on the precolumn can get recovery of 80.7%. The detection is at 310 nm and the detection limit is 30 ng/ml plasma. The procedure is simple and automatic.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗