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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The earliest form of C-protein expressed during striated muscle development is immunologically the same as cardiac-type C-protein.

A monoclonal antibody (C-315) specific for cardiac-type C-protein was prepared and, in combination with other antibodies specific for fast and slow skeletal muscle C-proteins, it was used to investigate the expression of C-protein isoforms in developing striated muscle cells in vivo and in vitro. During embryonic development of skeletal muscles, a C-protein recognized by C-315 appeared first but only transiently, it being replaced subsequently by two other isoforms recognized by the antibodies to slow and fast skeletal muscle C-proteins in a fiber-type specific manner as previously demonstrated (Obinata et al. (1984) Develop. Biol. 101, 116-124). In contrast, only cardiac-type C-protein was detected in cardiac muscle throughout the developmental stages. When myogenesis in vitro was monitored using the same antibodies, C-315 binding appeared first in multinucleated myotubes as in vivo which was followed by the sequential expression of two other C-protein variants. The reactivity of C-315 as well as that of anti-slow and anti-fast skeletal C-protein antibodies persisted during muscle development in culture. Thus, this study demonstrates that the earliest form of C-protein expressed in striated muscles may either be a cardiac-type isoform or a unique embryonic protein containing an epitope in common with the adult cardiac-type protein, and that transitions of C-protein isoform expression characteristic of each fiber-type occur during muscle development in vivo but not in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Decorin and collagen type I gene expression in avian low score normal pectoral muscle.

The avian Low Score Normal (LSN) genetic muscle weakness is phenotypically characterized by a reduction in the ability of the birds to right themselves from a supine position. Compared to normal skeletal muscle, LSN muscle has normal myosin isoform switching and cell-cell recognition, elevated glycosaminoglycan and decorin levels at embryonic Day 20, and a large increase in collagen crosslinking at 6 wk posthatch. To begin to determine the biological mechanism involved in the elevated decorin protein concentration at embryonic Day 20, the steady-state levels of transcripts encoding both decorin and collagen Type I at embryonic Days 14, 19, and 20, and at 1 d and 6 wk posthatch were measured. On embryonic Day 20, collagen Type I transcripts were not different from the control but there was a significant elevation in decorin transcript levels. At 1 d and 6 wk posthatch, transcript levels of decorin and collagen Type I were not different between LSN and controls. The change in decorin transcript steady-state levels is limited to late embryonic development and suggests an alteration in a signal transduction pathway regulating decorin transcription.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Dual plane breast augmentation: optimizing implant-soft-tissue relationships in a wide range of breast types.

In breast augmentation, surgeons usually choose a pocket location for the implant behind breast parenchyma (retromammary), partially behind the pectoralis major muscle (partial retropectoral), or totally behind pectoralis major and serratus (total submuscular). Each of these implant pocket locations has specific indications, but each also has a unique set of tradeoffs. When applied to a wide range of breast types, each pocket location has limitations. Glandular ptotic and constricted lower pole breasts offer unique challenges that often are not solved without tradeoffs when using a strictly retromammary, partial retropectoral, or total submuscular pocket. This article describes specific indications and techniques for a dual plane approach to breast augmentation in several different breast types, introducing techniques that combine retromammary and partial retropectoral pocket locations in a single patient to optimize the benefits of each pocket location while limiting the tradeoffs and risks of a single pocket location. A total of 468 patients had dual plane augmentation between January of 1992 and March of 1998 using the specific techniques of dual plane augmentation described in this article. All patients were treated as outpatients and received general anesthesia. Indications, operative techniques, results, and complications for this series of patients are presented. Dual plane augmentation mammaplasty adjusts implant and tissue relationships to ensure adequate soft-tissue coverage while optimizing implant-soft-tissue dynamics to offer increased benefits and fewer tradeoffs compared with a single pocket location in a wide range of breast types.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chest muscle activity and panic anxiety: a preliminary investigation.

This report represents a pilot investigation of the role of chest muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity in developing panic episodes. Chest EMG activity was obtained as part of a larger study examining ventilatory differences between panic sufferers and normal controls. Frontalis EMG, heart rate, and minute ventilation (breathing rate and tidal volume) were also obtained during the study. The ventilatory procedure involved exposing the subjects to three periods of carbon dioxide gas inhalations (1%, 3%, 5%; balance oxygen). Subjective measures of frightening cognitions and body sensations were obtained across the inhalation phases as well. The panic disorder subjects were divided, on the basis of subjective anxiety ratings obtained throughout the study, into high anxious (HA) and low anxious (LA) panic disorder groups. The HA panic disorder patients exhibited significantly higher chest EMG activity than the LA panic disorder patients and controls across all phases of the experiment. In addition, the chest EMG predicted, better than the other physiologic measures, the number of frightening cognitions and sensations reported by the subjects during the baseline and 5% CO2 inhalation phases. Overall, the results were supportive of the further study of chest wall EMG activity in the pathogenesis of panic attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reduced incidence of myopotential pacemaker inhibition by abdominal generator implantation.

Myopotential inhibition during permanent pacing with unipolar leads is a well-recognized clinical problem. A study was undertaken to determine if implantation of the generator in abdominal subcutaneous tissue instead of the conventional pectoral implantation site would reduce the incidence of this inhibition. Forty patients with either an abdominal (group A, n = 20) or a pectoral (group P, n = 20) generator implantation site were subjected to a standardized protocol of muscle provocation and 24-hour ECG. Pulse generators were programmed to the lowest sensitivity level (average, 2.0 mV). Pauses exceeding the stimulation interval were analyzed. During muscle provocation 85% of the patients in group P displayed inhibition, as against 5% in group A (p less than 0.001). During 24-hour ECG, the corresponding values were 95% and 15%, respectively (p less than 0.001). We concluded that abdominal generator implantation significantly reduces the incidence of myopotential inhibition in patients with unipolar pacemaker leads.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Muscle noise and interference behavior in pacemakers: a comparative study.

Inhibition of VVI pacemakers by muscle noise, though known since 1972, has attracted increased interest in recent years. More sensitive dual chamber atrial synchronized pacemakers have proved to be more susceptible to interference and will further enhance the effort at improving pacemaker resistance to interference of all kinds. To study the reaction of 16 pacemakers of 10 different manufacturers with respect to muscle noise, we stored a noisy episode on a 16-second endless loop tape. Each pacemaker was subjected to an identical muscle noise signal, with amplitude varied to reach the response threshold. The results are: The range of muscle noise thresholds consists of more than one decade, varying from 0.4 mV to 4.6 mV. Only 4 of 16 pacemakers remained unaffected if a noise signal of 3 mV maximum is assumed. In 11 out of 16 pacemakers, the threshold amplitude for muscle noise is lower than that for intracardiac electrographic signals which can be explained by a sensitizing mechanism caused by noise. Five pacemakers were so sensitive that even a sensitivity setting of 4 mV would not reject muscle noise. Filtering muscle noise, 50-Hz signals, and intracardiac electrograms with a 12 dB filter of variable upper cut-off frequency revealed that heart signals are always attenuated more than interference signals.

Electricity↗
PubMed1979

Dual innervation of end-plate sites and its consequences for neuromuscular transmission in muscles of adult Xenopus laevis.

1. Electrophysiological study of dually innervated end-plate sites was carried out in Xenopus laevis pectoral muscle fibres. End-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) and miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) have been recorded in Mg-blocked preparations. 2. The mean quantal content (m) of each e.p.p. at dually innervated end-plates was significantly smaller than the corresponding values obtained at singly innervated ones. At a given doubly innervated end-plate site the values of m tended to be inversely related, so that the compound value of m (obtained by adding them) was in the same range as that found in singly innervated junctions. These findings were taken to suggest the existence of an upper limit in the average amount of transmitter released at a synaptic site. 3. It was found that neither intermittent presynaptic conduction block, nor particular muscle fibre properties could account for the low values of m in dual end plates. The small size of the nerve terminals appears to be the most likely explanation. 4. The sensitivity to acetylcholine and muscle fibre electrical properties were investigated; no differences were found between fibres with sub- or suprathreshold e.p.p.s. 5. The nature of the factors responsible for this presumed small size of the nerve endings (competition between nerve endings for a limited synaptic space on the muscle membrane or reciprocal interaction between closely located terminals) as well as the possible origins of polyinnervation are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Histomorphologic findings in human expanded tissue].

Forty biopsies from 22 patients undergoing tissue expansion were examined histologically. Expanded skin demonstrated a generally unconspicious morphology of the epidermis, dermis and subcutis. Adnexal organs of the skin were preserved. Mean epidermal thickness was increased to 710 +/- 240 microns compared to 624 +/- 215 microns in the controls. The tissue expanders were bordered by a richly vascularized connective tissue capsule with a very variable mean thickness of 795 +/- 712 microns. These histologic findings in human tissues support experimental evidence for a real increase in tissue by expansion.

Adolescent↗