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PubMedDate not supplied

Craniofacial features associated with amelogenesis imperfecta.

Craniofacial alterations occur with increased frequency in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). The purpose of this study was to characterize the craniofacial features associated with AI in families from the US. Twenty-seven people with AI and 14 unaffected family members from nine separate kindreds were evaluated. The diagnosis was established by history, clinical, and radiographic examination, and histological and or biochemical analysis of enamel. The kindreds were generally classified as hypoplastic AI (HPAI), hypocalcified AI (HCAI), or hypomaturation AI (HMAI) and then further subclassified based on phenotype and mode of inheritance. Linear and angular cephalometric measures were converted to z-scores using gender/age matched values from the Bolton and Behrent's standards. Statistical analyses included t-tests and ANOVA accepting P < or = 0.05 as significant. The vertical dimension of the lower face was significantly increased (ANSMe; P = 0.001), especially in affected individuals compared with unaffected relatives, in all kindreds with HCAI and HMAI but in only one kindred with autosomal recessive rough AI. Clinically, an anterior open bite (overbite < 0 mm) was observed in 26% of all dentate individuals with AI and none of their unaffected relatives. Skeletal morphology was highly variable depending on the AI type and kindred. While this study shows an association of altered craniofacial morphology with certain AI kindreds, the relationship of the AI genotype to the observed malocclusions remains to be defined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Jaw and dental abnormalities in children with cerebral movement disorders].

The dentitions of 146 children with cerebral palsy showed a high incidence of gnathic anomalies. There was, however, no relation between these anomalies and the severity of the neuropathological findings. Also the total number of anomalies was almost evenly distributed among the various clinical pictures such as spasticity, athetosis, ataxia. Although combinations of the individual anomalies were found most frequently, marked protrusions of the upper jaw were particularly impressive with 55%, and were followed by class II malformations (47%). In addition, almost every third tested child had an open bite.

Ataxia↗
PubMed1999

An unusual treatment with sagittal split osteotomy: report of a case involving an odontoma.

Sagittal split osteotomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical techniques in the world and has been modified by many authors. The efficacy of this operation has been studied by many groups. When performing this surgery, there should be adequate contact of wide, cancellous bone surfaces, which guarantees excellent and rapid bony union in the desired position. In the present article, treatment of mandibular prognathism with open bite by sagittal split osteotomy with an odontoma in the third molar area is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Condylar resorption 2 years following active orthodontic treatment: a case report.

We recently treated a patient with degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint. A healthy, 12-year-old female with bilateral high maxillary canines presented for orthodontic treatment. Two years after active orthodontic treatment, at age 17, symptoms in her temporomandibular joint manifested and progressed. By the time she revisited our hospital at age 21, the patient had developed an anterior open bite with a long, slender facial appearance. Cephalometric analysis showed shortening of the ramus and backward and downward rotation of the mandible. Imaging studies revealed severe deformity and resorption of the bilateral condyles. Her occlusal and morphologic changes seemed to be caused by degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Hereditary enamel dysplasia. Therapeutic approach apropos of 2 cases].

Two cases of hereditary dysplasia in the same generation of a family are presented. The genetic line is suggestive of a dominant transmission. The therapeutic attitude in each case: --Orthodontic, endodontic and prosthetic rehabilitation in the 1st case. At the patient's strong urging, a total fixed denture was made, which made it possible to correct moderate protrusion of the incisors and to obtain the aesthetic result desired by the patient. This work was carried out in the Stomatological Clinic of Lyon, by students working for their specialty certificate in stomatology. --In the case of the younger sister, the presence of a markde skeletal open-bite and the refusal of any surgical solution led to the total extractions requested by the patient. A mobile denture was made by her own dentist. Thus complete assessment and knowledge of the patient's precise wishes make it possible to adopt the most desirable therapeutic approach in each case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in a patient with long face: a case report.

The primary characteristics of long face patients are gummy smile and/or anterior open bite. Consequently, correction of esthetic and functional problems are especially important for long face patients. Since orthodontic therapy alone is not sufficient to solve the problem, orthognathic surgical approach is indicated for these patients. In this report, orthognathic surgical therapy of a severe long face patient with similar findings was presented. Following clinical and cephalometric examination and preoperative orthodontic therapy, a Le Fort I osteotomy, a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, and vertical and horizontal reduction genioplasties were performed. Alternative surgical therapies, complications, and the effects on the upper respiratory tract are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Class II mechanics and overbite].

Class II mechanics are supposed to affect the vertical balance of the face when they are used in hyperdivergent patterns. We carried out a study about class II mechanics effects on 100 patients; 50 of them are hyperdivergent (GoGn/SN > or = 37), and 50 non-hyperdivergent. They all were treated with an Edgewise appliance without any high pull head gear. The authors showed that GoGn/SN angles and Occ/SN tend to be lessened in a skeletal open-bite population. Thus, Class II mechanics can be prescribed in any vertical facial pattern.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2000

The predictability of inferior medial canthus as a stable external vertical reference point in maxillary repositioning surgery.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictability of using the inferior medial canthus as a stable external reference point for establishment of the vertical dimension in maxillary orthognathic surgery. Ten consecutive patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion and open bite who underwent orthognathic reconstructive surgery were included in the study. Prediction tracings were completed preoperatively and superimposed on an immediate postoperative lateral cephalometric radiograph. In 7 patients, the vertical positioning of the maxillary incisal edge on the immediate postoperative lateral cephalometric radiograph showed no difference from the superimposed preoperative prediction tracing. One patient showed 1 mm difference and 2 patients showed 2 mm difference from the preoperative prediction tracings. All cases resulted in acceptable maxillary incisal exposure relative to upper lip stomion. It is concluded that the inferior medial canthus can be used as a reproducible external vertical reference for orthognathic surgery when the technique described herein is used.

Centric Relation↗
PubMed2000

Predictability of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery using "piggyback" intermediate splints.

Ten consecutive patients underwent bimaxillary surgery including segmental Le Fort I and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomies. All 10 patients were symmetric skeletal Class II malocclusion with an anterior open bite. Asymmetry cases were excluded. Dimensional changes depicted on the cephalometric prediction tracing were reproduced in the model surgery and then transferred to the patient during the operative procedure using a "piggyback" intermediate splint. All dimensional changes, except vertical, were transferred from the model surgery to the patient intraoperatively by using a "piggyback" intermediate splint. The accuracy of this transfer and final skeletal result was examined. All the data clearly showed that in no case was any discrepancy greater than 2 mm, which demonstrates the predictable results that can be achieved by using a "piggyback" intermediate splint in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2000

[Early orthodontic treatment, a diagnostic challenge].

This article investigates which growth anomalies require early orthodontic interception, that is before the age of 9 years. The diagnosis should be established at three levels: the skeletal jaw relationship including the facial profile, dental space problems determined by the apical base area, and function. Rather than to advise on mechanotherapy emphasis is placed on improvement of diagnostic skills because, contrary to therapy, making a diagnosis cannot be delegated. The analysis at the three diagnostic levels shows that only a limited number of situations demand early treatment. Among these are a negative overjet, a cross-bite, open mouth posture, and sometimes a space maintainer after extraction of deciduous molars. Special precautions are required when front teeth become ankylosed at an early age after trauma. In case of doubt the general practitioner is advised to seek orthodontic counseling from a specialist.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

[Long-term stability of orthodontic treatment].

Aim of this study was to assess long-term stability of orthodontic treatment in a sample of 1016 patients until 10 years postretention. Treatment outcome was measured with the PAR-index at 6 different stages. The mean age of the patients was 12.0 +/- 3.1 year at the start of treatment to 26.3 +/- 2.9 year 10 years postretention. The results show that 67% of the orthodontic treatment result, as measured with the PAR-index, was maintained 10 years postretention. The PAR-scores for the midline and the open bite remained about the same over the years. However, the scores for the lateral occlusion, overjet, reversed overjet, overbite, and contact point displacement of the upper and lower front teeth increased gradually over time. Nearly 50% of the total relapse took place the first two years after retention. The largest change was found for the position of the lower incisors. Ten years postretention their position was even worse than at the start of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Oral health status of kindergarten children in a medium-sized German town near the Czech border.

A cohort examination was performed to investigate the oral health status of 215 kindergarten children in a medium-sized German town near the Czech border. Despite an extensive campaign involving information events and discussions, only 130 of these children could be recruited to participate in the study. They showed a mean caries rate of 50%, which was up to 60% among the 6-year-olds. These findings clearly fall short of the WHO goals for 2000 and indicate that the geographic area covered by the study has a significant oral health deficit. The study also showed a particularly high prevalence of carious defects in a small number of children. The posterior occlusal relations were normal in 90.8 percent of cases. Deformations of the os maxillare (open bite due to finger sucking) were found in 20% of the 4 year group, in 2.3% of the 5 year group, and in 13% of the 6 year group.

Child↗
PubMed2001

[Orthodontic abnormalities of deciduous and permanent occlusion].

The aim of this study was to examine the trend in orthodontic anomalies for the period from primary to permanent dentition. 246 examinees (132 boys and 114 girls) with orthodontic anomalies were examined for the first time at the age of 4.5-5.5. These examinees were reexamined by the same orthodont at the age of 12.5-13.5. No orthodontic procedures were performed with the children in the meantime. From the period of primary to permanent dentition, 16.3% of orthodontic anomalies developed into eugnathia. During this period, the incidence of Class II Division I anomalies, premature tooth loss and open bite significantly decreased, and the incidence of Class II Division 2 and crowding increased. From primary to permanent dentition 63.4% orthodontic anomalies altered, and 36.6% remained with a stabile diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caries prevalence, oral hygiene and orthodontic status of Saudi Bedouin children.

The objectives of the study were to determine caries prevalence, oral hygiene and orthodontic status of Bedouin children in a desert around Al-Qasseem Region of Saudi Arabia. One hundred and fifty three children were examined for caries, oral hygiene and orthodontic status with mirror and explorer utilizing natural light. These children were divided into two groups for analyses. The primary dentition group consisted of 77 children, 39 (50.6%) male and 38 (49.4%) female with a mean age of 4.0 (+/- 1.4) years. The mixed dentition group consisted of 76 children, 67 (88.2%) male and 9 (11.8%) female with a mean age of 9.7 (+/- 2.9) years. In Primary dentition group, 16 (20.8%) children were caries positive and mean DMFT was 0.91 (+/- 2.42). There was a highly significant relation (p < .001) between oral hygiene and caries. In the mixed dentition group, 15 (19.7%) children were caries positive. The mean DMFT and DMFT scores for these children were 0.72 (+/- 1.96) and 0.74 (+/- 1.48) respectively. There was a significant relation (P > .01) between oral hygiene and caries. One hundred and fifty one (98.6%) children had class I molar relation and 2 (1.4%) children had class II molar relation. Anterior open bite, anterior crossbite and posterior crossbite were found in one case (0.7%) each. The caries experience of these Bedouin children was low both in terms of prevalence and severity. There was a significant relation between oral hygiene and caries. The orthodontic problems were almost nonexistent in the study population.

Arabs↗
PubMed2002

Dentofacial characteristics in Apert syndrome: a case report.

Apert's syndrome is a developmental malformation characterized by craniosynostosis, a cone shaped calvarium, midface hypoplasia, pharyngeal attenuation, ocular manifestations and syndactyly of the hands and feet. The prodromal characteristic for the typical craniofacial appearance is early craniosynostosis of the coronal suture, cranial base and an agenesis of the sagittal suture. These craniofacial characteristics predispose the patient to maxillary transverse and sagittal hypoplasia with concomitant dental crowding, a pseudo cleft palate and a skeletal and dental anterior open bite. A case of Apert syndrome is presented with special emphasis on craniofacial characteristics and multidisciplinary approach to treatment. The differences between Apert and Crouzon's syndrome are highlighted.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed2002

Osteogenic distraction and orthognathic surgery to correct sequelae of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint: a case report.

A 17-year-old female patient presented with sequelae to ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint, which included vertical maxillary protrusion, anterior open bite, labial incompetence, micrognathia, undefined neck angle, facial asymmetry, Class II molar relationship, and Class III canine relationship. She presented with the following cephalometric and soft tissue data: SNA angle = 78 degrees, SNB angle = 70 degrees, incisor-nasion-point A = 11 degrees, incisor-nasion-point B = 33 degrees, Frankfort-mandibular plane angle = 43 degrees, occlusal plane = 25 degrees, subnasale-stomion = 20 mm, stomion superius-stomion inferius = 9 mm, stomion inferius-soft tissue menton = 30 mm, neck angle = 144 degrees, and chin projection = 10 mm. Orthognathic surgery and mandibular osteogenic distraction were employed, specifically Le Fort I osteotomy to decrease a vertical excess of 12 mm, augmentation genioplasty of 17 mm, and bilateral extraoral distractors of bidirectional vector for a 14-mm augmentation of the mandible. The result was satisfactory with minimal adverse complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The pattern of malocclusion among orthodontic patients seen in Dental Centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

The aim of this study was to analyse the malocclusion pattern among patients who presented for treatment in the Orthodontic Unit of the Dental Centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan, as baseline data for proper treatment planning, teaching and further research. A total of 289 subjects aged 5-34 years with mean age of 10.6 +/- 1.5 (S.D.) years were seen. Angle's classification of molar relationships among those seen is as follows: class I - 76.5%, Class II - 15.5% and Class III - 8.0%. There was increased overjet in 16.2% of the patients, reduced overjet in 0.7% while 2.1% had reversed overjet. Other occlusal abnormalities included: increased overbite (3.8%), reduced overbite (1.4%); anterior open bite (5.2%; crossbite (8.4%) and scissorsbite (0.6%). Crowding, spacing and retained primary incisors constituted 29.7%, 1.4% and 40.1%, respectively. Delayed eruption of canine (1.0%), Bimaxillary protrusion (0.7%), incompetent lips (0.7%), supernumerary teeth (0.7%) malformed tooth (0.3%), mandibular deviation on closure (1.0%) and oral habits (4.5%) were other forms of malocclusion diagnosed. Males were found to have significantly more of classes II and III molar relationships than females (P < 0.05). Occurrence of retained primary teeth as well as overjet deviations from normal were significantly higher in females (P < 0.05). No significant sex differences were found in the other occlusal disorders (P > 0.05): The findings were comparable with previous epidemiological surveys in other parts of the country.

Adolescent↗