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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Norbert Elias, maritime supremacy and the naval profession: on Elias' unpublished studies in the genesis of the naval profession.

In 1950 Norbert Elias published the first of three studies on 'The Genesis of the Naval Profession' in the British Journal of Sociology. At the time Elias was not the established scholar that he was to become in later days. In the 1950s his work on the 'Naval Profession' was not well received by the audience, even though all the major themes of the 'civilizing process' were interwoven in the article. The other two studies were never published in English journals (only one was published in a Dutch journal but received no international attention). A perusal of the Norbert Elias Archive in Marbach am Neckar in Germany--shows that the 'Naval Profession' project is larger than the intended three part series of articles for the BJS. From an outline to the project found in the archive it can be concluded that Elias intended to write a book with six to seven chapters. The key to the studies is a sketchy theory of institutions, which states that conflict promotes institutional development. Through the conflict between two occupational groups, sailors and soldiers, the naval officer becomes institutionalized as a new profession. During the period this process takes place England acquires maritime supremacy, secures the passages to the colonies and becomes an empire.

Colonialism↗
PubMed2004

[Public health nurses: a profession under construction].

In France, the Training Institutes for Nursing Care (IFSI) primarily prepare individuals for care providing occupations. Thus nurses practicing in the field of public health are non-practicing care providers since their recruitment is solely based upon the criteria of having a State Nursing Diploma (DE) at the end of their initial training. If one admits that public health is scattered and dispersed in France, then the situation for nurses is as much so and on many levels. Assignments only slightly formalised, and a lack of regulation and heterogeneous training compromise the legibility of this profession which nevertheless strongly exists in fact in practice. This remark is notably illustrated in the situation of DDASS and DRASS nurses. State bureaucrats, equipped with their one experience in care provision without any specific supplementary training, they work with the health administrators and the multidisciplinary teams to implement national public health policies. They are few, geographically and operationally isolated, and many of them follow training courses with are often restrictive in nature due to the fact that they take their personal time to do them. These are the main elements of the analysis of position announcements and different work being done within the professional network in the field, issued following a study conducted by the National Association of Public Health Nurses (ANIDESP) in 2002, and further enhanced by the conclusions of a seminar held in March 2003 at the Ministry of Health. The framework of a newly formed reference, missions in abeyance of formalisation and the establishment of a training programme, these are the main supporting points of the different proposals that the authors are making to the Health Directorate, and the Personnel and Budgeting Departments of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1995

Occupational injuries, illness affect 1 in 13 Canadians.

One in every 13 Canadian workers has experienced a work-related illness or injury, federal data indicate. Occupational-health clinics in Ontario report a growing number of cases of sick-building syndrome, repetitive-strain injury, asthma and chemical exposure, as well as injuries related to the use of construction equipment. In the past the medical profession assumed that men incurred most work-related injuries, but today, says an occupational-health specialist, "work-related illness and injuries are just as likely to happen to women or to white-collar professionals."

Canada↗
PubMed1994

Sex differences in aggression: social representation and social roles.

Previous research suggests that men hold an instrumental social representation of aggression in which aggression is viewed as a functional interpersonal act aimed at imposing control over other people while women view aggression in expressive terms as a breakdown of self-control over anger. The present study examines the relative contribution of gendered personality differences (communality-agency) and occupational role in accounting for these differences. Men and women in the armed forces and nursing profession completed the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ: Spence & Helmreich, 1976) together with a psychometric measure of their tendency to view aggression as expressive rather than instrumental (Expagg: Campbell, Muncer & Coyle, 1992). The results indicate that occupational role and sex are both important correlates of individuals' representations of aggression. Though agency showed a significant negative zero-order correlation with expressive aggression, the impact of gendered personality traits was diminished when occupation and sex were taken into account. The data strongly support social role theory's emphasis upon contemporaneous occupational factors in explaining sex differences in the understanding of aggression but are less supportive of the role of masculine and feminine personality traits.

Aggression↗
PubMed1988

Cross-sectional epidemiological study on neurotoxicity of solvents in paints and lacquers.

In a multi-disciplinary retrospective study we examined 105 house painters employed for at least ten years (median 27 years, range 10-36 years). Fifty-three workers from various professions (non-painters), who were matched with regard to age, occupational training and socio-economic status served as the control group. In both groups no cases of a clinically manifest polyneuropathy or encephalopathy were found. The neurophysiological examinations (EEG and NCV-measurement) showed no differences in painters and controls that would indicate adverse effects of organic solvents. There were no cases with neuroradiological findings of a diffuse cerebral atrophy. Furthermore the evaluation of certain brain structures (ventricular diameter, cella media index) of the CAT films did not reveal any significant differences. In the neurobehavioral tests significant differences in the results were only found in the subtests "change of personality" and "short term memory capacity" in a subgroup of painters with repeated prenarcotic symptoms at the workplace. Ambient air monitoring measurements at 30 representative workplaces showed that the concentrations of the main components of the solvent-mixtures were well below the MAK-values. The results of the "Erlangen Painter Study" does not confirm former epidemiologic findings from other countries, mainly Denmark. However, there are some aspects, such as minor solvent exposure in German house painters, insufficient diagnostic and etiological procedures as well as misclassifications which may explain the different experiences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Is there a role for higher education in preparing nurses?

Nurse education is now almost wholly situated within universities internationally. However, issues such as the necessity of higher education for what is seen as a practical occupation and the question of whether or not nursing is a profession arise. Newman viewed universities as places where training was given but character was also formed and self-awareness was developed through exposure to a wide range of disciplines and this type of education has helped to shape other professions. If nursing fulfills the criteria for a profession then it requires nurses to be properly educated in higher education. Poor media images of nursing, opposition from within and outside of the profession and poor funding for research, especially in the UK, where most nurses still do not enter the register with a degree, mean that the place of nursing in higher education remains on the periphery. Nurses must be competent to practice and higher education is not incompatible with the development of competent practitioners. However, higher education should take competent practitioners to a higher level whereby they become capable: able to respond appropriately in unfamiliar situations and to unfamiliar events. This paper argues for the role of higher education for nurses in terms of developing capability.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

[Dental professionals in the future: flexible team players. The vision of dental professionals on future professional structure and occupation].

The project 'From care-demand for care to a social dental occupational and educational structure' was carried out to reach an agreement about the organization of the future social occupational and educational structure and the future performance of one's profession. A descriptive analysis of data, obtained by literature search and consensus-meetings was used. All relevant professional associations participated in this project. The project resulted in profiles for the future dental professionals and for the future dental team. In this project the dental professionals come to an agreement about the future professional performance. However, the discussion has not yet been finished. Further collaboration between the professional associations is recommended.

Dentistry↗
PubMed1980

Cigarette smoking by New Zealand doctors: results from the 1976 population census.

In the 1976 New Zealand population Census, 3584 male and 505 female doctors aged 25 years and over responded to a question on cigarette smoking. Twenty percent of men and 17% of women doctors smoke cigarettes regularly compared with 40% of men and 30% of women in the general population over 25 years. Cigarette smoking by male doctors has fallen from 37% in 1963 to 20% in 1976. There has been a minor increase by women doctors since 1972. Obstetricians smoke more heavily (27%) than other specialty groups but have reduced their smoking since 1972. Male physicians have the lowest rate of smoking (16%). About one in four of those in other professions are cigarette smokers compared with about half those in other occupational groups such as labourers, transport and service workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Allied health workforce shortages: the systemic barriers to response.

Over the last decade, the increasingly severe workforce shortages developing in some allied health professions have drawn the attention of university, government, and institutional researchers and policymakers. A 1991 American Hospital Association survey shows allied health professions dominating the "vacancy rate" list, with physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) at the top. Separate surveys have documented growing shortages in the OT and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) areas. According to a recent survey by the South Carolina Hospital Association, hospital vacancy rates in OT and PT are particularly severe, but there are also significant shortages in the CRNA and Medical Technologist (ASCP) subfields. The imperatives of cost containment are increasing the demand in South Carolina and elsewhere for rehabilitative and outpatient care provided by many allied health professionals, but there is growing concern that the educational system will not be able to respond adequately to these growing workforce needs. These predictions of growing shortages are further confirmed by recent occupational forecasts issued by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Allied health researchers do not completely agree on the reasons for the development of subfield shortages, or on how severe they really are. Improving alternative career prospects for females low public and professional images, and employee burnout, among other factors, have been suggested. A survey of the allied health literature shows four additional broad areas of investigation.

Accreditation↗