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At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

A randomized controlled trial of spiritual healing in restricted neck movement.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of visiting a spiritual healer in restricted neck movement. DESIGN: Pragmatic randomized controlled trial. SETTING/LOCATION: Spiritual-healing clinic in Aberdeen, Scotland. SUBJECTS: Sixty-eight (68) volunteers over the age of 18 years with restricted neck movement not currently receiving spiritual healing. INTERVENTION: Three weekly sessions of spiritual healing treatment lasting approximately 30 minutes each. Control group received normal care (no spiritual healing). OUTCOME MEASURES: Range of neck movement in three directions. Visual analog scales of pain and overall well-being, Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey general health questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Chronic Pain Grade were also measured. RESULTS: After treatment, the change from baseline in rotation and flexion-extension was significantly greater in the treatment group compared to the control group (mean standard deviation [SD]: 26.3 degrees (21.0 degrees) versus 2.1 degrees (15.1 degrees), p < 0.001 and 20.7 degrees (23.0 degrees) versus -0.03 degrees (15.2 degrees), p < 0.001, respectively). Subjects from the treatment group were also observed to have reduced their pain severity scores after 3 weeks of treatment compared to those of the control group (median change from baseline [range], -2.25 [-8, 2] versus 0 (-6, 4), p = 0.03). For SF-36, the treatment group had significantly improved their scores more than the control group for physical function and energy and vitality. There was a shift in the treatment group toward milder chronic pain grades but this was not significant. There were no significant differences between treatment and control groups in the other outcome measures. CONCLUSION: This study tentatively supports the effectiveness of visiting a spiritual healer in restricted neck movement. However, larger studies over longer periods, with placebo interventions, are required for corroboration and to gauge the scale of treatment effect.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Prospective study of selective peripheral denervation for botulinum-toxin resistant patients with cervical dystonia.

We have carried out a prospective study of selective peripheral denervation (SPD) in cervical dystonia (CD) patients with primary or secondary botulinum toxin (BT) treatment failure using independent standardized assessment. Patients referred for surgery had a standardized clinical examination, neck muscle EMG, videofluoroscopic swallow and CT of the cervical spine, and were selected for surgery on the basis of the results of these investigations. CD severity, disability and pain were assessed preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months postoperatively using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Severity of head tremor and dysphagia were scored using established rating scales. Additionally, psychosocial function was assessed in a representative subsample of patients (n = 12) using several established questionnaires. Of the 62 patients who were assessed, 22 (35.5%) were not offered surgery, most commonly because of widespread dystonia. Of the remaining 40 patients, 37 have so far had surgery, 31 of whom have been followed up for at least 1 year, and 15 for 18 months after surgery (mean follow-up duration 16.7 months). Using the TWSTRS global outcome score, 68% of patients derived functionally relevant improvement at 12 months after surgery. In the entire operated group, total TWSTRS scores were reduced by 30% at 6 and 12 months after surgery (P < 0.0001). The subscores for severity, disability and pain were reduced by 20, 30 and 40%, respectively, at 6 months (P < or = 0.01) and 20, 40 and 30%, respectively, at 12 months (P < 0.01). Pain increased over time, which appeared to result from muscle reinnervation. TWSTRS scores were not significantly improved in the six patients with primary BT treatment failure. Head tremor did not change. There was a significant improvement of body concept, perceived disfigurement, stigma, and quality of life in the 12 patients whose psychosocial function was assessed. Preoperative disability and restriction of head movement were negatively correlated and the initial response to BT treatment positively correlated with global outcome score. Spread or deterioration of dystonia elsewhere in the body occurred in three patients, with unpleasant sensory symptoms in denervated posterior cervical segments occurring in 14. Ten patients developed mild to moderate dysphagia, and two developed severe dysphagia. We conclude that SPD is an effective treatment for patients with secondary, but probably not for those with primary, BT treatment failure. Reinnervation is not infrequent and can compromise outcome. Postoperative morbidity is low, but there is a risk of dysphagia.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1990

Changes in maximum bite force related to extension of the head.

The maximum bite force and position of the hyoid bone during natural and extended head posture were studied in 15 adults. All participants had normal occlusions and full dentitions. In addition, there were no signs or symptoms of craniomandibular disorders. The bite force was measured with a bite force sensor placed between the first molars. Six registrations of gradually increasing bite force up to a maximum were made with randomized natural and extended head postures. With one exception, the mean maximum bite force value was found to be higher for every subject with extended head posture compared to natural head posture. The sample mean was 271.6 Newton in natural head posture and 321.5 Newton with 20 degrees extension. With changed head posture, the cephalometric measurements pointed towards a changed position of the hyoid bone in relation to the mandible and pharyngeal airway. The cephalometric changes in the position of the hyoid bone could be due to a changed interplay between the elevator and depressor muscle groups. This was one factor which could have influenced the registered maximum bite force.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Molar distalization by intra-oral force application.

The molar distalizing bow (MDB) guarantees controlled distal movement of the molars. It is easy to handle, can be removed at any time and can be worn almost full time. Since there is no extra-oral force, there are no unphysiological effects on the cervical spine and neck muscles or on the molars to be moved. Furthermore, there is no risk of injury by wearing the appliance. Modifications of the basic appliance broaden the range of applications.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1991

Relationships between jaw muscle cross-sections and craniofacial morphology in normal adults, studied with magnetic resonance imaging.

In 32 Caucasian adult males serial MRI scans of the jaw muscles were taken approximately perpendicular to the mean fibre direction of the jaw muscles to determine their cross-sectional areas. These areas are proportional to the maximal isometric strength of a muscle. To describe facial skeletal variation, nine angular and 21 linear cephalometric measurements were recorded, and statistically reduced by means of multiple regression and principal component analysis. Six components were extracted, rotated, and subsequently correlated with the maximal cross-sectional areas of the jaw elevators and anterior digastric muscle. Positive significant correlations were found between a linear combination of several transversal skull dimensions on the one hand, and the maximal temporalis and masseter cross-sections on the other. A negative significant correlation was found between the flexure of the cranial base and the temporalis cross-section. Surprisingly, no significant correlations were found between either anterior facial height or posterior facial height and any of the jaw muscles cross-sections. It was concluded that, in adult males with normal skull shape, relationships exist to a limited extent between craniofacial morphology and the cross-sectional areas of the jaw muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Trunk flexion in healthy children aged 3 to 7 years.

I tested 80 male and 80 female subjects between the ages of 3 and 7 years on two exercises of isometric trunk flexor muscle strength (half-hold hooklying position and supine flexion position) and one exercise of isotonic trunk flexor muscle strength (hooklying sit-ups) to establish normative data for trunk flexor musculature capabilities. Measurements included the length of time the half-hold hooklying and supine flexion positions were maintained and the number of repetitions of sit-ups. I found no significant differences between the sexes in performance of the isometric tests. I did find, however, a significant difference between age groups for half-hold hooklying and supine flexion tests (p less than .0001), indicating that the ability to perform isometric trunk flexion improves with age. Height was another significant variable contributing to test results (p less than .0001). Children were able to perform sit-ups consistently at age 6 years only; the male subjects performed an average of 20 more sit-ups than the female subjects (p less than .04). I discuss in this article the possible contribution of neuromuscular maturation and physical growth to the development of normal trunk flexion. The results may be useful to clinicians to assess abnormal trunk flexion accurately in children aged 3 to 7 years.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1997

Differences in sleep variables, blood adenosine, and body temperature between hypothyroid and euthyroid rats before and after REM sleep deprivation.

Sleep deprivation causes an increase in energy expenditure in animals. Thyroid gland function has been related to metabolic function, and this may be compromised in sleep manipulations. The objectives of the present study were the following: 1) to develop a model of hypothyroid rats by surgical removal of thyroid glands without extirpation of the parathyroid; 2) to observe the sleep architecture in euthyroid (Etx) and hypothyroid (Htx) rats, both before and after rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (96 hours); 3) to challenge both groups (i.e. Etx and Htx) with REM sleep deprivation (96 hours) and then evaluate the effects on temperature; and 4) to measure the levels of adenosine and thyroid hormones in blood. One-month-old Wistar male rats (weight 90-100 g) were studied. The thyroid gland was removed, and the parathyroid glands were reimplanted within the neck muscle (Htx) under halothane anesthesia. A sham-operated group was also included (Etx). Four months later, the animals were studied according to the following protocols. Protocol 1: Animals of both groups (i.e. Etx and Htx) were implanted for sleep recordings. After a baseline polysomnography, these animals were REM sleep deprived by the platform method (96 hours). Protocol 2. An intraperitoneal temperature transducer was placed into animals of both groups under deep halothane anesthesia. They were studied at baseline, during 96 hours of REM sleep deprivation, and on the rebound period. Protocol 3: Plasma thyroid hormones [T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)] and plasma adenosine were determined in both groups. Results of protocol 1 indicated that the main difference observed in Htx rats during the baseline sleep was an increase in delta sleep (slow-wave sleep 2) and a reduction in waking time compared with Etx animals. REM sleep rebound after 96 hours of REM sleep deprivation was similar in both groups. In protocol 2, the main finding was that Htx animals had reduced body temperature. A significant difference in body temperature between Etx and Htx animals was found mainly during lights-on period. REM sleep deprivation in the Etx group produced an increase in body temperature. Htx animals showed the opposite effect, with a reduction in body temperature during and after REM sleep deprivation. In protocol 3, the main findings were that Htx animals exhibited a significant reduction in blood thyroid hormones (T3, T4), and that they also had high levels of plasma adenosine. REM sleep deprivation produces changes in temperature regulation. The increase in body temperature during REM sleep deprivation may require thyroid integrity. Absence of the thyroid gland does not seem to influence REM sleep recovery after its deprivation. The high plasma adenosine levels found in the Htx group may explain the increase in delta sleep in this group.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2006

Modulation of somatosensory evoked potentials during wake-sleep states and spike-wave discharges in the rat.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To clarify the cortical evoked responses in the primary somatosensory cortex of the rat under states of waking, slow-wave sleep (SWS), paradoxical sleep (PS), and spike-wave discharges (SWDs), which are associated with absence seizure. DESIGN: Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in response to single- and paired-pulse stimulations under waking, SWS, PS, and SWDs were compared. SEPs to a single-pulse stimulus with regard to cortical spikes of sleep spindles and SWDs were also evaluated. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty Long Evans rats. INTERVENTIONS: Single- and paired-pulse innocuous electrical stimulations were applied to the tail of rats with chronically implanted electrodes in the primary somatosensory cortex and neck muscle under waking, SWS, PS, and SWDs. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: SEPs displayed distinct patterns under waking/PS and SWS/SWDs. The short-latency P1-N1 wave of the SEP was severely impeded during SWDs but not in other states. Reduction of the P1-N1 magnitude to the second stimulus of the paired-pulse stimulus for interstimulus intervals of < or = 300 milliseconds appeared in waking and PS states, but the decrease occurred only at particular interstimulus intervals under SWS. Interestingly, augmentation was found under SWDs. Moreover, cyclic augmentation of the P1-N1 magnitude was associated with spindle spikes, but cyclic reduction was observed with SWD spikes. CONCLUSION: Changes in SEPs are not only behavior dependent, but also phase locked onto ongoing brain activity. Distinct short-term plasticity of SEPs during sleep spindles or SWDs may merit further studies for seizure control and tactile information processing.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

Old pulmonary embolus of the distal part of a Pudenz low-pressure ventriculoatrial shunt.

At the autopsy of a man, aged 21 years, who had suffered from spastic tetraplegia for 10 years, the distal 25 cm of the Pudenz low-pressure ventriculoatrial shunt was found in the pulmonary artery, partly adherent to and partly covered with intima. The site of the detachment was the connection at the entrance to the facial vein. It is mentioned in the literature that the entrance of the venous system is, indeed, the most common site of detachment. An x-ray film of the chest, taken 3 1/2 years previously, retrospectively disclosed the catheter at the same location as demonstrated at the autopsy, but it had been overlooked at the time. On the non-intima-coated parts of the catheter, fresh thrombotic material was found, and there was cor pulmonale. The cause of detachment may have been the long-standing spastic tension in the neck muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Platysma muscle in rhytidoplasty.

Surgical alteration of the platysma muscle improves the results of cervicofacial rhytidoplasty. The operative technique indicated for an individual patient is determined, in part, by the anatomy of the platysma deformity. Many questions regarding the late results of platysma muscle surgery can only be answered by long-term follow-up. This paper presents the results in 75 patients who had platysma muscle flap cervicofacial rhytidoplasty. The 8 most common platysma deformities are discussed. Undesirable results and pitfalls in technique are noted.

Face↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of cervical burn contracture with two fasciocutaneous flaps.

A case of cervical obliteration following a chemical burn is reconstructed with 2 fasciocutaneous flaps transposed from the upper chest. The technique is rapid and yields good quality long-term results. It compares favorably with skin grafting and distant flap repair in ease of execution as well as aesthetic and functional results. The donor defect may be problematic in certain cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Visual evoked potentials are affected by trunk rotation in neglect patients.

Steady-state visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded in four patients with unilateral visuo-spatial neglect, stimulating either the left or the right hemifield. In the standard condition (head and body oriented straight ahead towards the stimulus) the left hemifield VEP was delayed. When the body was turned to the left, however, the two hemifield latencies were comparable. These results were confirmed with the transient VEP technique. No effect of trunk rotation was observed in a group of patients with left brain damage and without neglect. The results imply that the sensory afferents from neck muscles might restore the altered occipital activity and suggest that the same conditions which modulate neglect modulate VEPs latencies.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Polymyositis, alopecia universalis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis in a patient with Crohn's disease.

We report a 36-year-old man with Crohn's disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and alopecia universalis. Six years after the onset of intestinal disease, the patient developed severe muscular pain and weakness of the neck. Muscle biopsy revealed myositis. Immunosuppressive treatment led to a significant improvement of muscular symptoms. Myositis in inflammatory bowel disease appears to be an important differential diagnosis in corticoid myopathy. Both alopecia and polymyositis are rarely associated with inflammatory bowel disease; thus, they have to be discussed as extraintestinal manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Thyroplasty for adductor spasmodic dysphonia: further experiences.

OBJECTIVES: Two different surgical techniques for midline lateralization thyroplasty (type 2 thyroplasty) for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (SD) have been described, one using a composite graft and the other without. Indications and results for each method among different types of SD were compared, together with the theoretical background for the surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. METHODS: The medical records of six patients with SD together with the fiberscopic video recording of laryngeal findings before, during, and after surgery were reviewed. The intraoperative video recordings of the surgical procedures were compared with the postoperative findings. RESULTS: The vocal features of SD, diverse preoperatively, disappeared postoperatively and a normal, or almost normal, voice was attained in 5 of 6 cases. The failure in one patient was attributed to combined focal dystonia of the neck muscles and difficulty in lateralization. Type 2 thyroplasty without a graft, which causes bowing of both vocal folds, is simple to perform and effective enough for most SD cases. No recurrence has been noted so far over postoperative periods ranging from 6 months to more than 3 years. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that thyroplasty is an effective therapeutic approach for SD.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Spasmodic torticollis due to neurovascular compression of the spinal accessory nerve by the anteroinferior cerebellar artery: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Spasmodic torticollis is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by uncontrollable clonic and intermittently tonic spasm of the neck muscles. We report a case of spasmodic torticollis attributable to neurovascular compression of the right XIth cranial nerve by the right anteroinferior cerebellar artery (AICA). CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 72-year-old man with a 2-year history of right spasmodic torticollis underwent magnetic resonance imaging, which demonstrated compression of the right XIth cranial nerve by an abnormal descending loop of the right AICA. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent microvascular decompression surgery. During surgery, it was confirmed that an abnormal loop of the right AICA was compressing the right accessory nerve. Compression was released by the interposition of muscle between the artery and the nerve. CONCLUSION: The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and his symptoms were fully relieved at the 2-year follow-up examination. This is the first reported case of spasmodic torticollis attributable to compression by the AICA; usually, the blood vessels involved are the vertebral artery and the posteroinferior cerebellar artery.

Accessory Nerve Diseases↗