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PubMed2002

Common fraud experienced by the elderly: findings from a 1998 survey in Houston, Texas.

This study investigated the types and frequency of frauds experienced by seniors of different ethnic groups attending senior centers in 1998. Two hundred seniors aged 65 years or older were surveyed at 6 selected senior centers in Houston, Texas, and were asked to report the occurrence of frauds over the past year. Forty-three seniors (27%) responded that they had been victims of frauds, such as fake free prizes, work around the house, products to improve health and beauty, false insurance coverage, fees paid to attorneys and accountants, appliance repairs, credit restoration, investment participation, magazine subscriptions, and training courses. The prevalence of a reported experience with frauds by race or ethnicity was 47% of Hispanic seniors, 35% of African Americans, 25% of non-Hispanic whites, and 10% of Asians. The multivariate analysis adjusting for demographic factors showed that risk of experiencing frauds had no statistically significant association with age, gender, ethnicity, or marital and living status.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Savings tests: separating differences in rate of learning from differences in initial levels.

Three experiments used a Pavlovian magazine-approach procedure in rats to explore, in 3 theoretically interesting cases, the inferences made from savings tests. In each experiment, a compound test procedure allowed the separation of differences in rate of acquiring new associative learning from differences in initial level of associative strength. Experiment 1 found that the slower acquisition after prior nonreinforced exposure (latent inhibition) reflected differences in learning rate, not initial level. By contrast, Experiments 2 and 3 found that the higher performance observed to a previously trained and extinguished stimulus, and lower performance observed to a conditioned inhibitor, both arose primarily because of differences in initial associative value. These experiments illustrate the usefulness of a novel testing procedure in sharpening the conclusions from savings procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Acquired equivalence and distinctiveness of cues: II. Neural manipulations and their implications.

Neural manipulations were used to examine the mechanisms that underlie the acquired equivalence and distinctiveness of cues in rats. Control rats and those with excitotoxic lesions of either the hippocampus (HPC) or entorhinal cortex (EC) acquired the following conditional discrimination: In Contexts A and B, Stimulus X-->food and Stimulus Y-->no food, and in Contexts C and D, Y-->food and X-->no food. Rats then received many food pellets in A but not in C. After this treatment, control rats showed more magazine activity in B than in D--an acquired equivalence-distinctiveness effect. This effect was also evident in HPC rats but not in EC rats. These results indicate that changes in stimulus distinctiveness are dissociable from the process of conditional learning.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of the rates of associative change during acquisition and extinction.

Five experiments used a compound test procedure to compare the rate parameters for the associative changes resulting from reinforcement and nonreinforcement. Experiments 1 and 4, using a magazine-approach procedure in rats, found initial acquisition to proceed more rapidly but to generalize less broadly than extinction. Experiments 2 and 5 repeated these observations in an autoshaping preparation with pigeons. Experiment 3 found no evidence for differential disruption of acquisition and extinction in testing. These results were obtained in a test procedure that compares responding with stimulus compounds in order to remove the differences in overall performance, which have complicated inferences about associative changes in earlier experiments.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2002

[A case of a mispreparation of medicine on Yokohama and the separation of drug dispensaries from the medical practice].

On June 10, 1921, a fatal drug administration case occurred in Yokohama. A nontitled dispenser of drugs with little knowledge about drugs working in a hospital dispensary gave a patient a capsule of strychnine nitrate instead of one containing strychnine hydrochloride. This patient died 20 minutes later. A pharmacist revealed the case to the public. Pharmacists insisted that this unfortunate event occurred because of a current hospital system handling both medicine and drug dispensation. Therefore they argued that the responsibilities of doctors and of drug dispensaries must immediately be separated out of respect for the lives of patients. Pharmacists publicized the importance of separating drug dispensaries from the medical practice through newspapers, magazines, and public lectures. We are quite doubtful about this appeal to the public being effective. We question how many people could understand what the pharmacists were saying under such the era when people were not much educated. It became a great fear to doctors that pharmacists appealed the necessity of the separation of drug dispensaries from medical practice directly to the public.

Drug and Narcotic Control↗
PubMed2002

Knowledge on, and attitude toward, HIV/AIDS among staff of an international organization in Bangladesh.

Two hundred and ninety-three randomly-selected members of the staff of ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research were surveyed anonymously in June 1998, using a pre-tested and self-administered questionnaire, to assess their knowledge on, and attitude toward, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). All except 4 (1.4%) heard of AIDS. Main sources of information were radio and television (93%), newspapers and magazines (84.8%), posters and leaflets (70.2%), and friends (59.2%). About 94% of the respondents believed that HIV might spread in Bangladesh. Only 61.6% knew about the causative agent for AIDS. More than 96% had knowledge that HIV could be detected through blood test. The respondents were aware that unprotected sexual intercourse (92%), transfusion of blood and blood components (93.8%), sharing unsterile needles for injections (94.1%), and delivery of babies by infected mothers (82.7%) could transmit HIV. Similarly, the respondents had the knowledge that HIV infection could be prevented by using condom during sexual intercourse (85.5%), having sex only with an HIV-negative faithful partner (87.2%), avoiding transfusion of blood not screened for HIV (88.9%), and taking injections with sterile needles (86.5%). However, only 33.0% had the knowledge that HIV-infected persons can look healthy, and 56.4% were unaware of transmission through breastmilk. Most members of the staff, particularly at lower level, had misconceptions about transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS. More than 40% of the respondents had the attitude that HIV-infected persons should not be allowed to work, while another 10% did not have any idea about it. The findings of the study suggest that the members of the Centre's staff have a satisfactory level of essential knowledge on HIV/AIDS, although half of them have poor attitudes toward persons with HIV/AIDS. Therefore, preventive strategy for the staff should be directed toward behaviour change communication.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2002

Which prescription for the illegible and unreadable DTC (direct-to-consumer) brief summary--major surgery or euthanasia?

Healthcare costs are rising, mostly because of increased prescription drug use, chiefly as the result of direct-to-consumer drug ads on television, newspapers, and magazines. However, the FDA's requirement for a brief summary in direct-to-consumer drug ads has produced summaries that are ineffective because they are illegible and unreadable, create information overload, and require literacy skills not possessed by most consumers. If the FDA wants brief summaries to be in a patient-friendly format, it should provide document design templates and plain language examples. Unless brief summaries are written so that they can be understood by the average patient, they should be overhauled or done away with.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nursing education through REBEn: 1990-2001].

This paper looks at the scientific production of nursing professionals, on the subject of education in nursing, published in REBEn (BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING) between 1990-2001. It aims at identifying articles on education in nursing and analyzing the levels and sub-themes in 168 articles obtained from 43 magazines. Results showed that undergraduation teaching was the most highlighted theme, followed by education for health and continued education. There was less attention to the theme education (in general), post-graduation and High School Education. The study concluded that, in the last decade, Brazilian nursing has reflected upon curriculum changes, which were conquered by its professionals; valued its educational role through privileging education in health and highlighted continued education due to technological advances.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Revisiting early weaning through history].

The basic action of health requests addressed strategy as taking consciousness to the importance of the breastfeeding. The breastfeeding history shows a hiatus as the people worked with precocious wean. The aim of this study was revisit precocious wean through historical breastfeeding clipping. Bibliographical revision methodology was used. The samples consisted by books, monographs, thesis, dissertations, texts published in scientific magazines were consulted and scientific article was captured through Internet in the period from 1978 to 1998, that portray histories from mythological time to the most current centuries. The revision pointed that weans is built partner-culturally. The woman to maintain the maternal breast-feeding needs not only support family and social but also government support.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Helping your patients overcome dental phobia.

Dental phobias stem from various sources and can lead to strongly conditioned fear responses. The following are the most common origins of dental fear: Previously painful or negative experiences during visits to a dentist's office. A severe discomfort with feeling vulnerable and/or out of control in a dental situation. A sense of embarrassment from dental neglect and fear of ridicule and/or belittlement. Scary anecdotes of negative dental experiences from family and friends. Negative, menacing portrayals of dentists in movies, television, newspapers, and magazines. A sense of depersonalization in the dental process, intensified by today's necessity for the use of barrier precautions, such as masks, latex gloves, and shields. A general fear of the unknown. Once you recognize the possible sources of your patients' fears, you will be in a much better position to help them identify and overcome their particular brand of dental phobia.

Attention↗
PubMed2002

Attitudes towards and use of dietary supplementation in a sample of postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the reason why people take food supplements in addition to or in place of medication, as well as the perceived efficacy and risk of these supplements. METHODS: A 20-item, computer-assisted telephone questionnaire was administered to 442 women over 60 years of age in Hull, to assess the prevalence of use and perception of efficacy and safety of food supplements. RESULTS: Data were available for 411 women, of whom 269 (65.4%) were currently taking food supplements, 76 (18.5%) were previous users and 66 (16%) were never-users. There was no difference in terms of age, smoking, consumption of fruit and vegetables, life-style and attitude towards conventional medicine between current or past users of supplements and never-users. The majority of users (n = 229, 66%) thought that food supplements help maintain good health (p < 0.001). Overall long-term (5 years) adherence was achieved in 244 cases of supplement uses (36%). Among users, 150 (43%) thought that supplements were very effective, and 171 (49.5%) women had noticed an improvement of various symptoms. Although the majority of users (n = 176, 51%) believed that supplements might have adverse effects, over 66% would not associate side-effects with the food supplement. Information regarding supplements was obtained primarily from the media, particularly magazine and newspaper articles (27%), with health professionals rarely being consulted (16%). CONCLUSIONS: Users believed supplements to be effective, although possibly with associated side-effects. However, they would not attribute adverse effects experienced to this form of treatment. Medical practitioners and health professionals are rarely informed or consulted, leaving potentially dangerous side-effects of food supplements to go unreported.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Training for tense times.

To find out what companies are doing to address workplace violence, Security Management magazine interviewed security directors in different industries. Here is the report on the workplace violence response team at North Memorial Health Care, Robbinsdale, MN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[A brief account on the characteristics of confluence of Chinese and Western medicine in medical affairs of modern Shanxi].

Shanxi is one of the most active provinces in China for its research on modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), especially on medical practice of confluence of Chinese and Western medicine, where many distinguishing features exist and are deserved to study. This paper gave a brief account on the characteristics of confluence of Chinese and Western medicine in medical affairs of modern Shanxi from the following 5 aspects: the policy and situation of confluence of Chinese and Western medicine; the Promoting Research Committee of Shanxi TCM for promoting TCM; Shanxi Teaching Institute of Medicine where some courses about confluence of Chinese and Western medicine are taught; Medical Magazine for the confluence of Chinese and Western medicine; famous medical workers of confluence of Chinese and Western medicine in Shanxi.

China↗
PubMed2003

Seeking health care information: most consumers still on the sidelines.

Contrary to popular belief that Americans avidly seek health information--especially on the Internet--a majority of Americans in 2001 sought no information about a health concern, according to a Center for Studying Health Systems Change (HSC) study. And, instead of surfing the Internet, the 38 percent of Americans who did obtain health information relied more often on traditional sources such as books or magazines. People living with chronic conditions were more likely to seek information, yet more than half did not. Education is key to explaining differences among people. Those with a college degree are twice as likely to seek health information as people without a high school diploma. As consumers are confronted with more responsibility for making trade-offs among the cost, quality and accessibility of care, credible and understandable information will be critical to empowering consumers to take active roles in managing their care.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Biomolecules associate with iron homeostasis].

There are many biomolecules that take part in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Most of these literatures were published in the magazines of molecular biology. These molecules were studied individually. In this review, these molecules were viewed as a whole in the maintenance of iron balance. It classified these molecules into those which are associated with iron absorption, those which are associated with iron transport, which store excessive iron and which monitored the iron homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Implications for the practice of a patient expectation and satisfaction survey, at a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expectations and satisfaction of patients visiting Family Practice Clinics, at the Aga Khan University Hospital, in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional survey of 316 patients was carried out. A questionnaire, based on the study objectives was developed and administered. The participating patient signed a consent form, after assurance of confidentiality was provided. Data on the demographic profile of the patients was collected. RESULTS: The mean age was 33.81 years, with 105 (33.2%) women, and 211 (66.8%) men. The majority were married, with education above intermediate level and were in private or government service or were housewives. The median for the patient waiting time was 30 minutes, against an expectation of 12.69 minutes. Reading newspaper, watching television, reading magazine, reading Quran and listening to music were quoted as ways to lessen the burden of waiting to see a physician. The average consultation time with the physician was 13.89 minutes, against an expectation of 16.37 minutes. Patient expectation in terms of listening by the doctor with patience, explanation of the diagnosis and treatment, prescription of medicines, ordering of investigations and specialist referral has been documented. Objections to the presence of medical student, nursing student, resident doctor, nurse and an observer, in the consultation room have also been documented. Reasons quoted for the objection include issues of privacy/confidentiality, lack of justification, discomfort, and interference with the consultation process. The expected average cost for doctor's consultation was Pakistani Rs. 124, while 196 (61.8%) of the respondents were satisfied with the consultation based on Rs. 70. CONCLUSION: We have collected important information to improve the services offered at our Family Practice clinics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of the applicability of Orlando's theory in Brazilian nursing journals].

The applicability of a nurse theory allows us to explicit the purposes, contexts, variables, theoretical explanations, empirical evidences and the use of new approaches in the nursing practice that are determinant for the nature of the descriptive elements in this field. Thus, after identifying the articles published in different Brazilian Nursing magazines containing Orlando's Theory, the applicability of this theory was verified through the Model of Chinn & Krammer. The study is descriptive and exploratory. It was conducted through the analysis of Brazilian online databases containing national publications rated A and B. An article was located and analyzed under a qualitative method. Five categories were applied in order to extract the basic elements indicated by the chosen model. Considerations concerned the content of the article, allowing the collection of a rich material related to the applicability of Orlando's Theory together with the nursing assistance practiced in a specific situation where customers face surgery cancellation.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2003

Health and fitness series--3. Popular dietary fads: how should health professionals respond?

Many magazines and health books for lay people extol the virtues of diets that produce weight loss, often rapidly and using unconventional régimes. In this article a dietitian summarises the basic physiology of weight loss and discusses three such types of diet: food-combining; "detox"; and the Atkins or high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, including their physiological flaws and possible adverse side-effects.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗