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PubMed1981

Are personality test differences between alcoholics and others due to source of sample: a review of MMPI findings.

While some reviewers find that alcoholics have consistent personality characteristics, others conclude there are no such characteristics. The latter reviews claim that inattention to methodological factors (such as source of sample) have resulted in erroneous conclusions. The MMPI literature was surveyed in terms of the source of sample factor. Consistent personality characteristics were found in studies controlling for source of sample and employing the MacAndrew, Holmes, and Psychopathic Deviate Scales. The employment of a multiple regression strategy would help determine whether both alcoholism scales and the Psychopathic Deviate Scale are necessary for comprehensive description of individuals in an alcoholic population.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

Personality patterns of alcoholics revisited: delineation against the MMPI and clinical implications.

Eight personality patterns were derived on the Personality Research Form (PRF) data of 206 male alcohol abuser inpatient veterans, accounting for 55% of the total sample. Seven of these types were partial to moderately strong replications of the types from Nerviano: Compulsive, Aggressive, Impulsive/Hystrionic, Narcissistic, Submissive, Asocial Schizoid, and Avoidant Schizoid. One additional Hostile/Withdrawn type was also derived. These PRF patterns were found to be quite distinctive on the regular clinical scales of the MMPI via discriminant analysis. These prototype clinical patterns were seen as a basis for differential psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological strategies of treatment of chronic alcohol abusers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Two MMPI approaches for identifying alcoholics: evaluation and implications for further research.

Though contrasting MMPI approaches yield opposing conclusions regarding personalities of alcoholics, the relative efficacy of the approaches has not been evaluated. In this study of 309 domiciliary patients, the alcoholism scale and cluster analytic approaches were compared with respect to the identification of alcoholics and excessive-drinking subjects. The MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale significantly identified alcoholics; however, there was no identification with the profiles of the clinical scales generated by the cluster analytic technique. The conclusions suggest the greater efficacy of the alcoholism scale approach and suggest that the clustering strategy might be more fruitfully applied to alcoholism scales.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1989

The MMPI profiles of narcotics addicts. II. Ethnic and criminal history effects.

Data from 240 male heroin addicts admitted to the California Civil Addict Program (CAP) were analyzed to determine if incarceration before or after first narcotics use--a behavioral marker termed "sequence"--was significantly related to MMPI profile scores. Furthermore, this relationship was examined separately for Anglos and Chicanos. Results indicate that those Anglo addicts who had been incarcerated before they first used narcotics had significantly elevated scores for Paranoia (Pa) and Schizophrenia (Sc), two scales of the psychotic triad. A significant sequence-by-ethnicity interaction was found, in which the sequence effect was not manifested in Chicano addicts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

MMPI profiles of impaired nurses.

The MMPI profiles of 42 nurses presenting themselves for treatment of alcoholism or opiate addiction in a residential setting were examined. When comparisons were made, no significant differences in this sample emerged based on sex, level of professional training, or drug of choice. Results suggested that a significant elevation emerged on the Pd scale, and the D scale approached clinical significance. The clinical implications of these data as they impact the treatment of impaired nurses are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Substance user MMPI-2 profiles: predicting failure in completing treatment.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 protocols were examined in an attempt to develop a model able to identify chemically-dependent patients likely not to complete treatment. MMPI-2 profiles of 173 patients (142 male) were analyzed using profile code types and a multiple analysis of variance. A chi-square showed that patients classified as neurotic were more likely to fail treatment. A MANOVA indicated that elevated T-scores on Scales 7 and 8 (p < .05) were related to noncompletion. Comparing these results with similar studies indicates that attempting to construct a predictive model based on a single objective measure may not be sufficient to determine outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The predictive efficacy of three MMPI short forms.

In order to investigate the predictive efficacy of three MMPI short forms, the standard form answer sheets of 50 inmate volunteers and 44 clinic outpatients were scored separately for Faschingbauer's, Hugo's and Mini-Mult scales. T-score correlations and t tests between the standard form and each short form, as well as comparisons using Lacks' criteria were reported. Results indicated that the Faschingbauer form was superior to the other two forms. Results were discussed in terms of the populations tested and in reference to the different methodologies used in developing each of the short forms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Association of fake-good MMPI-2 profiles with low Beck Depression Inventory scores.

Seventy-nine adolescent mothers (mean age = 18.1 years) were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and three validity scales (L, F, and K) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2). The aim was to determine whether low-BDI mothers were "faking good," or denying their depression. The adolescent mothers were assigned to a low-BDI group (scores = 0, 1, 2), a nondepressed group (scores = 3-9), or a depressed group (scores > or = 13). The depressed group had higher F (Symptom) scale scores than did the nondepressed group, which in turn had higher scores than did the low-BDI group. The low-BDI group, in contrast, had more fake-good profiles than did the two other groups. Discriminant analyses indicated that 90% of the fake-good profiles could be classified correctly based on BDI and K (Defensiveness) scale scores. These data suggest the need for further assessment when individuals have extremely low BDI scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Detecting unexpected variables in the MMPI 2 Social Introversion scale.

The standard scoring structure of the revised Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) Social Introversion (Si) scale was reexamined with Rasch Measurement. The 69-item Si scale split into two distinct dimensions when their standardized residuals were factor analyzed. Items keyed "true" to Si defined one dimension and items keyed "false" defined another. Relationships between Lexile values (an index of reading difficulty and comprehension) and item difficulties were also explored. The article shows how to use Rasch Measurement to understand and improve personality assessment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Investigation with the MMPI saarbrücken in patients with ulcerative colitis (author's transl)].

The aim of our investigation was to establish whether certain personality traits of patients with ulcerative colitis could be subjected to verification by means of a controlled psychological test. 30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 30 "healthy" control persons were tested with the MMPI Saarbrücken. The colitis patients differed from the control persons in respect of their significantly higher scores on the hypochondria scale, the depression scale, the paranoia scale and the scale measuring social introversion. These higher scores proved to be independent of duration of illness. On the other scales there were no significant differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dependency scale in the MMPI and dependent personality in DSM-III].

We tested a dependency rating scale issued from MMPI (considered relevant for DSM-III dependent personality disorder) on 33 males who met this DSM-III personality disorder. There is no significant difference between our subjects and the standard values reported in the literature. Some hypothesis about this negative results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

MMPI profile subtypes of incarcerated sex offenders against children.

Sex offenders are heterogeneous in personality and behavioral characteristics. The present study was conducted to identify homogeneous subgroups of incarcerated sexual offenders against children on the basis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Subjects were 90 men undergoing initial evaluation for a treatment program conducted through a state department of corrections. Hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in the identification of four profile subgroups. While two subgroups presented mean profiles within normal limits, the patterns indicated differences in personality functioning: one presenting signs of sociopathy and the other emotional disturbance. In contrast, the other two profile subgroups presented several scale elevations: One subgroup indicated anger and aggression and the other severe psychopathology. Both of the latter subgroups were similar to two rapist subtypes identified in previous research. Subgroups were further differentiated on the basis of psychosexual, affective, and psychosocial variables. Results suggest the existence of homogeneous subgroups of incarcerated sexual offenders against children as delineated by the MPPI.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Use of MMPI (Minnesota multiphasic Personality Inventory) in the evaluation of patients with chronic pain syndrome].

The MMPI was performed in 25 patients with chronic pain syndrome to evaluate the personality trait. The results showed an elevation in scales 1, 2, 3 in 64% of the patients. The inventory was effective on the assessment of patients. It offered standardization and objective visualization of patients' psychical involvement. Also, it can serve as a prognostic factor for psychotherapy and surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

MMPI profiles of adolescent substance abusers in treatment.

The non-K-corrected MMPI profiles of 243 adolescents presenting themselves for chemical dependency treatment in a residential setting were examined. Results suggested a general lack of psychopathology in this population, although a significant elevation on the Pd scale did emerge. These data are compared to the findings of previous studies with both adolescent and adult populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A replicated five cluster MMPI typology of morbidly obese female candidates for gastric bypass.

This study clusters empirically into subgroups the preoperative MMPI profiles of morbidly obese females seeking a gastric bypass, assesses the replicability of clusters across different subject populations and tests the hypotheses that cluster inclusion bears a significant relationship to weight loss and post-operative follow-up behavior. One hundred seventy women participated: 85 were patients at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas (UTHSCSA), and 85 were from the Cherryhill Medical Surgical Center (CMSC), Albion, Michigan. A hierarchical cluster analytic technique was applied using the cosine measure and average linkage within groups method. Purification of the two samples resulted in seven groups with 59 cases in the UTHSCSA sample and six groups with 62 cases in the CMSC sample. Five groups containing 94 subjects (55 percent) replicated across the two samples (UTHSCSA = 44; CMSC = 50). Discriminant analysis yielded four statistically significant functions. The chi 2 test was employed to discern significant differences based on group inclusion. Demographic differences between the two geographic samples are discussed. One year follow-up studies found that personality type bears a significant relationship to indexed weight loss, follow-up appointment frequency, and follow-up duration for the San Antonio sample.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic value of the MMPI alcoholism scales in assessing the risk of alcohol dependence among students].

The aim of the work was to establish the usefulness of alcoholism scales enclosed in MMPI for the evaluation of risk of alcohol dependence among college students. The results of 1255 college students from different schools and various years of studium were reviewed. The risk of alcohol dependence was established by analysing the frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed; this allowed to separate the group with "high" and "low" risk of alcohol dependence. Three patterns of alcohol use were established based on subject's personality: with predominance of extraversion, with neurotism, and with character disorders. The study revealed satisfactionary accuracy of following scales: Al-Hampton, Am-Holmes, MAC-MacAndrews, SAL 1, SAL 2-Paluchowski. Results allowed the elaboration of norms for scales mentioned above.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality characteristics of alcoholic subjects using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)].

The results obtained in an investigation carried out on male alcoholics who had not drunk for three years are presented and evaluated. The research was carried out on a sample of 200 subjects aged between 30 and 50, average schooling, belonging to AA groups. The purposes of the study were to identify the psychopathological features of the sample in relation to the neurotic and psychotic aspects of the personality. A comparison was subsequently made with a similar female sample selected from a previous research. An abbreviated form of the MMPI test was used in the clinical part.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

MMPI profile of women and men convicted of domestic homicide.

The present study investigated the psychological characteristics of men and women convicted of domestic homicide. Demographic information and MMPIs were collected from women (n = 16) and men (n = 20) convicted of murdering their partners and men (n = 19) convicted of murdering strangers during the course of a crime. Analyses of variance indicated that women had significantly higher elevations of MMPI scales PA and SI than both groups of men, while men convicted of murdering strangers had higher elevations on scale MA than men convicted of domestic murder. These findings suggest different patterns of psychopathology among homicide offenders depending on the offender's relationship to the victim. Results are discussed with reference to previous research on domestic murderers and female offenders.

Adult↗