Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MEXICO”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Violent death in the West: suicide and homicide in New Mexico, 1958-1987.

We examined New Mexico vital statistics data for suicides and homicides among the state's Hispanics, Native Americans, and non-Hispanic whites collected from 1958 to 1987. We found high age-adjusted rates for both suicides and homicides among Hispanic and Native American males, in comparison with rates for non-Hispanic white males. Suicide rates among Native American women were comparatively low, contrasting with their high homicide rates. Homicide rates for males in all three ethnic groups increased substantially over the 30-year study period. We conclude that death from violent causes, both suicide and homicide, is a major public health problem in New Mexico, and disproportionately affects minority males.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The national addictions survey of Mexico].

A probabilistic household survey was made with the following objectives: to estimate the prevalence of consumption of tobacco, alcohol and legal and illegal drugs; to identify attitudes and values, risk factors and problems associated with the consumption of addictive substances in a population from 12 to 65 years old, which resides in the urban areas of Mexico. This survey forms part of the National Health Surveys System, and its sample design is based on the Master Sample Framework of the National Health Surveys System, which gathered information representative of the national population and for seven regions. In the elaboration of the questionnaire indicators proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), validated for Mexico, were used as well as previous knowledge about the topic. Thirteen thousand and five interviews were made, of which 96.7 per cent were complete and 2.6 per cent were rejected. In the group from 12 to 17 years old, 32 per cent of the men and 23 per cent of the women already consumed alcoholic drinks. The age group with the largest proportion of men who were frequent drinkers is from 30 to 39 years of age, with 36.3 per cent. For women 34.0 per cent of the frequent drinkers were found in the 40 to 49 year age group. It was found that six per cent of the population from 18 to 65 years of age is alcohol dependent, 12.5 per cent of men and less than one per cent of women. The population which smokes reaches 26 per cent of the total, with 38.3 per cent of men and 14.4 per cent of women. Forty two and four per cent of smokers are from 18 to 29 years of age. Among the daily smokers, 17 per cent were considered dependent on cigarettes. Only 4.8 per cent of the population admits having consumed some type of drug on at least one occasion, with the men from 12 to 34 years old being the age group which is most affected by the use of drugs (8.5%). Active users in the last year made up 2.1 per cent and in the last month the proportion of active users was less than one per cent. The most frequently used drug was marihuana (1%), the second used were tranquilizers (0.4%), and the third most frequently used were inhalants (glue, thinner) (0.26%). The most commonly consumed drug by male users was marihuana and by female users the most commonly used drug was stimulants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sources of lead in pregnant women in the Valley of Mexico].

Lead levels in samples of the groups at highest risk to the effects of lead exposure, pregnant women and their infants, are higher than levels known to produce developmental retardation in children in a considerable proportion of the sample tested in Mexico City. Modeling of prenatal factors predicting maternal lead during pregnancy shows the strong effect of the use of low-temperature ceramics on lead level. The data also suggests an important contribution from air lead. The downward trend in lead exposure in pregnant women in the Valley of Mexico over the last 10 years, concurrent with downward trends in air lead is encouraging. However, reducing the manufacture and use of leaded pottery could produce a significant further reduction of lead exposure with a modest program of public education, government regulation and subsidization of lead free pottery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prospects for the development of geriatrics in Mexico].

The problem of population aging and its consequences for health has not been analysed in depth in Mexico. This paper is a critical review of available data on the epidemiology of aging in Mexico. Available data, even though incomplete serves us to identify the main problems afflicting the elderly population: poverty, absence of specialized services, high prevalence of disabilities and multiple pathology and weakening of the family and social support network. throughout the analysis of this information, a proposal is made towards the development of a gerontological services network.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seroprevalence of viral markers of hepatitis B among health professionals. Multicenter study in Mexico].

To determine the prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis B infection among health care workers (HCW) in Mexico we surveyed 1072 volunteers from 26 hospitals in 12 states, from which only 1017 fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 82 patients (8.1%) were excluded because of lipemic and/or hemolyzed serum, leaving 935 persons in the study. The study population consisted of physicians, nurses, laboratory chemists, health laboratory technicians and odontologists. All of them had been working in their respective fields and in contact with biological materials for at least 12 months. None of them had been vaccinated for hepatitis B. We determined the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs by the ELISA method. The participants' mean age was 31.4 years (range: 18-72) and their mean working time was 7.8 years. 615 were female and 320 male. The HBsAg was positive in 11 (1.2%) and the anti-HBs in 91 cases (9.7%). These results suggest that HCW in Mexico have a greater relative risk of becoming infected with the HB virus than the general population. Relative risks were particularly higher for the health laboratory technicians and the physicians. These results confirm that biohazard measures must be reinforced and that the application of HB virus vaccine could be recommended for health care workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Epidemic transmission of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis in Mexico, 1986-1987.

Outbreaks of acute hepatitis occurred in Huitzililla and Telixtac, two rural villages 70 miles south of Mexico City, Mexico, in late 1986. The first outbreak began in Huitzililla in June of that year, 1 month after the start of the rainy season. A census revealed 94 icteric case subjects, for an attack rate of 5%; two women died. Attack rates were higher for persons older than 15 years (10%) than for younger persons. A case-control study showed that illness was highly associated with water-related factors. The second outbreak began in August 1986 in Telixtac. There were 129 case subjects, for an attack rate of 6%; one woman died. Epidemiologic findings were similar to those in Huitzililla, except that most disease transmission was not linked to unsafe water sources. None of 62 case subjects in Huitzililla and only 2 of 53 case subjects in Telixtac tested had serological evidence for recent infection with hepatitis A or B. Two of eight stool samples from Huitzililla and one of the eight stool samples from Telixtac were positive by immune electron microscopy for 32- to 34-nm viruslike particles similar to those seen in cases of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis from Asia. To our knowledge, these investigations document for the first time the epidemic transmission of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis virus in the Americas.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Pathogenic and non-pathogenic zymodemes of Entamoeba histolytica in a rural area of Mexico. Concordance with serology.

OBJECTIVES: a) to describe the frequency of pathogenic and nonpathogenic zymodemes of E. histolytica in asymptomatic carriers in rural Mexico, b) to identify the isoenzymatic pattern of the zymodemes and c) to measure the concordance of pathogenic zymodemes and positive serology. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional survey. Reference population: rural communities of the mexican highlands. STUDY UNITS: 2048 individuals from 341 families of 5 rural communities. METHODS: From the local census of each community, 70 to 100 families were selected by random sampling. All members of each family were studied. After obtaining the consent the following activities were done: a) filling of a questionnaire about housing and sanitary condition and structure of the family; age, sex, literacy and digestive symptoms and illness during the previous 4 weeks, in each individual; b) a blood sample for serology (CEIP and IHA) and c) a stool sample for coproparasitoscopic analysis (CPS) and zymodemes identification, in each individual. Statistical evaluation was done by kappa index and receiving operating curves (ROC). MAIN RESULTS: there were 122/1730 (7.1%) CPS studies positive to E histolytica cysts, 100/1730 (5.8%) zymodemes isolated and 137/1886 (7.3%) positive serologic studies. Of the 100 zymodemes 30 had a pathogenic pattern, three had a mixture (pathogenic/nonpathogenic) and 67 had a non-pathogenic patterns. There were two (XVII, XVIII) patterns described for the first time in Mexico. Concordance between pathogenic zymodemes and positive serology (IHA greater than 1:128) was very low, Kappa = 0.05. ROC curves for IHA in pathogenic and non-pathogenic zymodemes showed little relationship between positive serology and pathogenic pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Although the frequency of positive serology, coproparasitoscopic studies and zymodemes identification was similar, the concordance between serology and the coprologic studies was very low. This disagrees with other reports, and deserves further investigation using methodologic standards in design.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Vaccination against measles. The situation in Mexico and America. Advances in the method of aerosol immunization].

We present general comments on the epidemiology of measles considering the pre-vaccine era as well as the post-vaccine period in which some changes can be observed: the decrease in morbidity and mortality, the extension of the inter-epidemic interval, the increase in the mean age of infection, etc. We make some estimations about the vaccine coverage and the ideal age of immunization for the goal of eradication (assuming a lifelong immunity for the vaccinees). The technical problems in measles immunization are also revised explaining why no continental country has been able to eliminate the disease. We describe the epidemiological situation in North America, Mexico and Latin American countries. Lastly we present the Mexican experience with the inhaled aerosolised vaccine: the studies in Monterrey (Sabin et al, 1982), other investigation in Mexico, D.F. and in the State of Jalisco, as well as the mass campaigns in Aguascalientes in 1988 and in Coahuila and Nuevo León in 1989. We propose it as an effective, harmless, simple, inexpensive and practical method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

High fertility of Old Colony Mennonites in Mexico.

Old Colony Mennonites in Mexico appear to demonstrate natural fertility, using no form of artificial birth control and apparently not attempting to limit family size. The resulting fertility is nearly as high as that of the Hutterites, although the Mennonites lack the communal economic system of the latter. Most Mennonites in Mexico migrated from Canada in the 1920s, and the largest single settlement, called the Manitoba Colony, is one of four in the state of Chihuahua. A 1967 partial census obtained data from 38% of the Mennonite households. Family size in the sample was close to that in a local survey taken in the same year. Available church records matched with census forms permitted verification of and corrections to 560 female reproductive histories. The median number of live births to women over age 45 years was 9.5, compared with 10.4 in the Hutterites. Age-specific marital fertility rates and birth intervals closely resembled those of the Hutterites.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[AIDS and social strata in Mexico: the importance of bisexuality].

The prevalence of AIDS in Mexico and the frequency of sexually transmitted risks was analyzed in relation to the socioeconomic strata of the patients. The study was based on the obligatory notifications of AIDS received by the Ministry of Health between 1982 and september of 1988. The findings show that AIDS is accumulating more rapidly among the low socioeconomic strata, where the bisexual and heterosexual risk factors are also more frequent. These findings are explained in the context of the sexual mores and living conditions of the low social strata of the country. The study leads to the recommendation of diversified preventive activities that meet the peculiarities of the various social strata in Mexico.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Coccidia (Apicomplexa) from heteromyid rodents in the southwestern United States, Baja California, and northern Mexico with three new species from Chaetodipus hispidus.

Fecal samples from 223 heteromyid rodents of 4 genera and 13 species were collected from California, New Mexico, and Texas and from Baja California Norte and Sonora, Mexico. Of these, 84 (38%) were infected with coccidian oocysts; 72 of 84 (86%) infected animals had only 1 species of coccidian. Eleven species of coccidia were identified including 1 cyclosporan and 10 eimerians; the cyclosporan and 2 of the eimerians are described as new species. Sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora angimurinensis n. sp. were subspheroidal, 21.9 x 19.3 (19-24 x 16-22) microns, with sporocysts lemon-shaped, 11.9 x 9.5 (9-15 x 8-11) microns; it was found in 1 of 20 (4%) Chaetodipus hispidus. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria chaetodipi n. sp. were subspheroidal, 16.7 x 14.6 (13-19.5 x 12-17) microns, with sporocysts ovoidal, 8.7 x 6.6 (7.5-10.5 x 5-7.5) microns; it was found in 3 of 20 (15%) C. hispidus. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria hispidensis n. sp. were subspheroidal, 20.5 x 17.4 (17-23 x 14-21) microns, with sporocysts lemon-shaped, 9.3 x 7.2 (7.5-10.5 x 5-9) microns; it was found in 4 of 20 (20%) C. hispidus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

High frequency of human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type II infection in New Mexico blood donors: determination by sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.

The Albuquerque branch of the United Blood Services system was found to have an unusually high blood donor human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) seroprevalence (0.72 per 1,000). Many studies investigating HTLV seroprevalence and transmission have assumed that all seropositivity is due to HTLV type I (HTLV-I); recent data dispute this conclusion. We investigated the high prevalence of HTLV seropositivity in New Mexico by determining whether HTLV-I or HTLV-II is predominant in our donors. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of proviral DNA from peripheral blood, followed by sequence-specific hybridization with oligonucleotide probes to distinguish the two viruses, we demonstrate that 9 of 10 Western blot-confirmed HTLV-seropositive blood donors from New Mexico are infected with HTLV-II. Implications of this finding for donors and the safety of the blood supply are discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The medical profession in urban areas of Mexico: demographic composition and social origin].

The medical profession in Mexico has experienced deep changes during the last decades. One of the most prominent has been the rapid growth in the number of physicians, who have tended to concentrate in the urban areas. In order to examine the sources of such increase, this paper analyzes the composition of the medical profession by age, sex, and social origin. The data come from the National Survey of Medical Employment, carried out in 1986, in which 604 physicians from a representative sample of households were interviewed in 16 of the main Mexican cities. The results show that the medical profession in Mexico is marked by a clear predominance of young people, which in turn is a sign of the recent explosion of graduates from medical schools. At the same time, there is a growing proportion of women. In contrast, the social origin of physicians has not experienced major changes, since most of them continue to come from the middle classes. The interpretation of these findings indicates that the growth in the number of physicians has not been due to a diversification of the social base of the profession, but to a greater demand for medical education among the middle classes and women. The changes experienced by the medical profession have a basic significance for the present and the future of health in México.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention of coronary atherosclerosis. (III). Prevalence of risk factors among civil servants of Mexico City, Federal District].

The prevalence of risk factors in civil servants living in Mexico City was investigated prospectively in 1942 individuals. Risk factors tended to increase with age and in some cases were related to sex. Hypertension was found to be as high as fifteen percent in the older age groups despite the fact that the critical limit was 160/95 in all decades. Hypercholesterolemia was found to be close to the rates reported in the so-called developed countries. Diabetes mellitus varied between 1 and 14%. Obesity and hypertrygliceridemia were also common findings and related. Smoking was independent of sex. Prevalence of the association between the major risk factors are presented. These data, are in agreement with the death causes among civil servants and indicate that preventive programs for ischemic heart disease are needed in civil servants in Mexico City.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tribal differences in diabetes: prevalence among American Indians in New Mexico.

The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among American Indians in New Mexico with varied genetic and cultural backgrounds is reported. Utilizing community-based registries, the prevalence in persons ages 35 years and older ranged from 9.8 percent among Jicarilla Apache Indians to 28.2 percent among Zuni Indians. All rates were significantly higher than the U.S. rate of 5.3 percent for the same age group. In addition, in three of the five tribal groups examined, the rates of diagnosed diabetes in Indians less than 35 years of age (range from 0.5 percent to 1.3 percent) were significantly higher than the U.S. rate of 0.4 percent for the same age group. The prevalence rates of diagnosed diabetes found in this study of American Indians in New Mexico were intermediate between those for the United States as a whole and the Pima Indians of southern Arizona. Reasons for the variations and the relative contribution of obesity, fitness, or genetic risk in the development of diabetes need further study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevalence of chronic drinkers in Mexico: an ecologic analysis].

Alcohol consumption is an important element in the epidemiologic profile of Mexico. This can be confirmed observing the increased per capita consumption of certain alcoholic beverages (like beer and wine), alcohol related medical problems (e.g. liver cirrhosis), social problems (i.e. violence) and by the data provided by household surveys of prevalence of alcohol consumption in Mexico since the 60's. The population's consumption of alcoholic beverages has generated concern, as the Simple Distribution Theory (SDT) predicts that an increment in the per capita alcohol consumption is likely to be accompanied by an increment of heavy drinkers. This increment is, then, related to a theoretical increment in alcohol related damages. In order to partially test the SDT data from a series of surveys done in the country, six surveys of the 70's were used. Those surveys were executed in six cities, the capital of five states and the capital of the Republic, with a comparable methodology and definition of alcohol consumption. We used prevalence data of heavy drinkers in those cities as an independent variable for a series of medical and social problems, in a multiple-group comparison study. In general, the results do not support the SDT in the case of mortality by liver cirrhosis, suicide and traffic deaths, or for alcohol related offenses at the Federal Courts. Nevertheless, the results seem to support the SDT for some groups in Common Court offenses and for the rate of traffic accidents. In a comparison with other independent variables (prevalence of abstainers, per capita bars, illiteracy, unemployment, and population density), the prevalence of heavy drinkers and population density were the best. Both obtained the largest number of statistically significant correlations with the problems studied. For the prevalence of heavy drinkers some of those correlations were in the inverse sense as predicted by the SDT.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

Prevention of HIV transmission through blood and blood products: experiences in Mexico.

As of August 1988, 1,628 cases of AIDS had been reported in Mexico, of which 12% were ascribed to transmission through blood. Of the 201 subjects infected by blood, 159 (79%) were infected through transfusions. The relatively high number of such cases was found to be associated with a prevalence of HIV infection of 7% among paid donors as compared with a prevalence of 0.1% among volunteer donors. A National AIDS Prevention Committee has been established in Mexico, and amendments to the country's General Health Law mandate compulsory screening to detect HIV infection among all donors and prohibit the sale of blood. A national network of screening laboratories was established and an educational campaign initiated among health personnel. Evaluation of this program shows that the current frequency of HIV infection in donors is 0.04%.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in asymptomatic family planning patients in rural New Mexico.

We tested 98 asymptomatic women seen in state-funded contraception clinics in rural New Mexico. A fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody stain revealed Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 25% of asymptomatic unmarried women and 3% of married women (P = .03). Neisseria gonorrhoeae was detected in only one woman. As in urban clinics providing contraception, the prevalence of gonorrhea is rare in rural New Mexico, but chlamydial infections are common in young unmarried women.

Adolescent↗